Spf45 GO:0000001_3489_1 mitochondrion inheritance "The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton." [GOC:mcc, PMID:10873824, PMID:11389764] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000002_3489_1 mitochondrial genome maintenance "The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome." [GOC:ai, GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000003_3489_1 reproduction "The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000009_2084_1 alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6) linkage." [GOC:mcc, PMID:2644248] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000010_2084_1 trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate + diphosphate." [EC:2.5.1.30, RHEA:20839] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000012_3489_1 single strand break repair "The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair." [http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/D/DNArepair.html] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000014_2084_1 single-stranded DNA specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000015_726_1 phosphopyruvate hydratase complex "A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000022_3489_1 mitotic spindle elongation "Lengthening of the distance between poles of the mitotic spindle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000026_2084_1 alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage." [GOC:mcc, PMID:10521541] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000027_3489_1 ribosomal large subunit assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000028_3489_1 ribosomal small subunit assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit." [GOC:jl] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000030_2084_1 mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000036_2084_1 ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process "Interacting selectively with the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) as part of the process of fatty acid biosynthesis." [CHEBI:22221, GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000038_3489_1 very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22." [CHEBI:27283, GOC:hjd] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000041_3489_1 transition metal ion transport "The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000042_3489_1 protein targeting to Golgi "The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi; usually uses signals contained within the protein." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0000045_3489_1 autophagic vacuole assembly "The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm." [PMID:9412464] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000046_3489_1 autophagic vacuole fusion "The fusion of an autophagic vacuole with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole." [PMID:11099404] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000049_2084_1 tRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with transfer RNA." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000050_3489_1 urea cycle "The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate." [GOC:pde, GOC:vw, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000053_3489_1 argininosuccinate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000055_3489_1 ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus "The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000059_3489_1 protein import into nucleus, docking "A protein complex assembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the association of a cargo protein, a carrier protein such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer, and a nucleoporin located at the periphery of the nuclear pore complex." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, PMID:14570049, PMID:7878057, PMID:9126736] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000060_3489_1 protein import into nucleus, translocation "A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:14570049, PMID:9126736] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000062_2084_1 fatty-acyl-CoA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000064_2084_1 L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000066_3489_1 mitochondrial ornithine transport "The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a mitochondrion." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000070_3489_1 mitotic sister chromatid segregation "The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000072_3489_1 M phase specific microtubule process "A microtubule-based process that occurs only during M phase of the cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000075_3489_1 cell cycle checkpoint "A cell cycle regulatory process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the timing and integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint encompasses detection of an event or biological quality, signal transduction, and effector processes that delay or stop cell cycle progression in response to a defect." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000076_3489_1 DNA replication checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome." [GOC:curators, GOC:rn, PMID:11728327, PMID:12537518] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000077_3489_1 DNA damage checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds." [GOC:mah, PMID:11891124] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000079_3489_1 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000080_3489_1 G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle "G1 phase occurring as part of the mitotic cell cycle. G1 phase is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (mitosis in a mitotic cell cycle) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. A mitotic cell cycle is one which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000082_3489_1 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle "Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000083_3489_1 regulation of transcription involved in G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G1/S phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000084_3489_1 S phase of mitotic cell cycle "S phase occurring as part of the mitotic cell cycle. S phase is the part of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. A mitotic cell cycle is one which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000085_3489_1 G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle "G2 phase occurring as part of the mitotic cell cycle. G2 phase is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (mitosis in a mitotic cell cycle). A mitotic cell cycle is one which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000086_3489_1 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle "Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0000087_3489_1 M phase of mitotic cell cycle "M phase occurring as part of the mitotic cell cycle. M phase is the part of the cell cycle during which nuclear division takes place. A mitotic cell cycle is one which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000089_3489_1 mitotic metaphase "Metaphase occurring as part of mitosis. Metaphase is the part of nuclear division in which, canonically, chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell. Mitosis is the cell cycle process in which, canonically, the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell." [ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000090_3489_1 mitotic anaphase "Anaphase occurring as part of mitosis. Anaphase is the part of nuclear division in which sister chromatids (or chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. Mitosis is the cell cycle process in which, canonically, the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell." [GOC:dph, ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000091_3489_1 mitotic anaphase A "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase A, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000092_3489_1 mitotic anaphase B "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase B, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000093_3489_1 mitotic telophase "Telophase occurring as part of mitosis. Telophase is the part of nuclear division that, canonically, begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. Mitosis is the cell cycle process in which, canonically, the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000095_2084_1 S-adenosylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of S-adenosylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other. S-adenosylmethionine is S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000096_3489_1 sulfur amino acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000103_3489_1 sulfate assimilation "The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000104_2084_1 succinate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.3.99.1, GOC:kd] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000105_3489_1 histidine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000110_726_1 nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex "One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively." [PMID:10915862] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000117_3489_1 regulation of transcription involved in G2/M-phase of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000118_726_1 histone deacetylase complex "A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000122_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000123_726_1 histone acetyltransferase complex "A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000124_726_1 SAGA complex "A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof; additional polypeptides include Spt group, consisting of Spt7, Spt3, and Spt20/Ada5, which interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP); the Ada group, consisting of Ada1, Ada2, Ada3, Ada4/Gcn5, and Ada5/Spt20, which is functionally linked to the nucleosomal HAT activity; Tra1, an ATM/PI-3 kinase-related protein that targets DNA-bound activators for recruitment to promoters; the TBP-associated factor (TAF) proteins, consisting of Taf5, Taf6, Taf9, Taf10, and Taf12, which mediate nucleosomal HAT activity and are thought to help recruit the basal transcription machinery." [PMID:10637607, PMID:17337012] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000126_726_1 transcription factor TFIIIB complex "A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF." [GOC:mah, PMID:11433012] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000132_3489_1 establishment of mitotic spindle orientation "A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures." [GOC:ems] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000137_726_1 Golgi cis cisterna "The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000138_726_1 Golgi trans cisterna "The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000139_726_1 Golgi membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000145_726_1 exocyst "A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals." [PMID:9700152] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000146_2084_1 microfilament motor activity "Catalysis of movement along a microfilament, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000149_2084_1 SNARE binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein." [PMID:12642621] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000150_2084_1 recombinase activity "Catalysis of the identification and base-pairing of homologous sequences between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA." [GOC:elh] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000151_726_1 ubiquitin ligase complex "A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex." [PMID:9529603] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000152_726_1 nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex "A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the nucleus." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000154_3489_1 rRNA modification "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically." [GOC:curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000155_2084_1 two-component sensor activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response." [GOC:bf, GOC:mcc, PMID:10966457, PMID:20223701, PMID:9191038] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000156_2084_1 two-component response regulator activity "Responds to a two-component sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response." [GOC:bf, PMID:10966457, PMID:11842140] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000159_726_1 protein phosphatase type 2A complex "A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:17245430] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000160_3489_1 two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay) "A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins." [PMID:9191038] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000164_726_1 protein phosphatase type 1 complex "A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:ssd] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000165_3489_1 MAPK cascade "An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, PMID:20811974, PMID:9561267] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000166_2084_1 nucleotide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000172_726_1 ribonuclease MRP complex "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family, and cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication." [GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:10690410, PMID:14729943, PMID:7510714] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000175_2084_1 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000176_726_1 nuclear exosome (RNase complex) "Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the nucleus." [PMID:10465791] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000177_726_1 cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex) "Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the cytoplasm." [PMID:10465791] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000178_726_1 exosome (RNase complex) "Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases." [PMID:10465791] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000179_2084_1 rRNA (adenine-N6,N6-)-dimethyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the dimethylation two adjacent A residues in the loop closing the 3'-terminal stem of the 18S rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor." [ISBN:1555811337, PMID:10690410] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000182_2084_1 rDNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA sequences encoding ribosomal RNA." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000183_3489_1 chromatin silencing at rDNA "Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin." [PMID:10219245] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000184_3489_1 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay "The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins." [GOC:krc, GOC:ma, PMID:10025395] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000185_3489_1 activation of MAPKKK activity "Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase." [PMID:9561267] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000186_3489_1 activation of MAPKK activity "The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase by phosphorylation by a MAPKKK." [PMID:9561267] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000187_3489_1 activation of MAPK activity "The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase by phosphorylation by a MAPKK." [PMID:9561267] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000188_3489_1 inactivation of MAPK activity "Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase." [PMID:9561267] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000189_3489_1 MAPK import into nucleus "The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus upon activation." [PMID:9561267] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000209_3489_1 protein polyubiquitination "Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000212_3489_1 meiotic spindle organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000213_2084_1 tRNA-intron endonuclease activity "Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron." [EC:3.1.27.9] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000214_726_1 tRNA-intron endonuclease complex "A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron." [EC:3.1.27.9] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000217_2084_1 DNA secondary structure binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing secondary structure elements such as four-way junctions, bubbles, loops, Y-form DNA, or double-strand/single-strand junctions." [GOC:krc] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000220_726_1 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain "The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane." [GOC:mah, PMID:16449553] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000221_726_1 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain "The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane." [GOC:mah, PMID:16449553] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000224_2084_1 peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue." [EC:3.5.1.52] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000226_3489_1 microtubule cytoskeleton organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000228_726_1 nuclear chromosome "A chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000235_726_1 astral microtubule "Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000236_3489_1 mitotic prometaphase "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000242_726_1 pericentriolar material "A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome." [GOC:clt, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000245_3489_1 spliceosomal complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions." [PMID:9476892] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000254_2084_1 C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H(+) + O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + H2O." [EC:1.14.13.72, PMID:9811880] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000256_3489_1 allantoin catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000257_2084_1 nitrilase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides." [EC:3.5.5.1, GOC:kd] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000262_726_1 mitochondrial chromosome "A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000266_3489_1 mitochondrial fission "The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments." [PMID:11038192] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0000268_2084_1 peroxisome targeting sequence binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a peroxisomal targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0879693568] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000270_3489_1 peptidoglycan metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network." [http://www.dsmz.de/species/murein.htm, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000272_3489_1 polysaccharide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000275_726_1 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) "The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10838056] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000276_726_1 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) "All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10838056] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000278_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle "Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194, Reactome:69278] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000280_3489_1 nuclear division "The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000281_3489_1 cytokinesis after mitosis "A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000285_2084_1 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.150, RHEA:13612] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000287_2084_1 magnesium ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000288_3489_1 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay "A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability." [GOC:jp, GOC:krc] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000289_3489_1 nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening "Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000290_3489_1 deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA "Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000293_2084_1 ferric-chelate reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe2+ + NAD+ = 2 Fe3+ + NADH + H(+)." [EC:1.16.1.7] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000302_3489_1 response to reactive oxygen species "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000309_2084_1 nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinamide nucleotide = diphosphate + NAD+." [EC:2.7.7.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000318_2084_1 protein-methionine-R-oxide reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine R-oxide + thioredoxin = L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide; can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the R enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin." [EC:1.8.4.-, PMID:11929995] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000335_3489_1 negative regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition." [GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000338_3489_1 protein deneddylation "The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000339_2084_1 RNA cap binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule." [GOC:krc] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000340_2084_1 RNA 7-methylguanosine cap binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 7-methylguanosine group added cotranscriptionally to the 5' end of RNA molecules transcribed by polymerase II." [GOC:krc] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000347_726_1 THO complex "The THO complex is a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The THO complex is also part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1p, Tho2p, Thp1p, and Mft1p, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits." [GOC:krc, PMID:11060033, PMID:11979277, PMID:16983072] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000375_3489_1 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions "Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000379_3489_1 tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage "RNA processing that begins when the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and ends when the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879695897] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000380_3489_1 alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome "The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition." [GOC:krc, PMID:12110900] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000381_3489_1 regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000387_3489_1 spliceosomal snRNP assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879695897] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000389_3489_1 mRNA 3'-splice site recognition "Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome." [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000390_3489_1 spliceosomal complex disassembly "Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure." [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000398_3489_1 mRNA splicing, via spliceosome "The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced." [GOC:krc, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0879695897] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0000400_2084_1 four-way junction DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices." [GOC:krc, ISBN:0815332181, PMID:15563464] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000403_2084_1 Y-form DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with segment of DNA shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end." [GOC:elh, PMID:16781730] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000404_2084_1 loop DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration." [GOC:elh, PMID:16781730] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000406_2084_1 double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA." [GOC:elh, PMID:16781730] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000407_726_1 pre-autophagosomal structure "A punctate structure localized in the vicinity of the vacuole that is required for the formation of autophagosomes." [GOC:elh, PMID:11689437, PMID:12048214, PMID:12554655] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000412_3489_1 histone peptidyl-prolyl isomerization "The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue." [GOC:krc] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000413_3489_1 protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization "The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue." [GOC:krc, PMID:16959570] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000421_726_1 autophagic vacuole membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagic vacuole, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered." [GOC:isa_complete] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000422_3489_1 mitochondrion degradation "The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions." [PMID:15798367] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000439_726_1 core TFIIH complex "The 5 subunit core of TFIIH that has tightly associated subunits and is found in both the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH and in the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad3, Tfb1, Tfb2, Ssl1, Tfb4. In humans, it is composed of XPD, p62, p55, p44, p34." [GOC:krc, PMID:14500720, PMID:7813015] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000447_3489_1 endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) "Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript." [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000461_3489_1 endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) "Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA." [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000462_3489_1 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) "Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript." [GOC:curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000463_3489_1 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) "Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript." [GOC:curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000475_3489_1 maturation of 2S rRNA "Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000502_726_1 proteasome complex "A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation. This complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core." [GOC:rb] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000578_3489_1 embryonic axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000703_2084_1 oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity "Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site." [GOC:elh, PMID:11554296] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000705_3489_1 achiasmate meiosis I "The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata." [GOC:elh, GOC:sart, PMID:10690419] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000706_3489_1 meiotic DNA double-strand break processing "The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis." [GOC:elh, PMID:9334324] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000710_3489_1 meiotic mismatch repair "A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis." [GOC:elh, PMID:10357855] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000711_3489_1 meiotic DNA repair synthesis "During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template." [GOC:elh, PMID:9334324] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000712_3489_1 resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates "The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged." [GOC:elh, PMID:11733053] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000722_3489_1 telomere maintenance via recombination "Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length." [GOC:elh, PMID:11850777] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000723_3489_1 telomere maintenance "Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences." [GOC:elh, PMID:11092831] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000724_3489_1 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination "The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule." [GOC:elh, PMID:10357855] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000731_3489_1 DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair "Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template." [PMID:10357855] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000732_3489_1 strand displacement "The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules." [PMID:10357855] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000733_3489_1 DNA strand renaturation "The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA." [GOC:elh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000737_3489_1 DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides." [GOC:elh, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0000738_3489_1 DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides." [GOC:elh, GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000774_2084_1 adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the hydrolysis and exchange of adenyl nucleotides by other proteins." [GOC:kd] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000775_726_1 chromosome, centromeric region "The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome." [GOC:elh, GOC:kmv] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000776_726_1 kinetochore "A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000777_726_1 condensed chromosome kinetochore "A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000780_726_1 condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region "The region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome." [GOC:elh, GOC:kmv] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000781_726_1 chromosome, telomeric region "The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000782_726_1 telomere cap complex "A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000784_726_1 nuclear chromosome, telomeric region "The terminal region of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000785_726_1 chromatin "The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome." [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000786_726_1 nucleosome "A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures." [GOC:elh] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000788_726_1 nuclear nucleosome "A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the nucleus into higher order structures." [GOC:elh] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000790_726_1 nuclear chromatin "The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus." [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000791_726_1 euchromatin "A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000792_726_1 heterochromatin "A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000793_726_1 condensed chromosome "A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000794_726_1 condensed nuclear chromosome "A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure that remains in the nucleus." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000795_726_1 synaptonemal complex "A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000796_726_1 condensin complex "A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation." [GOC:elh] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000805_726_1 X chromosome "The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0582227089] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000806_726_1 Y chromosome "The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0582227089] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000808_726_1 origin recognition complex "A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000811_726_1 GINS complex "A heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with replication origins, where it is required for the initiation of DNA replication, and with replication forks." [GOC:rb, GOC:rn, PMID:12730134, PMID:16990792, PMID:17467990] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000813_726_1 ESCRT I complex "An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes." [GOC:rb, PMID:12892785, PMID:12900393] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000819_3489_1 sister chromatid segregation "The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets." [GOC:ai, GOC:elh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000823_2084_1 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [MetaCyc:2.7.1.151-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000827_2084_1 inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown." [GOC:elh, PMID:11311242] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000828_2084_1 inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown." [GOC:elh, PMID:16429326] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000832_2084_1 inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate." [MetaCyc:2.7.1.152-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000900_2084_1 translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding "Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding to nucleic acid." [GOC:clt] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000902_3489_1 cell morphogenesis "The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized." [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000904_3489_1 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation "The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000910_3489_1 cytokinesis "A cellular process resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis usually occurs after growth, replication, and segregation of cellular components." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000915_3489_1 cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly "The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis." [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0000916_3489_1 actomyosin contractile ring contraction "The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle." [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000922_726_1 spindle pole "Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules." [GOC:clt] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000930_726_1 gamma-tubulin complex "A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species." [GOC:clt, PMID:12134075] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000931_726_1 gamma-tubulin large complex "A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12134075] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000932_726_1 cytoplasmic mRNA processing body "A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. mRNA processing and binding proteins are localized to these foci." [GOC:clt, PMID:12730603] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000940_726_1 condensed chromosome outer kinetochore "The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions." [GOC:clt, PMID:11483983] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000941_726_1 condensed nuclear chromosome inner kinetochore "The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome." [GOC:clt, PMID:10619130, PMID:1148398] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0000956_3489_1 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0000975_2084_1 regulatory region DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates a DNA-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000976_2084_1 transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon." [GOC:txnOH] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000977_2084_1 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000978_2084_1 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II." [GOC:txnOH] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000980_2084_1 RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) distal enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of some promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000981_2084_1 sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex." [GOC:txnOH] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000982_2084_1 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II." [GOC:txnOH] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000983_2084_1 RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to modulate transcription by Pol II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000987_2084_1 core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0000988_2084_1 protein binding transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001012_2084_1 RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding "Interacting selectively with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by RNA polymerase II. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001046_2084_1 core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001047_2084_1 core promoter binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001075_2084_1 RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to promote assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001077_2084_1 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001078_2084_1 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001085_2084_1 RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001092_2084_1 TFIIA-class transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor." [GOC:krc, PMID:16858867] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001093_2084_1 TFIIB-class transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor." [GOC:krc, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001094_2084_1 TFIID-class transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIID class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor." [GOC:krc, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001096_2084_1 TFIIF-class transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIF class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor." [GOC:krc, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001099_2084_1 basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II which is composed of the RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits, and the basal RNA polymerase II transcription factors, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001102_2084_1 RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription activating factor, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001103_2084_1 RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription repressing factor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription." [GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001104_2084_1 RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001105_2084_1 RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001106_2084_1 RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001111_3489_1 promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:15020047] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001113_3489_1 transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:15020047, PMID:18280161] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001128_2084_1 RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or stability of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC). Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001129_2084_1 TBP-class protein binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001158_2084_1 enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter." [GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001164_2084_1 RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:12865296, PMID:14969726, PMID:8057832] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001174_3489_1 transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:16826228, PMID:18846104] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001187_2084_1 RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor recruiting transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CORE element, a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery and also binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription factor to recruit it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:12381659, PMID:14969726, PMID:8057832] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001189_3489_1 RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly at the promoter for the nuclear large rRNA transcript "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on CORE promoter element DNA of the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript to form a transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from the large rRNA promoter, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of the large rRNA transcript." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:12381659, PMID:14969726, PMID:8057832] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001191_2084_1 RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:9811836] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001306_3489_1 age-dependent response to oxidative stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism." [GOC:jh, PMID:12044938] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001405_726_1 presequence translocase-associated import motor "Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the presequence translocase complex; hydrolyzes ATP to provide the force to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix." [GOC:mcc, PMID:14517234, PMID:14638855] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001507_3489_1 acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001508_3489_1 regulation of action potential "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. An action potential is a spike of membrane depolarization and repolarization that travels along the membrane of a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001510_3489_1 RNA methylation "Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor." [GOC:hjd] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001516_3489_1 prostaglandin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001518_726_1 voltage-gated sodium channel complex "A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001519_3489_1 peptide amidation "The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions." [PMID:11028916] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001522_3489_1 pseudouridine synthesis "The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs." [GOC:hjd, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001523_3489_1 retinoid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001525_3489_1 angiogenesis "Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels." [ISBN:0878932453] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001527_726_1 microfibril "Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins." [http://www.xrefer.com/entry/490235] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001530_2084_1 lipopolysaccharide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipopolysaccharide." [PMID:11079463] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001539_3489_1 ciliary or flagellar motility "Cell motility due to movement of cilia or flagella." [GOC:hjd] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001540_2084_1 beta-amyloid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-amyloid peptide/protein and/or its precursor." [GOC:hjd] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001541_3489_1 ovarian follicle development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001555_3489_1 oocyte growth "The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present." [http://ovary.stanford.edu] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001556_3489_1 oocyte maturation "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization." [GOC:devbiol, http://ovary.stanford.edu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001558_3489_1 regulation of cell growth "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0001570_3489_1 vasculogenesis "The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes." [PMID:8999798] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001578_3489_1 microtubule bundle formation "A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001580_3489_1 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste "The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001582_3489_1 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste "The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001586_2084_1 Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity "Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels." [GOC:mah, PMID:18571247] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001587_2084_1 Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity "Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:18571247, PMID:18703043] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001588_2084_1 dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gs "Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0953351033, IUPHAR_RECEPTOR:2252, IUPHAR_RECEPTOR:2260] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001591_2084_1 dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go "Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0953351033, IUPHAR_RECEPTOR:2254, IUPHAR_RECEPTOR:2256, IUPHAR_RECEPTOR:2258] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001607_2084_1 neuromedin U receptor activity "Combining with neuromedin U to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001609_2084_1 G-protein coupled adenosine receptor activity "Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:9755289] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001651_726_1 dense fibrillar component "A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins." [PMID:10754561] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001653_2084_1 peptide receptor activity "Combining with an extracellular or intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001654_3489_1 eye development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight." [GOC:jid, GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001661_3489_1 conditioned taste aversion "A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus." [GOC:dph, PMID:9920659] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001664_2084_1 G-protein coupled receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled receptor." [GOC:ceb, GOC:dph] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001666_3489_1 response to hypoxia "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level." [GOC:hjd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001669_726_1 acrosomal vesicle "A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome." [ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001671_2084_1 ATPase activator activity "Functions to increase the rate of ATP hydrolysis." [GOC:ajp] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001672_3489_1 regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001673_726_1 male germ cell nucleus "The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males." [CL:0000015, GOC:hjd, GOC:mtg_sensu] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001674_726_1 female germ cell nucleus "The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females." [CL:0000021, GOC:hjd] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001676_3489_1 long-chain fatty acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22." [CHEBI:15904, GOC:ajp] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001677_3489_1 formation of translation initiation ternary complex "Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator)." [GOC:hjd] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001682_3489_1 tRNA 5'-leader removal "Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P." [PMID:11592395] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001692_3489_1 histamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001694_3489_1 histamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001700_3489_1 embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001706_3489_1 endoderm formation "The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001707_3489_1 mesoderm formation "The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001708_3489_1 cell fate specification "The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001709_3489_1 cell fate determination "A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001710_3489_1 mesodermal cell fate commitment "The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001713_3489_1 ectodermal cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001715_3489_1 ectodermal cell fate specification "The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001725_726_1 stress fiber "A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber." [PMID:16651381] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001726_726_1 ruffle "Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork." [ISBN:0124325653] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0001727_2084_1 lipid kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a simple or complex lipid." [GOC:hjd] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001729_2084_1 ceramide kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.138] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001736_3489_1 establishment of planar polarity "Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates." [GOC:dph] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001737_3489_1 establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation "Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, PMID:11239465] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001738_3489_1 morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium "The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis." [GOC:dph] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001742_3489_1 oenocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001744_3489_1 optic lobe placode formation "Establishment of the optic placode, a thickened area of densely packed ectoderm cells directly overlying the optic vesicle in the early embryo. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:8402833] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001745_3489_1 compound eye morphogenesis "The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0001746_3489_1 Bolwig's organ morphogenesis "The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain." [http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/torstoll/tailess.htm#bolwigs, PMID:6185380] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001748_3489_1 optic lobe placode development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:8402833] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001751_3489_1 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0001752_3489_1 compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment "The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0001754_3489_1 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0001763_3489_1 morphogenesis of a branching structure "The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes." [ISBN:0721662544] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001764_3489_1 neuron migration "The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001784_2084_1 phosphotyrosine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated tyrosine residue within a protein." [PMID:14636584] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001837_3489_1 epithelial to mesenchymal transition "A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell." [GOC:dph, PMID:14701881] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001838_3489_1 embryonic epithelial tube formation "The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure." [GOC:dph, ISBN:0824072820] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001878_3489_1 response to yeast "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species." [PMID:14707091] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001882_2084_1 nucleoside binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC:hjd] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001888_2084_1 glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan." [EC:2.4.1.223] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001894_3489_1 tissue homeostasis "A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function." [GOC:add, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001895_3489_1 retina homeostasis "A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function." [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15365173, PMID:15365178] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001932_3489_1 regulation of protein phosphorylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein." [GOC:hjd] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001934_3489_1 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein." [GOC:hjd] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0001944_3489_1 vasculature development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism." [GOC:dph, UBERON:0002409] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0001952_3489_1 regulation of cell-matrix adhesion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix." [GOC:hjd] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0001963_3489_1 synaptic transmission, dopaminergic "The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001964_3489_1 startle response "An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0001965_2084_1 G-protein alpha-subunit binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide." [GOC:hjd] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0001973_3489_1 adenosine receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:dph] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0002009_3489_1 morphogenesis of an epithelium "The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0002011_3489_1 morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet "The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002027_3489_1 regulation of heart rate "Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:10358008] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002028_3489_1 regulation of sodium ion transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002039_2084_1 p53 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one of the p53 family of proteins." [GOC:hjd] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0002046_2084_1 opsin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opsin, any of a group of hydrophobic, integral membrane glycoproteins located primarily in the disc membrane of rods or cones, involved in photoreception." [GOC:hjd] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0002052_3489_1 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation "Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002064_3489_1 epithelial cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002083_2084_1 4-hydroxybenzoate decaprenyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate." [MetaCyc:RXN-9230] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0002084_3489_1 protein depalmitoylation "The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein." [GOC:hjd] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0002092_3489_1 positive regulation of receptor internalization "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization." [GOC:hjd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002098_3489_1 tRNA wobble uridine modification "The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified." [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0002102_726_1 podosome "An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm." [PMID:12837608, PMID:15890982] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0002115_3489_1 store-operated calcium entry "A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:hjd, PMID:11120592, PMID:17956991] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002118_3489_1 aggressive behavior "A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual." [GOC:hjd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002121_3489_1 inter-male aggressive behavior "Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious." [GOC:hjd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002151_2084_1 G-quadruplex RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-quadruplex RNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad." [PMID:18294969, PMID:18568163, PMID:19330720] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0002161_2084_1 aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity "The hydrolysis of an incorrectly aminoacylated tRNA." [GOC:hjd, PMID:14663147, PMID:16087889] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0002164_3489_1 larval development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0877795088] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002165_3489_1 instar larval or pupal development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0002168_3489_1 instar larval development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0002213_3489_1 defense response to insect "A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002218_3489_1 activation of innate immune response "Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_15nov05, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967, PMID:16177805] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002221_3489_1 pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway "Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface or intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0002227_3489_1 innate immune response in mucosa "Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues." [GOC:add, PMID:10719665, PMID:15971105] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002253_3489_1 activation of immune response "Any process that initiates an immune response." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_15nov05, ISBN:0781735149] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002385_3489_1 mucosal immune response "An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jal, GOC:mtg_15nov05, ISBN:0781735149] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002433_3489_1 immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis "An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_15nov05, ISBN:0781735149] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0002752_3489_1 cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway "Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0002759_3489_1 regulation of antimicrobial humoral response "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002775_3489_1 antimicrobial peptide production "The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:11807545, PMID:15638771] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002781_3489_1 antifungal peptide production "The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:11807545, PMID:15638771] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002784_3489_1 regulation of antimicrobial peptide production "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002790_3489_1 peptide secretion "The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002793_3489_1 positive regulation of peptide secretion "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002804_3489_1 positive regulation of antifungal peptide production "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production." [GOC:add] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0002805_3489_1 regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002807_3489_1 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002814_3489_1 negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0002920_3489_1 regulation of humoral immune response "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003007_3489_1 heart morphogenesis "The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003009_3489_1 skeletal muscle contraction "A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control." [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003012_3489_1 muscle system process "A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers." [GOC:mtg_cardio] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003014_3489_1 renal system process "A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system is responsible for fluid volume regulation and detoxification in an organism." [GOC:cjm, GOC:mtg_cardio] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003015_3489_1 heart process "A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood." [GOC:mtg_cardio] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003031_3489_1 detection of carbon dioxide "The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:mtg_cardio] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0003096_3489_1 renal sodium ion transport "The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the kidney." [GOC:mtg_cardio] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003136_3489_1 negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any canonical Wnt receptor signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction." [GOC:mtg_heart, PMID:19862329] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003151_3489_1 outflow tract morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries." [GOC:mtg_heart, UBERON:0004145] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0003331_3489_1 positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003333_3489_1 amino acid transmembrane transport "The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0003382_3489_1 epithelial cell morphogenesis "The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0003383_3489_1 apical constriction "The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003402_3489_1 planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003407_3489_1 neural retina development "The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0003674_2084_1 molecular_function "Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions." [GOC:go_curators] ND molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003676_2084_1 nucleic acid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003677_2084_1 DNA binding "Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003678_2084_1 DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA helix." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003680_2084_1 AT DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oligo(A) and oligo(T) tracts of DNA (AT DNA)." [GOC:jl, PMID:2670564] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003681_2084_1 bent DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA in a bent conformation." [GOC:jl, PMID:12627977] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003682_2084_1 chromatin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:20404130] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003684_2084_1 damaged DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003689_2084_1 DNA clamp loader activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their closing around the DNA duplex." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:16082778] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003690_2084_1 double-stranded DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA." [GOC:elh] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003696_2084_1 satellite DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA." [GOC:jl, SO:0000005] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003697_2084_1 single-stranded DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA." [GOC:elh] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003700_2084_1 sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex." [GOC:curators, GOC:txnOH] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003705_2084_1 RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003707_2084_1 steroid hormone receptor activity "Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function." [GOC:signaling, PMID:14708019] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003708_2084_1 retinoic acid receptor activity "Combining with retinoic acid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Retinoic acid is one of the forms of vitamin A." [GOC:signaling, PMID:1328967] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003712_2084_1 transcription cofactor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003713_2084_1 transcription coactivator activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003714_2084_1 transcription corepressor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repressing transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003723_2084_1 RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003724_2084_1 RNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a RNA helix." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003725_2084_1 double-stranded RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded RNA." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003726_2084_1 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a double-stranded RNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003727_2084_1 single-stranded RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded RNA." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003729_2084_1 mRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns." [GOC:kmv, SO:0000234] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003730_2084_1 mRNA 3'-UTR binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003735_2084_1 structural constituent of ribosome "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003743_2084_1 translation initiation factor activity "Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003746_2084_1 translation elongation factor activity "Functions in chain elongation during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003747_2084_1 translation release factor activity "Involved in catalyzing the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003755_2084_1 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0)." [EC:5.2.1.8] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003756_2084_1 protein disulfide isomerase activity "Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins." [EC:5.3.4.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003774_2084_1 motor activity "Catalysis of movement along a polymeric molecule such as a microfilament or microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003777_2084_1 microtubule motor activity "Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003779_2084_1 actin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments." [GOC:clt] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003785_2084_1 actin monomer binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric actin, also known as G-actin." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003796_2084_1 lysozyme activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins." [EC:3.2.1.17] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003810_2084_1 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links." [EC:2.3.2.13, RESID:AA0124] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003823_2084_1 antigen binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0721662544] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003824_2084_1 catalytic activity "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003825_2084_1 alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate." [EC:2.4.1.15] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003827_2084_1 alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H(+) + UDP." [EC:2.4.1.101, RHEA:11459] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003830_2084_1 beta-1,4-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R." [EC:2.4.1.144] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003832_2084_1 beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:12957543] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003833_2084_1 beta-alanyl-dopamine synthase activity "Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl-dopamine from the precursor dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine)." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:12957543] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003834_2084_1 beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O(2) = 2 retinal." [EC:1.14.99.36, RHEA:10407] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003835_2084_1 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine." [EC:2.4.99.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003837_2084_1 beta-ureidopropionase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3." [EC:3.5.1.6] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003839_2084_1 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid." [EC:2.3.2.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003840_2084_1 gamma-glutamyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = peptide + 5-L-glutamyl-amino acid." [EC:2.3.2.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003841_2084_1 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate." [EC:2.3.1.51] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003842_2084_1 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O = L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)." [EC:1.5.1.12] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003843_2084_1 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1)." [EC:2.4.1.34] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003844_2084_1 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain." [EC:2.4.1.18] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003847_2084_1 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate." [EC:3.1.1.47] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003851_2084_1 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine." [EC:2.4.1.45] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003854_2084_1 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H(+)." [EC:1.1.1.145] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003857_2084_1 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H(+)." [EC:1.1.1.35] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003858_2084_1 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = acetoacetate + H(+) + NADH." [EC:1.1.1.30, RHEA:20524] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003860_2084_1 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate." [EC:3.1.2.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003863_2084_1 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2." [EC:1.2.4.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003865_2084_1 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.3.99.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003867_2084_1 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid." [EC:2.6.1.19, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003868_2084_1 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2." [EC:1.13.11.27] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003869_2084_1 4-nitrophenylphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenyl phosphate + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.41] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003870_2084_1 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H(+) + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO(2) + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.37, RHEA:12924] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003872_2084_1 6-phosphofructokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate." [EC:2.7.1.11] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003873_2084_1 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.105, RHEA:15656] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003874_2084_1 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H(+) + triphosphate." [EC:4.2.3.12, RHEA:22051] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003876_2084_1 AMP deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3." [EC:3.5.4.6] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003878_2084_1 ATP citrate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H(+) + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA." [EC:2.3.3.8, RHEA:21163] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003881_2084_1 CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H(+)." [EC:2.7.8.11, RHEA:11583] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003882_2084_1 CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine." [EC:2.7.8.8] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003883_2084_1 CTP synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + NH3 = ADP + phosphate + CTP." [EC:6.3.4.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003884_2084_1 D-amino-acid oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.4.3.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003886_2084_1 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine." [EC:2.1.1.37] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003887_2084_1 DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and primer." [EC:2.7.7.7, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003896_2084_1 DNA primase activity "Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases. Catalyzed by a DNA-directed RNA polymerase that forms a complex with alpha DNA polymerase." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716720094] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003899_2084_1 DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'." [EC:2.7.7.6] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003904_2084_1 deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light." [EC:4.1.99.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003906_2084_1 DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity "Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate." [EC:4.2.99.18] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003908_2084_1 methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine." [EC:2.1.1.63] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003909_2084_1 DNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+." [ISBN:0716720094] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003910_2084_1 DNA ligase (ATP) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m)." [EC:6.5.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003913_2084_1 DNA photolyase activity "Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA." [GOC:mah, PMID:11124949] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003914_2084_1 DNA (6-4) photolyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA." [GOC:mah, PMID:11124949] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003916_2084_1 DNA topoisomerase activity "Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA." [GOC:mah, PMID:8811192] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003917_2084_1 DNA topoisomerase type I activity "Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle." [PMID:8811192] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003918_2084_1 DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2." [PMID:8811192] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003919_2084_1 FMN adenylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + FMN = diphosphate + FAD." [EC:2.7.7.2, RHEA:17240] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003921_2084_1 GMP synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + GMP." [EC:6.3.4.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003922_2084_1 GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xanthosine 5'-phosphate + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate." [EC:6.3.5.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003923_2084_1 GPI-anchor transamidase activity "Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor." [ISBN:0471331309] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003924_2084_1 GTPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003934_2084_1 GTP cyclohydrolase I activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate." [EC:3.5.4.16] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003937_2084_1 IMP cyclohydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide." [EC:3.5.4.10] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003938_2084_1 IMP dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.205] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003939_2084_1 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.14] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003940_2084_1 L-iduronidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate." [EC:3.2.1.76] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003943_2084_1 N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate." [EC:3.1.6.12] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003948_2084_1 N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H(2)O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)." [EC:3.5.1.26, RHEA:11547] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003950_2084_1 NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor." [EC:2.4.2.30] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003951_2084_1 NAD+ kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD(+) = ADP + 2 H(+) + NADP(+)." [EC:2.7.1.23, RHEA:18632] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003952_2084_1 NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate." [EC:6.3.5.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003954_2084_1 NADH dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.6.99.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003956_2084_1 NAD(P)+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-arginine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine." [EC:2.4.2.31] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003958_2084_1 NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + n oxidized hemoprotein = NADP+ + n reduced hemoprotein." [EC:1.6.2.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003959_2084_1 NADPH dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone acceptor = NADP+ + hydroquinone." [EC:1.6.99.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003963_2084_1 RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate." [EC:6.5.1.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003964_2084_1 RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time." [EC:2.7.7.49] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003972_2084_1 RNA ligase (ATP) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m)." [EC:6.5.1.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003973_2084_1 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = 2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.1.3.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003975_2084_1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol." [EC:2.7.8.15] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003977_2084_1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine." [EC:2.7.7.23, RHEA:13512] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003978_2084_1 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose." [EC:5.1.3.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003979_2084_1 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate." [EC:1.1.1.22, RHEA:23599] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003980_2084_1 UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins." [GOC:al, PMID:10764828] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003983_2084_1 UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-glucose." [EC:2.7.7.9, RHEA:19892] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003985_2084_1 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA." [EC:2.3.1.9] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003987_2084_1 acetate-CoA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA." [EC:6.2.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003988_2084_1 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA." [EC:2.3.1.16] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003989_2084_1 acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA." [EC:6.4.1.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003990_2084_1 acetylcholinesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate." [EC:3.1.1.7] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003993_2084_1 acid phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum." [EC:3.1.3.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003994_2084_1 aconitate hydratase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, and cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate." [EC:4.2.1.3, GOC:pde, GOC:vw] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003995_2084_1 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.3.99.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003997_2084_1 acyl-CoA oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.3.3.6] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003998_2084_1 acylphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl phosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.7] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0003999_2084_1 adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate." [EC:2.4.2.7] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004000_2084_1 adenosine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3." [EC:3.5.4.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004001_2084_1 adenosine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenosine = ADP + AMP." [EC:2.7.1.20, PMID:11223943] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004003_2084_1 ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of the DNA helix." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004004_2084_1 ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of an RNA helix." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004008_2084_1 copper-exporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out)." [EC:3.6.3.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004012_2084_1 phospholipid-translocating ATPase activity "Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other (phospolipid 'flippase' activity), driven by the hydrolysis of ATP." [EC:3.6.3.1, PMID:15919184, PMID:9099684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004013_2084_1 adenosylhomocysteinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine." [EC:3.3.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004014_2084_1 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(+) = S-adenosylmethioninamine + CO(2)." [EC:4.1.1.50, RHEA:15984] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004016_2084_1 adenylate cyclase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate." [EC:4.6.1.1] ISM molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004017_2084_1 adenylate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + AMP = 2 ADP." [EC:2.7.4.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004018_2084_1 N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP." [EC:4.3.2.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004019_2084_1 adenylosuccinate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.4.4, RHEA:15756] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004020_2084_1 adenylylsulfate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate." [EC:2.7.1.25] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004021_2084_1 L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate." [EC:2.6.1.2, RHEA:19456] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004022_2084_1 alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004029_2084_1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.3] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004030_2084_1 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.2.1.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004032_2084_1 alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.21] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004034_2084_1 aldose 1-epimerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose." [EC:5.1.3.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004035_2084_1 alkaline phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum." [EC:3.1.3.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004038_2084_1 allantoinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: allantoin + H2O = allantoate." [EC:3.5.2.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004040_2084_1 amidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH3." [EC:3.5.1.4] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004044_2084_1 amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H(2)O." [EC:2.4.2.14, RHEA:14908] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004045_2084_1 aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-substituted aminoacyl-tRNA + H2O = N-substituted amino acid + tRNA." [EC:3.1.1.29] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004046_2084_1 aminoacylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = a carboxylate + an L-amino acid." [EC:3.5.1.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004047_2084_1 aminomethyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein." [EC:2.1.2.10] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004053_2084_1 arginase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-ornithine + urea." [EC:3.5.3.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004054_2084_1 arginine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.3.3, RHEA:22943] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004055_2084_1 argininosuccinate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate." [EC:6.3.4.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004056_2084_1 argininosuccinate lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-(L-arginino)succinate = fumarate + L-arginine." [EC:4.3.2.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004057_2084_1 arginyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-arginyl-protein." [EC:2.3.2.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004058_2084_1 aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan = tryptamine + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.28] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004059_2084_1 aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an aralkylamine = CoA + an N-acetylaralkylamine." [EC:2.3.1.87] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004060_2084_1 arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine." [EC:2.3.1.5] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004062_2084_1 aryl sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate." [EC:2.8.2.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004063_2084_1 aryldialkylphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol." [EC:3.1.8.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004066_2084_1 asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate." [EC:6.3.5.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004067_2084_1 asparaginase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H2O = L-aspartate + NH3." [EC:3.5.1.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004068_2084_1 aspartate 1-decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = beta-alanine + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.11] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004069_2084_1 L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004070_2084_1 aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+) + phosphate." [EC:2.1.3.2, RHEA:20016] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004074_2084_1 biliverdin reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.3.1.24] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004075_2084_1 biotin carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein." [EC:6.3.4.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004077_2084_1 biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming))." [EC:6.3.4.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004080_2084_1 biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming))." [EC:6.3.4.10] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004081_2084_1 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate." [EC:3.6.1.17, PMID:4955726] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004084_2084_1 branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid." [EC:2.6.1.42, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004087_2084_1 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + CO(2) + H(2)O + NH(4)(+) = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 5 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.4.16, RHEA:10627] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004088_2084_1 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate." [EC:6.3.5.5] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004089_2084_1 carbonate dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004090_2084_1 carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHOH-R' + NADP+ = R-CO-R' + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.184] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004091_2084_1 carboxylesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion." [EC:3.1.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004092_2084_1 carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.7, RHEA:21139] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004095_2084_1 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine." [EC:2.3.1.21] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004096_2084_1 catalase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydrogen peroxide = O2 + 2 H2O." [EC:1.11.1.6] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004097_2084_1 catechol oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 catechol + O2 = 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O." [EC:1.10.3.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004099_2084_1 chitin deacetylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate." [EC:3.5.1.41] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004100_2084_1 chitin synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n) = UDP + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n+1)." [EC:2.4.1.16] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004102_2084_1 choline O-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.6, RHEA:18824] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004103_2084_1 choline kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.32, RHEA:12840] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004104_2084_1 cholinesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion." [EC:3.1.1.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004105_2084_1 choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline." [EC:2.7.7.15] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004108_2084_1 citrate (Si)-synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group." [EC:2.3.3.1, ISBN:0121227073] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004109_2084_1 coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H(+) + O(2) = 2 CO(2) + 2 H(2)O + protoporphyrinogen IX." [EC:1.3.3.3, RHEA:18260] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004114_2084_1 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate." [EC:3.1.4.17] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004115_2084_1 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004117_2084_1 calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is regulated by calmodulin." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004122_2084_1 cystathionine beta-synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.22] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004123_2084_1 cystathionine gamma-lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+." [RHEA:24918] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004126_2084_1 cytidine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3." [EC:3.5.4.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004127_2084_1 cytidylate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)CMP = ADP + (d)CDP." [EC:2.7.4.14] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004128_2084_1 cytochrome-b5 reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5)." [EC:1.6.2.2, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004129_2084_1 cytochrome-c oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O." [EC:1.9.3.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004131_2084_1 cytosine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3." [EC:3.5.4.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004132_2084_1 dCMP deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dCMP + H2O = dUMP + NH3." [EC:3.5.4.12] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004134_2084_1 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan." [EC:2.4.1.25] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004135_2084_1 amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin. Limit dextrin is the highly branched core that remains after exhaustive treatment of glycogen with glycogen phosphorylase. It is formed because these enzymes cannot hydrolyze the (1->6) glycosidic linkages present." [EC:3.2.1.33, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004139_2084_1 deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde." [EC:4.1.2.4, RHEA:12824] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004140_2084_1 dephospho-CoA kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-dephospho-CoA + ATP = ADP + CoA + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.24, RHEA:18248] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004142_2084_1 diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylcholine." [EC:2.7.8.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004143_2084_1 diacylglycerol kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 1,2-diacylglycerol = NDP + 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.107, GOC:elh] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004144_2084_1 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol." [EC:2.3.1.20] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004146_2084_1 dihydrofolate reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.5.1.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004147_2084_1 dihydrolipoamide branched chain acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acyldihydrolipoamide, where the acyl group is a branched chain." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004148_2084_1 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+." [EC:1.8.1.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004149_2084_1 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-succinyldihydrolipoamide." [EC:2.3.1.61] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004151_2084_1 dihydroorotase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + H(2)O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+)." [EC:3.5.2.3, RHEA:24299] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004152_2084_1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate." [EC:1.3.5.2, RHEA:18076] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004153_2084_1 dihydropterin deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydropterin + H2O = 7,8-dihydrolumazine + NH3." [FB:FBrf0039640, GOC:jl, http://www.abbs.info/fulltxt/eng/35030306.htm, ISSN:05829879] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004155_2084_1 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine = NADPH + H+ + 6,7-dihydropteridine." [EC:1.5.1.34] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004157_2084_1 dihydropyrimidinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropionate." [EC:3.5.2.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004158_2084_1 dihydroorotate oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + O(2) = H(2)O(2) + orotate." [EC:1.3.3.1, RHEA:15444] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004159_2084_1 dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NAD+ = uracil + NADH + H+." [EC:1.3.1.1] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004161_2084_1 dimethylallyltranstransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate." [EC:2.5.1.1] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004163_2084_1 diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO(2) + H(+) + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate." [EC:4.1.1.33, RHEA:23735] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004164_2084_1 diphthine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine." [EC:2.1.1.98] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004165_2084_1 dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cis-dodecenoyl-CoA = 2-trans-dodecenoyl-CoA." [EC:5.3.3.8] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004167_2084_1 dopachrome isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate." [EC:5.3.3.12, RHEA:13044] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004168_2084_1 dolichol kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.108] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004169_2084_1 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein." [EC:2.4.1.109] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004170_2084_1 dUTP diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + diphosphate." [EC:3.6.1.23] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004174_2084_1 electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ETF + ubiquinone = ETF + ubiquinol." [EC:1.5.5.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004175_2084_1 endopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain." [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004176_2084_1 ATP-dependent peptidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the hydrolysis of peptide bonds." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004177_2084_1 aminopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal amino acid residues from in a polypeptide chain." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004180_2084_1 carboxypeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal or penultimate peptide bond at the C-terminal end of a peptide or polypeptide." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004181_2084_1 metallocarboxypeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions." [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CARBOXYPEPTIDASE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004185_2084_1 serine-type carboxypeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine)." [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CARBOXYPEPTIDASE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, ISBN:0716720094] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004190_2084_1 aspartic-type endopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004197_2084_1 cysteine-type endopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004198_2084_1 calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004221_2084_1 ubiquitin thiolesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ubiquitin C-terminal thiolester + H2O = ubiquitin + a thiol. Hydrolysis of esters, including those formed between thiols such as dithiothreitol or glutathione and the C-terminal glycine residue of the polypeptide ubiquitin, and AMP-ubiquitin." [EC:3.1.2.15] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004222_2084_1 metalloendopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004252_2084_1 serine-type endopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine)." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, ISBN:0716720094] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004298_2084_1 threonine-type endopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004300_2084_1 enoyl-CoA hydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.17] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004301_2084_1 epoxide hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an epoxide + H2O = a glycol." [EC:3.3.2.10] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004303_2084_1 estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NADP+ = estrone + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.62] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004305_2084_1 ethanolamine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ethanolamine = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphoethanolamine." [EC:2.7.1.82, RHEA:13072] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004306_2084_1 ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + ethanolamine phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-ethanolamine." [EC:2.7.7.14] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004307_2084_1 ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine." [EC:2.7.8.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004311_2084_1 farnesyltranstransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate." [EC:2.5.1.29, RHEA:17656] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004312_2084_1 fatty acid synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+." [EC:2.3.1.85] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004313_2084_1 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein]." [EC:2.3.1.38] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004314_2084_1 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein]." [EC:2.3.1.39] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004315_2084_1 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein]." [EC:2.3.1.41] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004316_2084_1 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.100] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004317_2084_1 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.61] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004319_2084_1 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.3.1.10] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004320_2084_1 oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + oleate." [EC:3.1.2.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004321_2084_1 fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+." [EC:2.3.1.86] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004322_2084_1 ferroxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O." [EC:1.16.3.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004324_2084_1 ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.18.1.2, GOC:kd] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004325_2084_1 ferrochelatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme = Fe(2+) + protoporphyrin IX." [EC:4.99.1.1, RHEA:22587] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004326_2084_1 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1)." [EC:6.3.2.17] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004329_2084_1 formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate." [EC:6.3.4.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004331_2084_1 fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose-6-phosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.46] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004332_2084_1 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate." [EC:4.1.2.13] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004333_2084_1 fumarate hydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate = fumarate + H(2)O." [EC:4.2.1.2, RHEA:12463] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004334_2084_1 fumarylacetoacetase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H(2)O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)." [EC:3.7.1.2, RHEA:10247] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004335_2084_1 galactokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + ATP = alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.6, RHEA:13556] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004337_2084_1 geranyltranstransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate." [EC:2.5.1.10, RHEA:19364] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004342_2084_1 glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(2)O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH(4)(+)." [EC:3.5.99.6, RHEA:12175] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004343_2084_1 glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+)." [EC:2.3.1.4, RHEA:10295] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004344_2084_1 glucose dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.1.99.10] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004345_2084_1 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.49] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004346_2084_1 glucose-6-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.9, RHEA:16692] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004347_2084_1 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate." [EC:5.3.1.9] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004348_2084_1 glucosylceramidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine." [EC:3.2.1.45] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004349_2084_1 glutamate 5-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H(+)." [EC:2.7.2.11, RHEA:14880] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004350_2084_1 glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH." [EC:1.2.1.41, RHEA:19544] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004351_2084_1 glutamate decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.15] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004352_2084_1 glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+." [EC:1.4.1.2] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004353_2084_1 glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.4.1.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004355_2084_1 glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H(+) + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.4.1.13, RHEA:15504] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004356_2084_1 glutamate-ammonia ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NH(4)(+) = L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.1.2, RHEA:16172] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004357_2084_1 glutamate-cysteine ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.2.2, RHEA:13288] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004359_2084_1 glutaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3." [EC:3.5.1.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004360_2084_1 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.16, RHEA:13240] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004361_2084_1 glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + acceptor = crotonoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.3.99.7] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004362_2084_1 glutathione-disulfide reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.8.1.7, ISBN:0198506732] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004363_2084_1 glutathione synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.2.3, RHEA:13560] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004364_2084_1 glutathione transferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group." [EC:2.5.1.18] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004365_2084_1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.12] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004366_2084_1 glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate." [EC:2.3.1.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004367_2084_1 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD+ = glycerone phosphate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004368_2084_1 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol." [EC:1.1.5.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004370_2084_1 glycerol kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.30, RHEA:21647] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004372_2084_1 glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine." [EC:2.1.2.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004373_2084_1 glycogen (starch) synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UDP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1)." [EC:2.4.1.11] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004375_2084_1 glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + lipoylprotein = S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2." [EC:1.4.4.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004376_2084_1 glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004379_2084_1 glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycyl-peptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycyl-peptide." [EC:2.3.1.97] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004382_2084_1 guanosine-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.42, PMID:2989286] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004383_2084_1 guanylate cyclase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate." [EC:4.6.1.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004385_2084_1 guanylate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP." [EC:2.7.4.8] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004386_2084_1 helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004392_2084_1 heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: heme + 3 donor-H2 + 3 O2 = biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + 3 acceptor + 3 H2O." [EC:1.14.99.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004394_2084_1 heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate." [PMID:9153262] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004395_2084_1 hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate." [EC:2.1.1.114] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004396_2084_1 hexokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004398_2084_1 histidine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.22] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004402_2084_1 histone acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetyl-histone." [EC:2.3.1.48] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004407_2084_1 histone deacetylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes." [EC:3.5.1.-, PMID:9893272] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004408_2084_1 holocytochrome-c synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: holocytochrome c = apocytochrome c + heme." [EC:4.4.1.17] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004411_2084_1 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + O(2) = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H(+)." [EC:1.13.11.5, RHEA:15452] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004415_2084_1 hyalurononglucosaminidase activity "Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate." [EC:3.2.1.35] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004416_2084_1 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate." [EC:3.1.2.6] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004418_2084_1 hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH(4)(+)." [EC:2.5.1.61, RHEA:13188] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004419_2084_1 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA." [EC:4.1.3.4, RHEA:24407] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004420_2084_1 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP(+) = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH." [EC:1.1.1.34, RHEA:15992] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004421_2084_1 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)." [EC:2.3.3.10, RHEA:10191] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004423_2084_1 iduronate-2-sulfatase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin." [EC:3.1.6.13] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004427_2084_1 inorganic diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H(2)O = H(+) + 2 phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.1, RHEA:24579] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004430_2084_1 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.67, RHEA:19880] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004435_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(+)." [EC:3.1.4.11, RHEA:23915] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004438_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.64] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004439_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.36, RHEA:22767] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004441_2084_1 inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.57, GOC:hb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004445_2084_1 inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.56] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004449_2084_1 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.41] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004450_2084_1 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.42] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004452_2084_1 isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate." [EC:5.3.3.2, RHEA:23287] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004453_2084_1 juvenile-hormone esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone." [EC:3.1.1.59, EMBL:AF304352] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004454_2084_1 ketohexokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004459_2084_1 L-lactate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.27] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004462_2084_1 lactoylglutathione lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal." [EC:4.4.1.5, RHEA:19072] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004463_2084_1 leukotriene-A4 hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + leukotriene A(4) = leukotriene B(4)." [EC:3.3.2.6, RHEA:22327] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004465_2084_1 lipoprotein lipase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate." [EC:3.1.1.34] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004466_2084_1 long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ETF = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced ETF." [EC:1.3.99.13] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004467_2084_1 long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22." [CHEBI:15904, EC:6.2.1.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004468_2084_1 lysine N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + L-lysine = phosphate + N6-acetyl-L-lysine." [EC:2.3.1.32] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004470_2084_1 malic enzyme activity "Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of malate with the concomitant production of pyruvate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004473_2084_1 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+. Also decarboxylates oxaloacetate." [EC:1.1.1.40] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004475_2084_1 mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose." [EC:2.7.7.13, RHEA:15232] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004476_2084_1 mannose-6-phosphate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate." [EC:5.3.1.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004477_2084_1 methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = 10-formyltetrahydrofolate." [EC:3.5.4.9] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004478_2084_1 methionine adenosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine." [EC:2.5.1.6] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004479_2084_1 methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA." [EC:2.1.2.9] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004482_2084_1 mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine." [EC:2.1.1.56] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004483_2084_1 mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine." [EC:2.1.1.57] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004484_2084_1 mRNA guanylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue." [EC:2.7.7.50] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004485_2084_1 methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + ATP + bicarbonate = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.4.1.4, RHEA:13592] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004486_2084_1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.5.1.-, EC:1.5.1.15] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004487_2084_1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH." [EC:1.5.1.15, RHEA:22895] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004488_2084_1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH." [EC:1.5.1.5, RHEA:22815] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004489_2084_1 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.5.1.20] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004491_2084_1 methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.27] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004496_2084_1 mevalonate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.36, RHEA:17068] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004497_2084_1 monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water." [http://www.onelook.com/, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004499_2084_1 N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O." [EC:1.14.13.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004500_2084_1 dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O(2) = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H(2)O." [EC:1.14.17.1, RHEA:19120] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004501_2084_1 ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O(2) = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H(2)O." [EC:1.14.99.22, RHEA:14024] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004502_2084_1 kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H(2)O + NADP(+)." [EC:1.14.13.9, RHEA:20548] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004503_2084_1 monophenol monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O." [EC:1.14.18.1, GOC:bf, GOC:sart, PMID:4965136] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004504_2084_1 peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O." [EC:1.14.17.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004505_2084_1 phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin." [EC:1.14.16.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004510_2084_1 tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O." [EC:1.14.16.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004511_2084_1 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O." [EC:1.14.16.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004512_2084_1 inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form." [EC:5.5.1.4, RHEA:10719] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004514_2084_1 nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CO(2) + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+) + quinolinate." [EC:2.4.2.19, RHEA:12736] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004516_2084_1 nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H(+) + nicotinate." [EC:2.4.2.11, RHEA:13396] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004517_2084_1 nitric-oxide synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+." [EC:1.14.13.39] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004518_2084_1 nuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004519_2084_1 endonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004520_2084_1 endodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004521_2084_1 endoribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004523_2084_1 ribonuclease H activity "Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids to 5'-phosphomonoesters." [EC:3.1.26.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004525_2084_1 ribonuclease III activity "Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt." [PMID:11157775, PMID:15242644] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004526_2084_1 ribonuclease P activity "Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor." [EC:3.1.26.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004527_2084_1 exonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004531_2084_1 deoxyribonuclease II activity "Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products." [EC:3.1.22.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004534_2084_1 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004535_2084_1 poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP." [EC:3.1.13.4, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004536_2084_1 deoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004540_2084_1 ribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004550_2084_1 nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate." [EC:2.7.4.6] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004552_2084_1 octanol dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD(+) = 1-octanal + H(+) + NADH." [EC:1.1.1.73, RHEA:24623] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004553_2084_1 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004555_2084_1 alpha,alpha-trehalase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose." [EC:3.2.1.28] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004556_2084_1 alpha-amylase activity "Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units." [EC:3.2.1.1] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004557_2084_1 alpha-galactosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactohydrolase." [EC:3.2.1.22] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004558_2084_1 alpha-glucosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose." [EC:3.2.1.20] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004559_2084_1 alpha-mannosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides." [EC:3.2.1.24] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004560_2084_1 alpha-L-fucosidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose." [EC:3.2.1.51] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004561_2084_1 alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides." [EC:3.2.1.50] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004563_2084_1 beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides." [EC:3.2.1.52] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004565_2084_1 beta-galactosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides." [EC:3.2.1.23] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004566_2084_1 beta-glucuronidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate." [EC:3.2.1.31] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004567_2084_1 beta-mannosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides." [EC:3.2.1.25] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004568_2084_1 chitinase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins." [EC:3.2.1.14, GOC:bf, GOC:kah, GOC:pde, PMID:11468293] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004571_2084_1 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the oligo-mannose oligosaccharide Man(9)(GlcNAc)(2)." [EC:3.2.1.113] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004572_2084_1 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3)." [EC:3.2.1.114] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004573_2084_1 mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase activity "Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)." [EC:3.2.1.106] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004574_2084_1 oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose." [EC:3.2.1.10] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004576_2084_1 oligosaccharyl transferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004579_2084_1 dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine." [EC:2.4.1.119] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004581_2084_1 dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate." [EC:2.4.1.117] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004582_2084_1 dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate." [EC:2.4.1.83] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004586_2084_1 ornithine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + H(+) = CO(2) + putrescine." [EC:4.1.1.17, RHEA:22967] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004587_2084_1 ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid." [EC:2.6.1.13] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004588_2084_1 orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate." [EC:2.4.2.10] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004590_2084_1 orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + orotidine 5'-phosphate = CO(2) + UMP." [EC:4.1.1.23, RHEA:11599] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004591_2084_1 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + lipoamide = S-succinyldihydrolipoamide + CO2." [EC:1.2.4.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004594_2084_1 pantothenate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantothenate = ADP + D-4'-phosphopantothenate." [EC:2.7.1.33] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004595_2084_1 pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = 3'-dephospho-CoA + diphosphate." [EC:2.7.7.3, RHEA:19804] ISA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004596_2084_1 peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein." [EC:2.3.1.88, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004597_2084_1 peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptide L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptide 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2." [EC:1.14.11.16] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004598_2084_1 peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate." [EC:4.3.2.5] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004601_2084_1 peroxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: donor + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized donor + 2 H2O." [EC:1.11.1.7] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004602_2084_1 glutathione peroxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O." [EC:1.11.1.9] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004605_2084_1 phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol." [EC:2.7.7.41] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004607_2084_1 phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine." [EC:2.3.1.43] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004609_2084_1 phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + phosphatidyl-L-serine = CO(2) + phosphatidylethanolamine." [EC:4.1.1.65, RHEA:20831] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004610_2084_1 phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate." [EC:5.4.2.3, RHEA:23807] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004611_2084_1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products." [EC:4.1.1.-] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004613_2084_1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + oxaloacetate = GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.32] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004614_2084_1 phosphoglucomutase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate." [EC:5.4.2.2] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004615_2084_1 phosphomannomutase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = D-mannose 6-phosphate." [EC:5.4.2.8, RHEA:11143] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004616_2084_1 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.44] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004617_2084_1 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoglycerate + NAD+ = 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.95] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004618_2084_1 phosphoglycerate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H(+)." [EC:2.7.2.3, RHEA:14804] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004619_2084_1 phosphoglycerate mutase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate." [EC:5.4.2.1] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004620_2084_1 phospholipase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004622_2084_1 lysophospholipase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate." [EC:3.1.1.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004623_2084_1 phospholipase A2 activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate." [EC:3.1.1.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004629_2084_1 phospholipase C activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate." [EC:3.1.4.3, EC:3.1.4.4, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004630_2084_1 phospholipase D activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate." [EC:3.1.4.4] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004631_2084_1 phosphomevalonate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H(+)." [EC:2.7.4.2, RHEA:16344] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004632_2084_1 phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine. Cysteine can be replaced by some of its derivatives." [EC:6.3.2.5] ISA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004633_2084_1 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H(+) = CO(2) + pantetheine 4'-phosphate." [EC:4.1.1.36, RHEA:16796] ISA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004634_2084_1 phosphopyruvate hydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.11, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004637_2084_1 phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.4.13, RHEA:17456] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004638_2084_1 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H(+) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO(2)." [EC:4.1.1.21, RHEA:10795] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004639_2084_1 phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.2.6, RHEA:22631] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004641_2084_1 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.3.1, RHEA:23035] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004642_2084_1 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H(2)O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.5.3, RHEA:17132] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004643_2084_1 phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide." [EC:2.1.2.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004644_2084_1 phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide." [EC:2.1.2.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004645_2084_1 phosphorylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase." [EC:2.4.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004647_2084_1 phosphoserine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L(or D)-O-phosphoserine + H2O = L(or D)-serine + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004648_2084_1 O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.52] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004649_2084_1 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose." [EC:3.2.1.143] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004651_2084_1 polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.33] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004652_2084_1 polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the template-independent extension of the 3'- end of an RNA or DNA strand by addition of one adenosine molecule at a time. Cannot initiate a chain 'de novo'. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group." [EC:2.7.7.19] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004653_2084_1 polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis." [EC:2.4.1.41, ISBN:0879695595] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004654_2084_1 polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1)." [EC:2.7.7.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004655_2084_1 porphobilinogen synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 5-aminolevulinate = 2 H(2)O + H(+) + porphobilinogen." [EC:4.2.1.24, RHEA:24067] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004656_2084_1 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2." [EC:1.14.11.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004657_2084_1 proline dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor." [EC:1.5.99.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004658_2084_1 propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA." [EC:6.4.1.3] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004659_2084_1 prenyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004660_2084_1 protein farnesyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate." [EC:2.5.1.58, PMID:8621375] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004661_2084_1 protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein." [PMID:8621375] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004662_2084_1 CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families." [EC:2.5.1.59, PMID:8621375] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004663_2084_1 Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family." [EC:2.5.1.60, GOC:mah, PMID:8621375] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004666_2084_1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O." [EC:1.14.99.1] ISM molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004671_2084_1 protein C-terminal S-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester." [EC:2.1.1.100] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004672_2084_1 protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP." [MetaCyc:PROTEIN-KINASE-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004673_2084_1 protein histidine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine." [EC:2.7.13.3, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004674_2084_1 protein serine/threonine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate." [GOC:bf] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004675_2084_1 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity "Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate." [EC:2.7.11.30] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004677_2084_1 DNA-dependent protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of DNA." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004679_2084_1 AMP-activated protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004683_2084_1 calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin." [GOC:mah, PMID:11264466] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004686_2084_1 elongation factor-2 kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate." [EC:2.7.11.20, MetaCyc:2.7.11.20-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004687_2084_1 myosin light chain kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate." [EC:2.7.11.18] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004689_2084_1 phosphorylase kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ATP + 2 phosphorylase b = 4 ADP + phosphorylase a." [EC:2.7.11.19] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004690_2084_1 cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of a cyclic nucleotide." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004691_2084_1 cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cAMP." [EC:2.7.11.11] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004692_2084_1 cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cGMP." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004693_2084_1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK)." [GOC:rn, PMID:7877684, PMID:9841670] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004697_2084_1 protein kinase C activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol." [EC:2.7.11.13] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004698_2084_1 calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol and calcium." [EC:2.7.11.13, GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004702_2084_1 receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity "Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate." [EC:2.7.11.13, GOC:bf, GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004703_2084_1 G-protein coupled receptor kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G-protein coupled receptor = ADP + G-protein coupled receptor phosphate." [GOC:dph] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004705_2084_1 JUN kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: JUN + ATP = JUN phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family, a gene family that encodes nuclear transcription factors." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004706_2084_1 JUN kinase kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs)." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004707_2084_1 MAP kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli." [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004708_2084_1 MAP kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate." [ISBN:0198547684] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004709_2084_1 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases." [PMID:9561267] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004711_2084_1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP." [GOC:mah, PMID:9822608] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004712_2084_1 protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004713_2084_1 protein tyrosine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate." [EC:2.7.10] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004714_2084_1 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity "Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate." [EC:2.7.10.1, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004715_2084_1 non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a non-membrane spanning protein L-tyrosine = ADP + a non-membrane spanning protein L-tyrosine phosphate." [EC:2.7.10.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004716_2084_1 receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity "Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate." [EC:2.7.10.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004719_2084_1 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester." [EC:2.1.1.77] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004720_2084_1 protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.4.3.13] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004721_2084_1 phosphoprotein phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity." [EC:3.1.3.16, ISBN:0198547684] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004722_2084_1 protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate." [GOC:bf] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004723_2084_1 calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions." [EC:3.1.3.16, GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004725_2084_1 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.48] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004726_2084_1 non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.48] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004727_2084_1 prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.48] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004728_2084_1 receptor signaling protein tyrosine phosphatase activity "Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.48] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004729_2084_1 oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O(2) + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H(2)O(2) + protoporphyrin IX." [EC:1.3.3.4, RHEA:25579] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004730_2084_1 pseudouridylate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + uracil = H(2)O + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate." [EC:4.2.1.70, RHEA:18340] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004731_2084_1 purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate." [EC:2.4.2.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004733_2084_1 pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.4.3.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004734_2084_1 pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione." [EC:1.5.4.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004735_2084_1 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NADP+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.5.1.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004736_2084_1 pyruvate carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + pyruvate = ADP + 2 H(+) + oxaloacetate + phosphate." [EC:6.4.1.1, RHEA:20847] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004739_2084_1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2." [EC:1.2.4.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004740_2084_1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate." [EC:2.7.11.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004741_2084_1 [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.43] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004742_2084_1 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acetyldihydrolipoamide." [EC:2.3.1.12] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004743_2084_1 pyruvate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate." [EC:2.7.1.40] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004744_2084_1 retinal isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal = 11-cis-retinal." [RHEA:24127] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004745_2084_1 retinol dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.105] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004747_2084_1 ribokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.15] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004748_2084_1 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor "Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin." [EC:1.17.4.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004749_2084_1 ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.6.1, RHEA:15612] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004750_2084_1 ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate." [EC:5.1.3.1, RHEA:13680] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004751_2084_1 ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate." [EC:5.3.1.6, RHEA:14660] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004754_2084_1 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H(+) + NADH." [EC:1.5.1.7, RHEA:12443] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004756_2084_1 selenide, water dikinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H(2)O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H(+) + phosphate + selenophosphorate." [EC:2.7.9.3, RHEA:18740] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004757_2084_1 sepiapterin reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.153] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004758_2084_1 serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H(+) + palmitoyl-CoA = 3-dehydrosphinganine + CO(2) + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.50, RHEA:14764] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004760_2084_1 serine-pyruvate transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine." [EC:2.6.1.51, RHEA:22855] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004766_2084_1 spermidine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine." [EC:2.5.1.16] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004767_2084_1 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H(+)." [EC:3.1.4.12, RHEA:19256] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004768_2084_1 stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O." [EC:1.14.19.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004771_2084_1 sterol esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid." [EC:3.1.1.13] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004772_2084_1 sterol O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester." [EC:2.3.1.26, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004775_2084_1 succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate." [EC:6.2.1.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004776_2084_1 succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate." [EC:6.2.1.4] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004777_2084_1 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.24] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004781_2084_1 sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylylsulfate." [EC:2.7.7.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004782_2084_1 sulfinoalanine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.29] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004784_2084_1 superoxide dismutase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.15.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004788_2084_1 thiamine diphosphokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate." [EC:2.7.6.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004791_2084_1 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + thioredoxin = H(+) + NADPH + thioredoxin disulfide." [EC:1.8.1.9, RHEA:20348] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004792_2084_1 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen cyanide + thiosulfate = H(+) + sulfite + thiocyanate." [EC:2.8.1.1, RHEA:16884] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004793_2084_1 threonine aldolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde." [EC:4.1.2.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004794_2084_1 L-threonine ammonia-lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3." [EC:4.3.1.19] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004797_2084_1 thymidine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.21] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004798_2084_1 thymidylate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate." [EC:2.7.4.9] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004799_2084_1 thymidylate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = 7,8-dihydrofolate + thymidylate." [EC:2.1.1.45, RHEA:12107] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004801_2084_1 sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate." [EC:2.2.1.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004802_2084_1 transketolase activity "Catalysis of the reversible transfer of a 2-carbon ketol group (CH2OH-CO-) from a ketose phosphate donor to an aldose phosphate acceptor." [EC:2.2.1.1, GOC:fmc] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004803_2084_1 transposase activity "Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element." [GOC:bm, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004805_2084_1 trehalose-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = trehalose + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.12] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004806_2084_1 triglyceride lipase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a fatty acid anion." [EC:3.1.1.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004807_2084_1 triose-phosphate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate." [EC:5.3.1.1, RHEA:18588] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004808_2084_1 tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate." [EC:2.1.1.61] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004809_2084_1 tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing guanine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N2-methylguanine." [EC:2.1.1.32] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004812_2084_1 aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004813_2084_1 alanine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala)." [EC:6.1.1.7] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004814_2084_1 arginine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-arginine + tRNA(Arg) = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg)." [EC:6.1.1.19] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004815_2084_1 aspartate-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + tRNA(Asp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-aspartyl-tRNA(Asp)." [EC:6.1.1.12] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004816_2084_1 asparagine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H(+)." [EC:6.1.1.22, RHEA:11183] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004817_2084_1 cysteine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys)." [EC:6.1.1.16] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004818_2084_1 glutamate-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu)." [EC:6.1.1.17] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004819_2084_1 glutamine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln)." [EC:6.1.1.18] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004820_2084_1 glycine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycine + tRNA(Gly) = AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNA(Gly)." [EC:6.1.1.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004821_2084_1 histidine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)." [EC:6.1.1.21] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004822_2084_1 isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+)." [EC:6.1.1.5, RHEA:11063] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004823_2084_1 leucine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+) + Leu-tRNA(Leu)." [EC:6.1.1.4, RHEA:11691] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004824_2084_1 lysine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys)." [EC:6.1.1.6] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004825_2084_1 methionine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met)." [EC:6.1.1.10] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004826_2084_1 phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe)." [EC:6.1.1.20] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004827_2084_1 proline-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro)." [EC:6.1.1.15] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004828_2084_1 serine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser)." [EC:6.1.1.11] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004829_2084_1 threonine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr)." [EC:6.1.1.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004830_2084_1 tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp)." [EC:6.1.1.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004831_2084_1 tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+)." [EC:6.1.1.1, RHEA:10223] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004832_2084_1 valine-tRNA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+)." [EC:6.1.1.9, RHEA:10707] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004833_2084_1 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine." [EC:1.13.11.11] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004835_2084_1 tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate." [EC:6.3.2.25] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004837_2084_1 tyrosine decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2." [EC:4.1.1.25] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004838_2084_1 L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.5] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004839_2084_1 ubiquitin activating enzyme activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a protein L-lysine + a ubiquitin + ATP = a protein-N-ubiquityl-lysine + AMP + diphosphate. This reaction is the activation of the C-terminal carboxyl group of ubiquitin by the formation of a high-energy thiolester bond in an ATP-dependent manner." [http://www.bostonbiochem.com/E-301.html, PMID:10072378] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004842_2084_1 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine." [EC:6.3.2.19, PMID:9635407] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004843_2084_1 ubiquitin-specific protease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various forms of polymeric ubiquitin sequences." [ISBN:0120793709] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004845_2084_1 uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil." [EC:2.4.2.9, RHEA:13020] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004846_2084_1 urate oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.7.3.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004849_2084_1 uridine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + uridine = ADP + UMP." [EC:2.7.1.48] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004850_2084_1 uridine phosphorylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate." [EC:2.4.2.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004852_2084_1 uroporphyrinogen-III synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylbilane = H(2)O + uroporphyrinogen III." [EC:4.2.1.75, RHEA:18968] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004853_2084_1 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2." [EC:4.1.1.37] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004854_2084_1 xanthine dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.17.1.4] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004855_2084_1 xanthine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.17.3.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004856_2084_1 xylulokinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.17, RHEA:10967] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004857_2084_1 enzyme inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004860_2084_1 protein kinase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004861_2084_1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004864_2084_1 protein phosphatase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphate groups from phosphorylated proteins." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004865_2084_1 protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004866_2084_1 endopeptidase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004867_2084_1 serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; a serine residue (and a histidine residue) are at the active center of the enzyme." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004869_2084_1 cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004871_2084_1 signal transducer activity "Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response." [GOC:go_curators] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004872_2084_1 receptor activity "Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004879_2084_1 ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity "Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:signaling, GOC:txnOH] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004884_2084_1 ecdysteroid hormone receptor activity "Combining with an ecdysteroid hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:signaling, PMID:1653701] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004887_2084_1 thyroid hormone receptor activity "Combining with thyroid hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:signaling] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004888_2084_1 transmembrane signaling receptor activity "Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:go_curators, Wikipedia:Transmembrane_receptor] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004889_2084_1 acetylcholine-activated cation-selective channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens upon binding acetylcholine." [GOC:mah, PMID:2466967] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004890_2084_1 GABA-A receptor activity "Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels." [PMID:8974333] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004896_2084_1 cytokine receptor activity "Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004930_2084_1 G-protein coupled receptor activity "Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:bf, http://www.iuphar-db.org, Wikipedia:GPCR] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004935_2084_1 adrenergic receptor activity "Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, IUPHAR_GPCR:1274] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004946_2084_1 bombesin receptor activity "Combining with bombesin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004948_2084_1 calcitonin receptor activity "Combining with calcitonin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004951_2084_1 cholecystokinin receptor activity "Combining with a cholecystokinin, any of a group of related neuropeptides secreted by the upper intestinal mucosa and also found in the central nervous system, to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, PMID:9835394] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004952_2084_1 dopamine receptor activity "Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity." [IUPHAR_GPCR:1282] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004965_2084_1 G-protein coupled GABA receptor activity "Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, IUPHAR_RECEPTOR:1276, Wikipedia:GABAB_receptor] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004966_2084_1 galanin receptor activity "Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004968_2084_1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity "Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004970_2084_1 ionotropic glutamate receptor activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004971_2084_1 alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity "An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium." [GOC:mah, PMID:10049997, PMID:8804111] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004972_2084_1 N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity "An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits slow gating by glutamate, acts by opening a nonselective cation channel, and can be activated by L-aspartate." [GOC:mah, PMID:10049997] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004974_2084_1 leukotriene receptor activity "Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004983_2084_1 neuropeptide Y receptor activity "Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity." [PMID:9315606] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004984_2084_1 olfactory receptor activity "Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:sart, PMID:19135896, PMID:21041441] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004985_2084_1 opioid receptor activity "Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein." [CHEBI:60598, GOC:ai, GOC:bf, PMID:20494127] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004989_2084_1 octopamine receptor activity "Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist." [CHEBI:17134, GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004993_2084_1 serotonin receptor activity "Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates." [CHEBI:28790, GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004994_2084_1 somatostatin receptor activity "Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G-protein coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28)." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, Wikipedia:Somatostatin] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0004995_2084_1 tachykinin receptor activity "Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, PMID:7639617, Wikipedia:Tachykinin] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005000_2084_1 vasopressin receptor activity "Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005001_2084_1 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity "Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.48] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005003_2084_1 ephrin receptor activity "Combining with an ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, PMID:9530499] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005006_2084_1 epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity "Combining with an epidermal growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:bf] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005007_2084_1 fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity "Combining with a fibroblast growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005009_2084_1 insulin-activated receptor activity "Combining with insulin and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005010_2084_1 insulin-like growth factor-activated receptor activity "Combining with insulin-like growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005017_2084_1 platelet-derived growth factor-activated receptor activity "Combining with platelet-derived growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005021_2084_1 vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity "Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005024_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta-activated receptor activity "Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005025_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I "Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals." [GOC:mah, Reactome:REACT_6945.1] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005026_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II "Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor." [GOC:mah, Reactome:REACT_6872.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005030_2084_1 neurotrophin receptor activity "Combining with neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that block apoptosis in neurons and thus promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, http://www.mercksource.com/] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005031_2084_1 tumor necrosis factor-activated receptor activity "Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function." [GOC:jl, http://lookwayup.com/] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005034_2084_1 osmosensor activity "Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005041_2084_1 low-density lipoprotein receptor activity "Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005042_2084_1 netrin receptor activity "Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:signaling, PMID:15960985] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005043_2084_1 netrin receptor activity involved in chemorepulsion "Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell away from a higher concentration of netrin." [GOC:dph, GOC:signaling] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005044_2084_1 scavenger receptor activity "Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, beta-amyloid fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)." [GOC:bf, PMID:11790542, PMID:12379907, PMID:12621157, PMID:20981357] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005046_2084_1 KDEL sequence binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005047_2084_1 signal recognition particle binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the signal recognition particle." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005048_2084_1 signal sequence binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005049_2084_1 nuclear export signal receptor activity "Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) to mediate transport of the NES-containing protein through the nuclear pore to the cytoplasm." [GOC:bf, PMID:11743003] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005052_2084_1 peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L." [GOC:mah, PMID:11687502] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005053_2084_1 peroxisome matrix targeting signal-2 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 peroxisome targeting signal, a nonapeptide with a broad consensus sequence of (R/K)-(L/V/I)-(XXXXX)-(H/Q)-(L/A/F)." [GOC:mah, PMID:11687502] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005055_2084_1 laminin receptor activity "Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai, PMID:2970671] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005057_2084_1 receptor signaling protein activity "Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer, converting the signal into a form where it can ultimately trigger a change in the state or activity of a cell." [GOC:bf] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005070_2084_1 SH3/SH2 adaptor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently and simultaneously with one or more signal transduction molecules, usually acting as a scaffold to bring these molecules into close proximity either using their own SH2/SH3 domains (e.g. Grb2) or those of their target molecules (e.g. SAM68)." [GOC:mah, GOC:so] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005072_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor, cytoplasmic mediator activity "Activity of any of the molecules that transmit the signal from a TGF-beta receptor through the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:hjd] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005078_2084_1 MAP-kinase scaffold activity "The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently." [PMID:12511654, PMID:15213240, PMID:9405336] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005080_2084_1 protein kinase C binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005083_2084_1 small GTPase regulator activity "Modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a small monomeric GTPase." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005085_2084_1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:kd, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005086_2084_1 ARF guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with the GTPase ARF. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005087_2084_1 Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ran family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005088_2084_1 Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005089_2084_1 Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rho family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005092_2084_1 GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity "Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005093_2084_1 Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity "Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005094_2084_1 Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity "Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rho, thereby preventing GTP from binding." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005096_2084_1 GTPase activator activity "Increases the activity of a GTPase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005097_2084_1 Rab GTPase activator activity "Increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase of the Rab family." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005098_2084_1 Ran GTPase activator activity "Increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase of the Ran family." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005099_2084_1 Ras GTPase activator activity "Increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase of the Ras superfamily." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005100_2084_1 Rho GTPase activator activity "Increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase of the Rho family." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005102_2084_1 receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function." [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005104_2084_1 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)." [GOC:ceb] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005109_2084_1 frizzled binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the frizzled (fz) receptor." [GOC:ceb, PR:000001315] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005110_2084_1 frizzled-2 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with frizzled-2 (fz2)." [GOC:ceb, PR:000007719] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005112_2084_1 Notch binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor." [GOC:ceb] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005113_2084_1 patched binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins." [GOC:ceb, PMID:11731473] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005118_2084_1 sevenless binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sevenless (sev) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase." [GOC:ceb, PMID:3151175] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005119_2084_1 smoothened binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the smoothened (smo) protein, which interacts with patched to transmit hedgehog signals." [GOC:ceb, PMID:11731473] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005121_2084_1 Toll binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Toll protein, a transmembrane receptor." [GOC:ceb] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005122_2084_1 torso binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the torso (tor) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase." [GOC:ceb, PMID:2927509] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005123_2084_1 death receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD)." [GOC:ceb, GOC:rl, PMID:15654015] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005125_2084_1 cytokine activity "Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells." [ISBN:0198599471] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005154_2084_1 epidermal growth factor receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the epidermal growth factor receptor." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005158_2084_1 insulin receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor." [GOC:ai] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005159_2084_1 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor." [GOC:jl] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005160_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005164_2084_1 tumor necrosis factor receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tumor necrosis factor receptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005165_2084_1 neurotrophin receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotrophin receptor." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005172_2084_1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any vascular endothelial growth factor receptor." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005178_2084_1 integrin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin." [GOC:ceb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005179_2084_1 hormone activity "The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005184_2084_1 neuropeptide hormone activity "The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005198_2084_1 structural molecule activity "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005199_2084_1 structural constituent of cell wall "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005200_2084_1 structural constituent of cytoskeleton "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005201_2084_1 extracellular matrix structural constituent "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005212_2084_1 structural constituent of eye lens "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005213_2084_1 structural constituent of chorion "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:sensu] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005214_2084_1 structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005215_2084_1 transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC:ai, GOC:dgf] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005216_2084_1 ion channel activity "Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:cy, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005218_2084_1 intracellular ligand-gated calcium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005219_2084_1 ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005220_2084_1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:8660280, Wikipedia:Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005221_2084_1 intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005225_2084_1 volume-sensitive anion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a volume-sensitive channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005230_2084_1 extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005231_2084_1 excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular excitatory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Excitatory ligands, such as acetylcholine or glutamate, open cation-selective channels." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0323037070] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005234_2084_1 extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005242_2084_1 inward rectifier potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself." [GOC:cb, GOC:mah, PMID:14977398] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005243_2084_1 gap junction channel activity "A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes." [GOC:dgh, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005244_2084_1 voltage-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005245_2084_1 voltage-gated calcium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005246_2084_1 calcium channel regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a calcium channel." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005247_2084_1 voltage-gated chloride channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005248_2084_1 voltage-gated sodium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005249_2084_1 voltage-gated potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005250_2084_1 A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel that produces a transient outward current upon a step change in membrane potential." [GOC:mah, PMID:5575340] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005251_2084_1 delayed rectifier potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and activation is slow." [GOC:mah, PMID:11343411, PMID:2462513] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005252_2084_1 open rectifier potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an open rectifier voltage-gated channel. An open rectifier current-voltage relationship is one in which the direction of rectification depends on the external potassium ion concentration." [GOC:mah, PMID:8917578] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005253_2084_1 anion channel activity "Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005254_2084_1 chloride channel activity "Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:pr, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005261_2084_1 cation channel activity "Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient." [GOC:def, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005262_2084_1 calcium channel activity "Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:pr, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005267_2084_1 potassium channel activity "Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005272_2084_1 sodium channel activity "Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005276_2084_1 vesicular hydrogen:amino acid antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a vesicle membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in)." [GOC:mah, Reactome:428625] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005277_2084_1 acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of the membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005278_2084_1 acetylcholine:hydrogen antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acetylcholine(in) = H+(in) + acetylcholine(out)." [TC:2.A.1.2.13] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005283_2084_1 sodium:amino acid symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in)." [GOC:ai] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005298_2084_1 proline:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.22.2.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005302_2084_1 L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005310_2084_1 dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005313_2084_1 L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IC molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005314_2084_1 high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + H+(out) = glutamate(in) + H+(in)." [TC:2.A.3.10.5] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005315_2084_1 inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport." [GOC:mtg_transport] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005316_2084_1 high affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.20.2.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005319_2084_1 lipid transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005324_2084_1 long-chain fatty acid transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22." [CHEBI:15904, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005326_2084_1 neurotransmitter transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005328_2084_1 neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.22.-.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005329_2084_1 dopamine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of dopamine from one side of the membrane to the other. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005330_2084_1 dopamine:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) = dopamine(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.22.1.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005332_2084_1 gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.22.3.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005337_2084_1 nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005338_2084_1 nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:15034926] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005344_2084_1 oxygen transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of oxygen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005351_2084_1 sugar:hydrogen symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + H+(out) = sugar(in) + H+(in)." [TC:2.A.1.1.-] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005353_2084_1 fructose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of fructose from one side of the membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005355_2084_1 glucose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005369_2084_1 taurine:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.22.3.3] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005371_2084_1 tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005372_2084_1 water transmembrane transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005375_2084_1 copper ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005381_2084_1 iron ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005384_2084_1 manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dgf] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005385_2084_1 zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dgf] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005388_2084_1 calcium-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(cis) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(trans)." [EC:3.6.3.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005391_2084_1 sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in)." [EC:3.6.3.9] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005395_2084_1 eye pigment precursor transporter activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + eye pigment precursor(in) = ADP + phosphate + eye pigment precursor(out)." [TC:3.A.1.204.1] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005415_2084_1 nucleoside:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005416_2084_1 cation:amino acid symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in)." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005427_2084_1 proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement." [GOC:mtg_transport, OMIM:600544] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005430_2084_1 synaptic vesicle amine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of amines across synaptic vesicle membranes." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005432_2084_1 calcium:sodium antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in)." [GOC:curators, PMID:16371597] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005436_2084_1 sodium:phosphate symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in)." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005452_2084_1 inorganic anion exchanger activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion A(out) + inorganic anion B(in) = inorganic anion A(in) + inorganic anion B(out)." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005457_2084_1 GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of the membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005459_2084_1 UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005460_2084_1 UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005461_2084_1 UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005462_2084_1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005463_2084_1 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005464_2084_1 UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005471_2084_1 ATP:ADP antiporter activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out)." [TC:2.A.29.1.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005476_2084_1 carnitine:acyl carnitine antiporter activity "Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine (mitochondrial) + acyl carnitine (cytoplasm) = carnitine (cytoplasm) + acyl carnitine (mitochondrial)." [PMID:9032458] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005483_2084_1 soluble NSF attachment protein activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex." [GOC:mah, PMID:14570579, PMID:15556857] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005484_2084_1 SNAP receptor activity "Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion." [GOC:mah, PMID:14570579] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005487_2084_1 nucleocytoplasmic transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005488_2084_1 binding "The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule." [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005496_2084_1 steroid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005500_2084_1 juvenile hormone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with juvenile hormone, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005501_2084_1 retinoid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005504_2084_1 fatty acid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005506_2084_1 iron ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005507_2084_1 copper ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005509_2084_1 calcium ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005513_3489_1 detection of calcium ion "The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:pg] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0005515_2084_1 protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC:go_curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005516_2084_1 calmodulin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states." [GOC:krc] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005519_2084_1 cytoskeletal regulatory protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein involved in modulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:15163540] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005520_2084_1 insulin-like growth factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005521_2084_1 lamin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005523_2084_1 tropomyosin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005524_2084_1 ATP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005525_2084_1 GTP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005528_2084_1 FK506 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the immunosuppressant FK506." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005534_2084_1 galactose binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides." [CHEBI:28260, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005537_2084_1 mannose binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans." [CHEBI:37684, GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005539_2084_1 glycosaminoglycan binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005542_2084_1 folic acid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005543_2084_1 phospholipid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005544_2084_1 calcium-dependent phospholipid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium." [GOC:jl] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005545_2084_1 1-phosphatidylinositol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005546_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005548_2084_1 phospholipid transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005549_2084_1 odorant binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0721662544] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005550_2084_1 pheromone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0005575_726_1 cellular_component "The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together." [GOC:go_curators] ND cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005576_726_1 extracellular region "The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite." [GOC:go_curators] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005577_726_1 fibrinogen complex "A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds." [ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005578_726_1 proteinaceous extracellular matrix "A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005581_726_1 collagen "Any of the various assemblies in which collagen chains form a left-handed triple helix; may assemble into higher order structures." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0721639976] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005587_726_1 collagen type IV "A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form nets within basement membranes." [ISBN:0721639976] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005604_726_1 basement membrane "A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers." [ISBN:0198547684] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005605_726_1 basal lamina "A thin sheet of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, especially laminin, secreted by cells as an extracellular matrix." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005606_726_1 laminin-1 complex "A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains." [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005614_726_1 interstitial matrix "A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens." [PMID:8450001] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005615_726_1 extracellular space "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005616_726_1 larval serum protein complex "A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins." [GOC:jl, PMID:6781759] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005622_726_1 intracellular "The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005623_726_1 cell "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope." [GOC:go_curators] IMP cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005634_726_1 nucleus "A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent." [GOC:go_curators] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005635_726_1 nuclear envelope "The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space)." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005637_726_1 nuclear inner membrane "The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope." [GOC:ma] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005638_726_1 lamin filament "Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C." [ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005639_726_1 integral to nuclear inner membrane "Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the nuclear inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:go_curators] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005640_726_1 nuclear outer membrane "The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005641_726_1 nuclear envelope lumen "The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide." [GOC:ai] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005642_726_1 annulate lamellae "Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER." [PMID:12631728] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005643_726_1 nuclear pore "Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined." [ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005652_726_1 nuclear lamina "The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane." [ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005654_726_1 nucleoplasm "That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus." [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005655_726_1 nucleolar ribonuclease P complex "A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules." [GOC:mah, PMID:12045094] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005656_726_1 pre-replicative complex "A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins." [PMID:15222894] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005657_726_1 replication fork "The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005658_726_1 alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex "A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA; the smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis." [GOC:mah, PMID:11395402] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005662_726_1 DNA replication factor A complex "A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa." [PMID:9242902] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005663_726_1 DNA replication factor C complex "A complex of five polypeptides in eukaryotes, and two in prokaryotes, that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase." [PMID:14614842, PMID:14646196, PMID:16172520] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005664_726_1 nuclear origin of replication recognition complex "A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus." [GOC:elh] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005665_726_1 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex "RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template." [GOC:krc, GOC:mtg_sensu] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005666_726_1 DNA-directed RNA polymerase III complex "RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template." [GOC:krc, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005667_726_1 transcription factor complex "A protein complex, distinct from RNA polymerase, that associates with DNA at promoters or at cis-acting regulatory sequences, by direct binding or by interaction with other DNA-binding polypeptides or complexes, and regulates transcription." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005669_726_1 transcription factor TFIID complex "A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0471953393, ISBN:0879695501] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005671_726_1 Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex "A multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. Contains either GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, two proteins of the Ada family, and two TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins. Both ATAC- or SAGA (see GO:0000124, SAGA complex) are involved in the acetylation of histone H3K9 and K14 residues." [PMID:10637607] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005672_726_1 transcription factor TFIIA complex "A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12)." [GOC:jl, PMID:17560669] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005673_726_1 transcription factor TFIIE complex "A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH." [GOC:jl, PMID:16547462] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005674_726_1 transcription factor TFIIF complex "A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation." [GOC:jl, PMID:7597077] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005675_726_1 holo TFIIH complex "A complex that contains kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of the 5-subunit core (Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p and Tfb4p), Ssl2p, and TFIIK (Kin28p, Ccl1p, and Tfb3p). All of the subunits have equivalents in humans: the 5 subunit core is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34; the equivalent of the TFIIK subcomplex is composed of MO15, Mat1, and a cyclin; the human equivalent of Ssl2p is XPB." [GOC:krc, PMID:14500720, PMID:7813015] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005677_726_1 chromatin silencing complex "Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005678_726_1 chromatin assembly complex "Any protein complex that acts in the formation of nucleosomes or higher order chromatin structure." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005680_726_1 anaphase-promoting complex "A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B." [GOC:jh, GOC:vw, PMID:10465783, PMID:10611969] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005681_726_1 spliceosomal complex "Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain RNA and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:19239890] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005682_726_1 U5 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005683_726_1 U7 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the U7 snRNA and is required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs." [PMID:12872004] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005684_726_1 U2-type spliceosomal complex "Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:11343900] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005685_726_1 U1 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005686_726_1 U2 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U2." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005687_726_1 U4 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005688_726_1 U6 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005692_726_1 U11 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U11." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005693_726_1 U12 snRNP "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005694_726_1 chromosome "A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005700_726_1 polytene chromosome "A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005701_726_1 polytene chromosome chromocenter "A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0120649012] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005703_726_1 polytene chromosome puff "A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0120649012] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005704_726_1 polytene chromosome band "A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band." [GOC:bf, PMID:11361342] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005705_726_1 polytene chromosome interband "A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands." [GOC:bf, PMID:11361342] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005712_726_1 chiasma "A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over." [ISBN:0198506732] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005719_726_1 nuclear euchromatin "The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005720_726_1 nuclear heterochromatin "A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005721_726_1 centromeric heterochromatin "A region of heterochromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome." [PMID:12019236] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005722_726_1 beta-heterochromatin "A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization." [PMID:11404334, PMID:8878678] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005723_726_1 alpha-heterochromatin "A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization." [PMID:8878678] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005724_726_1 nuclear telomeric heterochromatin "Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres of a chromosome in the nucleus." [GOC:ai] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005725_726_1 intercalary heterochromatin "Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes." [PMID:14579245] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005730_726_1 nucleolus "A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005732_726_1 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family and associated proteins. Most are involved in a step of processing of rRNA: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation. The majority, though not all, fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879695897] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005736_726_1 DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex "RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template." [GOC:krc, GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005737_726_1 cytoplasm "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005739_726_1 mitochondrion "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005740_726_1 mitochondrial envelope "The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space." [GOC:ai, GOC:pz] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005741_726_1 mitochondrial outer membrane "The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC:ai] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005742_726_1 mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex "A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments." [PMID:12581629] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005743_726_1 mitochondrial inner membrane "The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae." [GOC:ai] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005744_726_1 mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase complex "The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor." [EC:3.6.3.51, PMID:8851659] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005746_726_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain "The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:curators, GOC:ecd, ISBN:0198547684] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005747_726_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I "A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005749_726_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II "A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005750_726_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III "A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005751_726_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV "A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2)." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005753_726_1 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex "A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005756_726_1 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk "One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10838056] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005758_726_1 mitochondrial intermembrane space "The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005759_726_1 mitochondrial matrix "The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation." [GOC:as, ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005760_726_1 gamma DNA polymerase complex "A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA." [GOC:jl, PMID:12045093] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005761_726_1 mitochondrial ribosome "A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005762_726_1 mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit "The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site)." [GOC:mcc] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005763_726_1 mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit "The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome." [GOC:mcc] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005764_726_1 lysosome "A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005765_726_1 lysosomal membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm." [GOC:ai] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005767_726_1 secondary lysosome "Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005768_726_1 endosome "A membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered." [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:19696797] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005769_726_1 early endosome "A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways." [GOC:mah, PMID:19696797] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005770_726_1 late endosome "A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center." [PMID:11964142, PMID:2557062] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005771_726_1 multivesicular body "A type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm." [PMID:11566881] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005773_726_1 vacuole "A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005774_726_1 vacuolar membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell." [GOC:ai] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005776_726_1 autophagic vacuole "A double-membrane-bounded compartment in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered; known as autophagosome in yeast." [ISBN:0198547684, PMID:11099404] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005777_726_1 peroxisome "A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism." [GOC:pm, PMID:9302272, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005778_726_1 peroxisomal membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005779_726_1 integral to peroxisomal membrane "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a peroxisomal membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005783_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005784_726_1 Sec61 translocon complex "A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events." [GOC:mah, PMID:18166647] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005785_726_1 signal recognition particle receptor complex "A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005786_726_1 signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting "A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005787_726_1 signal peptidase complex "A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space." [GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:1846444, PMID:7615509] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005788_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum lumen "The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005789_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005790_726_1 smooth endoplasmic reticulum "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has with no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005791_726_1 rough endoplasmic reticulum "The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005793_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment "A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport." [GOC:pr, PMID:16723730] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005794_726_1 Golgi apparatus "A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005795_726_1 Golgi stack "The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005796_726_1 Golgi lumen "The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks." [GOC:mah] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005797_726_1 Golgi medial cisterna "The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae)." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005798_726_1 Golgi-associated vesicle "Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005801_726_1 cis-Golgi network "The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum." [ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815316194] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005802_726_1 trans-Golgi network "The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the side of the Golgi apparatus distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination." [GOC:vw, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005811_726_1 lipid particle "Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a cell. May include associated proteins." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005813_726_1 centrosome "A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005814_726_1 centriole "A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005815_726_1 microtubule organizing center "A cytoplasmic structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides." [ISBN:0815316194, PMID:17245416] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005818_726_1 aster "An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores." [GOC:clt] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005819_726_1 spindle "The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005826_726_1 actomyosin contractile ring "A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis." [GOC:expert_jrp, GOC:sgd_curators, ISBN:0805319409, ISBN:0815316194] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005827_726_1 polar microtubule "Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005828_726_1 kinetochore microtubule "Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005829_726_1 cytosol "The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC:hgd, GOC:jl] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005832_726_1 chaperonin-containing T-complex "A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor." [GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:11580267] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005834_726_1 heterotrimeric G-protein complex "Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005835_726_1 fatty acid synthase complex "A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA." [GOC:pde, GOC:sgd_curators, ISBN:0716746840] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005838_726_1 proteasome regulatory particle "A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the proteasome core complex." [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rb] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005839_726_1 proteasome core complex "A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex." [GOC:rb, PMID:10806206] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005840_726_1 ribosome "An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005844_726_1 polysome "Several ribosomes bound to one mRNA." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005845_726_1 mRNA cap binding complex "Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA." [GOC:jid] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005846_726_1 nuclear cap binding complex "A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export." [PMID:16043498] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005847_726_1 mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex "A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal." [PMID:14749727] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005848_726_1 mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex "A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition." [GOC:mah, PMID:10357856] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005849_726_1 mRNA cleavage factor complex "Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules." [GOC:mah, PMID:10357856] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005850_726_1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex "Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA." [PMID:10216940] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005851_726_1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex "A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon." [PMID:9438375] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005852_726_1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex "A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex. The eIF3 complex contains five conserved core subunits, and may contain several additional proteins; the non-core subunits are thought to mediate association of the complex with specific sets of mRNAs." [PMID:15904532] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005853_726_1 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex "A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma." [GOC:jl, PMID:10216950] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005854_726_1 nascent polypeptide-associated complex "A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome." [PMID:12475173, PMID:7568149] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005856_726_1 cytoskeleton "Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:16959967] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005858_726_1 axonemal dynein complex "A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion. May contain two or three dynein heavy chains as well as several light chains." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005859_726_1 muscle myosin complex "A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005861_726_1 troponin complex "A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005862_726_1 muscle thin filament tropomyosin "A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments." [ISBN:0815316194] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005863_726_1 striated muscle myosin thick filament "Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils." [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005865_726_1 striated muscle thin filament "Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005868_726_1 cytoplasmic dynein complex "Any dynein complex that catalyzes movement along a cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic dynein complexes participates in many transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes,and may include light chains and light intermediate chains." [GOC:mah, PMID:12600311] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005869_726_1 dynactin complex "A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005871_726_1 kinesin complex "Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work." [GOC:mah, http://www.proweb.org/kinesin//KinesinMotility.html, http://www.proweb.org/kinesin//KinesinStructure.html] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005872_726_1 minus-end kinesin complex "Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule." [GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005873_726_1 plus-end kinesin complex "Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005874_726_1 microtubule "Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle." [ISBN:0879693568] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005875_726_1 microtubule associated complex "Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005876_726_1 spindle microtubule "Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005879_726_1 axonemal microtubule "A microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005880_726_1 nuclear microtubule "Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005881_726_1 cytoplasmic microtubule "Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005882_726_1 intermediate filament "A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins." [http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/intermediate_filaments.htm, ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005884_726_1 actin filament "A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:10666339] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005885_726_1 Arp2/3 protein complex "A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments." [GOC:jl, GOC:vw, PMID:12479800] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005886_726_1 plasma membrane "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN:0716731363] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005887_726_1 integral to plasma membrane "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:go_curators] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005889_726_1 hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex "A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of Na+ and K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present." [PMID:11756431] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005890_726_1 sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex "Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior." [ISBN:0198506732] IC cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005891_726_1 voltage-gated calcium channel complex "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005892_726_1 acetylcholine-gated channel complex "A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:12381728, PMID:15579462] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005899_726_1 insulin receptor complex "A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005901_726_1 caveola "A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include any of the minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:16645198] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005902_726_1 microvillus "Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells." [ISBN:0813516194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005903_726_1 brush border "Dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell." [GOC:sl, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005905_726_1 coated pit "A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:10559856, PMID:17284835] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005911_726_1 cell-cell junction "A cell junction that forms a connection between two cells; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals." [GOC:dgh, GOC:hb, GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005912_726_1 adherens junction "A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments." [GOC:mah, http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html, ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005913_726_1 cell-cell adherens junction "An adherens junction which connects two cells to each other." [GOC:hb] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005914_726_1 spot adherens junction "A small junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens." [PMID:11700298] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005915_726_1 zonula adherens "A cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells." [ISBN:0815316208] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005916_726_1 fascia adherens "A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes." [GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:11732910] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005917_726_1 nephrocyte diaphragm "A specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney, which is adapted for filtration of hemolymph. The insect nephrocyte is anatomically and functionally similarity to the glomerular podocyte of vertebrates." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:sart, PMID:18971929] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005918_726_1 septate junction "A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium; within the septate junction the membranes of adjacent cells maintain a constant distance of approximately 15 nm; found in invertebrates." [ISBN:0815332181, PMID:11700298] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005919_726_1 pleated septate junction "A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space." [PMID:11700298] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005921_726_1 gap junction "A cell-cell junction that is composed of an array of small channels that permit small molecules to pass from one cell to another. At gap junctions, the membranes of two adjacent cells are separated by a uniform narrow gap of about 2-4 nm that is spanned by channel-forming proteins called connexins, which form hexagonal tubes called connexons." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_muscle, http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_g.html, ISBN:0815332181] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005923_726_1 tight junction "An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815332181] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005925_726_1 focal adhesion "Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments." [ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0815316208] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005926_726_1 connecting hemi-adherens junction "A cell-substrate adherens junction, also known as a hemiadherens junction (HAJ) that forms one of a pair of junctions in opposing cells that are separated by only 30-40nm, with a thin line of extracellular electron-dense material in between; found where muscles attach to epidermal cells directly (in insects)." [http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aignfam/junction.htm] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005927_726_1 muscle tendon junction "A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons." [GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:12842007] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005929_726_1 cilium "A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole." [GOC:kmv, ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005930_726_1 axoneme "The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005932_726_1 microtubule basal body "A short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum that is similar in structure to a centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth." [GOC:clt] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005938_726_1 cell cortex "The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005940_726_1 septin ring "A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16009555, PMID:16151244] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005942_726_1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex "A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory (adaptor) subunit of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)." [GOC:bf] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005943_726_1 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IA complex "A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit of 110-120 kDa and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways." [PMID:9255069, PMID:9759495] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005945_726_1 6-phosphofructokinase complex "A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005947_726_1 mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex "Mitochondrial complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005952_726_1 cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex "An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer." [EC:2.7.11.11, ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005954_726_1 calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex "An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins." [EC:2.7.11.17] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005955_726_1 calcineurin complex "A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin." [ISBN:019859951] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005956_726_1 protein kinase CK2 complex "A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein." [GOC:mah, PMID:10994779] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005958_726_1 DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex "A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:10854421, PMID:12235392, PMID:17072889] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005960_726_1 glycine cleavage complex "A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:GCVMULTI-CPLX] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005962_726_1 mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) "Mitochondrial complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005964_726_1 phosphorylase kinase complex "An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a." [EC:2.7.11.19] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005965_726_1 protein farnesyltransferase complex "A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005967_726_1 mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex "Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0471331309, ISBN:0716720094] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005968_726_1 Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex "A heterodimeric enzyme complex, which in mammals is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and which associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein). Catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:11886217] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005971_726_1 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex "An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor." [BRENDA:1.17.4.1] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0005975_3489_1 carbohydrate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0005976_3489_1 polysaccharide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, a polymer of more than 20 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0005977_3489_1 glycogen metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0005978_3489_1 glycogen biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0005980_3489_1 glycogen catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0005991_3489_1 trehalose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0028623819] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0005992_3489_1 trehalose biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0028623819] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006000_3489_1 fructose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006003_3489_1 fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006004_3489_1 fucose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006006_3489_1 glucose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006007_3489_1 glucose catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006012_3489_1 galactose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006013_3489_1 mannose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006014_3489_1 D-ribose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose (ribo-pentose). As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006020_3489_1 inositol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms." [CHEBI:24848, ISBN:0198547684] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006021_3489_1 inositol biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms." [CHEBI:24848, ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006024_3489_1 glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars." [ISBN:0192800981] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006027_3489_1 glycosaminoglycan catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars." [ISBN:0192800981] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006029_3489_1 proteoglycan metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006030_3489_1 chitin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006031_3489_1 chitin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006032_3489_1 chitin catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006035_3489_1 cuticle chitin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006036_3489_1 cuticle chitin catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006043_3489_1 glucosamine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006044_3489_1 N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006048_3489_1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006055_3489_1 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006065_3489_1 UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006066_3489_1 alcohol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom." [CHEBI:30879, ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006067_3489_1 ethanol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006069_3489_1 ethanol oxidation "An ethanol metabolic process in which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY66-161, MetaCyc:PWY66-162, MetaCyc:PWY66-21] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006071_3489_1 glycerol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006072_3489_1 glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006081_3489_1 cellular aldehyde metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006084_3489_1 acetyl-CoA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006085_3489_1 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006086_3489_1 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006090_3489_1 pyruvate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006091_3489_1 generation of precursor metabolites and energy "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006094_3489_1 gluconeogenesis "The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol." [MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006096_3489_1 glycolysis "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis begins with phosphorylation of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) on the sixth carbon by a hexokinase, and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0716720094, Wikipedia:Glycolysis] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006097_3489_1 glyoxylate cycle "A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006098_3489_1 pentose-phosphate shunt "The process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses." [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:PENTOSE-P-PWY] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006099_3489_1 tricarboxylic acid cycle "A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006101_3489_1 citrate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006102_3489_1 isocitrate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006105_3489_1 succinate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006106_3489_1 fumarate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006108_3489_1 malate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006116_3489_1 NADH oxidation "A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006117_3489_1 acetaldehyde metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol." [CHEBI:15343, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006119_3489_1 oxidative phosphorylation "The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis." [ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0471331309] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006120_3489_1 mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone "The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006121_3489_1 mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone "The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II." [ISBN:0716731363] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006122_3489_1 mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c "The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006123_3489_1 mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen "The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006127_3489_1 glycerophosphate shuttle "The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_electron_transport, ISBN:071672009] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006139_3489_1 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process "Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006144_3489_1 purine nucleobase metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine." [CHEBI:26386, GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006147_3489_1 guanine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006154_3489_1 adenosine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006163_3489_1 purine nucleotide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006164_3489_1 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006165_3489_1 nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation "The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006166_3489_1 purine ribonucleoside salvage "Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006167_3489_1 AMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006168_3489_1 adenine salvage "Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006171_3489_1 cAMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate)." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006172_3489_1 ADP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006177_3489_1 GMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006182_3489_1 cGMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006183_3489_1 GTP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006184_3489_1 GTP catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006188_3489_1 IMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006189_3489_1 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716720094] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006198_3489_1 cAMP catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate)." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006200_3489_1 ATP catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0006206_3489_1 pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases." [CHEBI:26432, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006207_3489_1 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716720094] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0006208_3489_1 pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases." [CHEBI:26432, GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006212_3489_1 uracil catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006221_3489_1 pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006222_3489_1 UMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006228_3489_1 UTP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006230_3489_1 TMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006231_3489_1 dTMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate)." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006233_3489_1 dTDP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate)." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006235_3489_1 dTTP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006241_3489_1 CTP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006259_3489_1 DNA metabolic process "Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006260_3489_1 DNA replication "The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006261_3489_1 DNA-dependent DNA replication "A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006264_3489_1 mitochondrial DNA replication "The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006265_3489_1 DNA topological change "The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number." [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0935702490] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006266_3489_1 DNA ligation "The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase." [ISBN:0815316194] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006267_3489_1 pre-replicative complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late M phase; its presence is required for replication initiation." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006268_3489_1 DNA unwinding involved in replication "The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication." [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006269_3489_1 DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer "The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis." [PMID:11395402] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006270_3489_1 DNA replication initiation "The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action." [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006271_3489_1 DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication "The process in which a DNA strand is synthesized from template DNA during replication by the action of polymerases, which add nucleotides to the 3' end of the nascent DNA strand." [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006272_3489_1 leading strand elongation "The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in the 5' to 3' direction; leading strand elongation is continuous as it proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork." [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006273_3489_1 lagging strand elongation "The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork." [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006275_3489_1 regulation of DNA replication "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006277_3489_1 DNA amplification "The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment." [ISBN:0721601464] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006278_3489_1 RNA-dependent DNA replication "A DNA replication process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006281_3489_1 DNA repair "The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway." [PMID:11563486] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006284_3489_1 base-excision repair "In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006285_3489_1 base-excision repair, AP site formation "The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired." [ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006289_3489_1 nucleotide-excision repair "A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts)." [PMID:10197977] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006296_3489_1 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion "The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision follows the incision formed 3' to the site of damage." [GOC:elh, PMID:10197977] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006298_3489_1 mismatch repair "A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination." [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11687886] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006301_3489_1 postreplication repair "The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication." [GOC:elh] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006302_3489_1 double-strand break repair "The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix." [GOC:elh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006303_3489_1 double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining "The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends." [PMID:10827453] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006306_3489_1 DNA methylation "The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006307_3489_1 DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair "The repair of alkylation damage, e.g. the removal of the alkyl group at the O6-position of guanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT)." [PMID:10946226] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006308_3489_1 DNA catabolic process "The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006309_3489_1 apoptotic DNA fragmentation "The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, ISBN:0721639976] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006310_3489_1 DNA recombination "Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006311_3489_1 meiotic gene conversion "The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele." [ISBN:0815316194] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006312_3489_1 mitotic recombination "The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles." [GOC:elh] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006313_3489_1 transposition, DNA-mediated "Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via a DNA intermediate." [GOC:jp, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:1555812090] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006325_3489_1 chromatin organization "Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006333_3489_1 chromatin assembly or disassembly "The formation or destruction of chromatin structures." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006334_3489_1 nucleosome assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006335_3489_1 DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly "The formation of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006336_3489_1 DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly "The formation of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006338_3489_1 chromatin remodeling "Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation." [GOC:jid, PMID:12697820] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006342_3489_1 chromatin silencing "Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin." [GOC:mah, PMID:10219245] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006343_3489_1 establishment of chromatin silencing "The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006348_3489_1 chromatin silencing at telomere "Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin." [PMID:10219245] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006349_3489_1 regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting "Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11498578] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006351_3489_1 transcription, DNA-dependent "The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006352_3489_1 DNA-dependent transcription, initiation "Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription." [GOC:jid, GOC:txnOH, PMID:18280161] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006353_3489_1 DNA-dependent transcription, termination "The cellular process that completes DNA-dependent transcription; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA." [GOC:txnOH, ISBN:0716720094, PMID:15020047, PMID:18280161] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006354_3489_1 DNA-dependent transcription, elongation "The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH, PMID:15020047, PMID:18280161] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006355_3489_1 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006356_3489_1 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006357_3489_1 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006359_3489_1 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA ploymerase III promoter." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006360_3489_1 transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter "The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006364_3489_1 rRNA processing "Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006366_3489_1 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter "The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, ISBN:0321000382] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006367_3489_1 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006368_3489_1 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter "The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006369_3489_1 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription "The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006370_3489_1 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping "Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript." [GOC:mah, PMID:9266685] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006376_3489_1 mRNA splice site selection "Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome." [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006378_3489_1 mRNA polyadenylation "The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006379_3489_1 mRNA cleavage "Any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006382_3489_1 adenosine to inosine editing "The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination." [PMID:11092837] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006383_3489_1 transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter "The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006384_3489_1 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter "Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase III promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006388_3489_1 tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation "Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons." [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897, PMID:9582290] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006390_3489_1 transcription from mitochondrial promoter "The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006393_3489_1 termination of mitochondrial transcription "The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a mitochondrial DNA template is completed." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006396_3489_1 RNA processing "Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006397_3489_1 mRNA processing "Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006398_3489_1 histone mRNA 3'-end processing "Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a histone mRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006399_3489_1 tRNA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006400_3489_1 tRNA modification "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically." [GOC:curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006401_3489_1 RNA catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006402_3489_1 mRNA catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes." [ISBN:0198506732] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0006403_3489_1 RNA localization "A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006404_3489_1 RNA import into nucleus "The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:ma] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006405_3489_1 RNA export from nucleus "The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." [GOC:ma] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006406_3489_1 mRNA export from nucleus "The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." [GOC:ma] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006407_3489_1 rRNA export from nucleus "The directed movement of rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; the rRNA is usually in the form of ribonucleoproteins." [GOC:ma, GOC:mah] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006408_3489_1 snRNA export from nucleus "The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." [GOC:ma] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006409_3489_1 tRNA export from nucleus "The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." [GOC:ma] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006412_3489_1 translation "The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006413_3489_1 translational initiation "The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA." [ISBN:019879276X] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006414_3489_1 translational elongation "The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis." [GOC:ems] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006415_3489_1 translational termination "The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code)." [GOC:hjd, ISBN:019879276X] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006417_3489_1 regulation of translation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA." [GOC:isa_complete] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006418_3489_1 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation "The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006419_3489_1 alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006420_3489_1 arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006421_3489_1 asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006422_3489_1 aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716730510] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006423_3489_1 cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006424_3489_1 glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006425_3489_1 glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006426_3489_1 glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006427_3489_1 histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006428_3489_1 isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006429_3489_1 leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006430_3489_1 lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006431_3489_1 methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006432_3489_1 phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006433_3489_1 prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716730510] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006434_3489_1 seryl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006435_3489_1 threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006436_3489_1 tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006437_3489_1 tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006438_3489_1 valyl-tRNA aminoacylation "The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006446_3489_1 regulation of translational initiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006447_3489_1 regulation of translational initiation by iron "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translation of certain mRNAs involved in iron metabolism; regulated by the concentration of iron." [GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006450_3489_1 regulation of translational fidelity "Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006451_3489_1 translational readthrough "The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons." [GOC:jsg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006452_3489_1 translational frameshifting "A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon." [GOC:hjd, ISBN:0195094425] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006457_3489_1 protein folding "The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:rb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006458_3489_1 'de novo' protein folding "The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure." [GOC:mb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006461_3489_1 protein complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006464_3489_1 cellular protein modification process "The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification)." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0006465_3489_1 signal peptide processing "The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006467_3489_1 protein thiol-disulfide exchange "Oxidation of two organic sulfhydryl groups (thiols) by a disulfide compound to form a disulfide bond, according to the reaction RS-SR + R'SH = R'S-SR + RSH." [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006468_3489_1 protein phosphorylation "The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein." [GOC:hb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006469_3489_1 negative regulation of protein kinase activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006470_3489_1 protein dephosphorylation "The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein." [GOC:hb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006471_3489_1 protein ADP-ribosylation "The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids." [GOC:pr, RESID:AA0040, RESID:AA0168, RESID:AA0169, RESID:AA0231, RESID:AA0237, RESID:AA0295] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006473_3489_1 protein acetylation "The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006476_3489_1 protein deacetylation "The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006479_3489_1 protein methylation "The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006481_3489_1 C-terminal protein methylation "The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006486_3489_1 protein glycosylation "A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins." [GOC:curators, GOC:pr] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006487_3489_1 protein N-linked glycosylation "A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan." [GOC:pr, RESID:AA0151, RESID:AA0156, RESID:AA0327] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006488_3489_1 dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0471331309] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006490_3489_1 oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation." [GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:pr, GOC:rb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006491_3489_1 N-glycan processing "The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking." [ISBN:0879695595, PMID:12736198] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006493_3489_1 protein O-linked glycosylation "A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan." [GOC:pr, ISBN:0879695595, RESID:AA0153, RESID:AA0154, RESID:AA0155, RESID:AA0157, RESID:AA0212] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006497_3489_1 protein lipidation "The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006499_3489_1 N-terminal protein myristoylation "The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006505_3489_1 GPI anchor metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006506_3489_1 GPI anchor biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006507_3489_1 GPI anchor release "The GPI anchor metabolic process that results in enzymatic cleavage of the anchor, releasing an anchored protein from the membrane." [GOC:mah, PMID:18811934] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006508_3489_1 proteolysis "The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006509_3489_1 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis "The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain)." [GOC:jl, http://www.copewithcytokines.de/] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006511_3489_1 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006513_3489_1 protein monoubiquitination "Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006515_3489_1 misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006516_3489_1 glycoprotein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006517_3489_1 protein deglycosylation "The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006518_3489_1 peptide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another." [CHEBI:16670, GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006520_3489_1 cellular amino acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells." [CHEBI:33709, GOC:curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006523_3489_1 alanine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006525_3489_1 arginine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid." [CHEBI:29016, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006526_3489_1 arginine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid." [CHEBI:29016, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006529_3489_1 asparagine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006531_3489_1 aspartate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006534_3489_1 cysteine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006535_3489_1 cysteine biosynthetic process from serine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006536_3489_1 glutamate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006537_3489_1 glutamate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006538_3489_1 glutamate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006541_3489_1 glutamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0006542_3489_1 glutamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006543_3489_1 glutamine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006544_3489_1 glycine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006545_3489_1 glycine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006546_3489_1 glycine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006550_3489_1 isoleucine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006551_3489_1 leucine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006552_3489_1 leucine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006554_3489_1 lysine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006555_3489_1 methionine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006556_3489_1 S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006557_3489_1 S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINAMINE] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006559_3489_1 L-phenylalanine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006560_3489_1 proline metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006561_3489_1 proline biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006562_3489_1 proline catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006563_3489_1 L-serine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid." [CHEBI:17115, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006564_3489_1 L-serine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid." [CHEBI:17115, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006567_3489_1 threonine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006568_3489_1 tryptophan metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid." [ISBN:0198547684] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006569_3489_1 tryptophan catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid." [ISBN:0198547684] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006570_3489_1 tyrosine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006572_3489_1 tyrosine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006573_3489_1 valine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006574_3489_1 valine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006581_3489_1 acetylcholine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800752] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006583_3489_1 melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine." [GOC:go_curators] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0006584_3489_1 catecholamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006585_3489_1 dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006587_3489_1 serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006588_3489_1 activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity "The process in which the tryptophan 5-monooxygenase enzyme is changed so that it can carry out its enzymatic activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006589_3489_1 octopamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006591_3489_1 ornithine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006596_3489_1 polyamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006597_3489_1 spermine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging." [CHEBI:15746, GOC:curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006605_3489_1 protein targeting "The process of targeting specific proteins to particular membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif." [GOC:ma] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006606_3489_1 protein import into nucleus "The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006607_3489_1 NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus "The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006611_3489_1 protein export from nucleus "The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006612_3489_1 protein targeting to membrane "The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006613_3489_1 cotranslational protein targeting to membrane "The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria." [ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10512867, PMID:16896215] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006614_3489_1 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane "The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006616_3489_1 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation "The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006617_3489_1 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition "The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006621_3489_1 protein retention in ER lumen "The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER." [ISBN:0716731363, PMID:12972550] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006622_3489_1 protein targeting to lysosome "The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006623_3489_1 protein targeting to vacuole "The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein." [GOC:curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006625_3489_1 protein targeting to peroxisome "The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006626_3489_1 protein targeting to mitochondrion "The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein." [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006627_3489_1 protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion "The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments." [GOC:mcc, PMID:12191769] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006629_3489_1 lipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006631_3489_1 fatty acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006633_3489_1 fatty acid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006635_3489_1 fatty acid beta-oxidation "A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:FAO-PWY] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006637_3489_1 acyl-CoA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006641_3489_1 triglyceride metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006642_3489_1 triglyceride mobilization "The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism." [GOC:mah, PMID:11943743, PMID:15713625] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006643_3489_1 membrane lipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006644_3489_1 phospholipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006646_3489_1 phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006650_3489_1 glycerophospholipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006651_3489_1 diacylglycerol biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues." [CHEBI:18035, GOC:curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006654_3489_1 phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006656_3489_1 phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline." [ISBN:0198506732] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0006657_3489_1 CDP-choline pathway "The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine." [ISBN:0471331309, MetaCyc:PWY3O-450] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006659_3489_1 phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006661_3489_1 phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol." [CHEBI:28874, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006662_3489_1 glycerol ether metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006664_3489_1 glycolipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent." [CHEBI:33563, ISBN:0198547684] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006665_3489_1 sphingolipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006672_3489_1 ceramide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid." [ISBN:0198547684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006680_3489_1 glucosylceramide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006684_3489_1 sphingomyelin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006685_3489_1 sphingomyelin catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006686_3489_1 sphingomyelin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006688_3489_1 glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006693_3489_1 prostaglandin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006694_3489_1 steroid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006695_3489_1 cholesterol biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006697_3489_1 ecdysone biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006707_3489_1 cholesterol catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006718_3489_1 juvenile hormone biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006719_3489_1 juvenile hormone catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006723_3489_1 cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006726_3489_1 eye pigment biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006727_3489_1 ommochrome biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006728_3489_1 pteridine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006729_3489_1 tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine." [CHEBI:15372, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006730_3489_1 one-carbon metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states." [GOC:hjd, GOC:mah, GOC:pde] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006741_3489_1 NADP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006743_3489_1 ubiquinone metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006744_3489_1 ubiquinone biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006748_3489_1 lipoamide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group." [CHEBI:17460, GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006749_3489_1 glutathione metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle." [CHEBI:16856, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006750_3489_1 glutathione biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins." [CHEBI:16856, GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006754_3489_1 ATP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006760_3489_1 folic acid-containing compound metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units." [CHEBI:37445, GOC:ai, GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006766_3489_1 vitamin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006772_3489_1 thiamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver." [CHEBI:18385, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006777_3489_1 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands." [http://www.sunysb.edu/biochem/BIOCHEM/facultypages/schindelin/, ISSN:09498257] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006779_3489_1 porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006782_3489_1 protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006783_3489_1 heme biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006784_3489_1 heme a biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3." [CHEBI:24479, GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006788_3489_1 heme oxidation "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006790_3489_1 sulfur compound metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006796_3489_1 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006801_3489_1 superoxide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species." [CHEBI:18421, GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006807_3489_1 nitrogen compound metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen, including (but not limited to) nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium." [CHEBI:51143, GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006809_3489_1 nitric oxide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006810_3489_1 transport "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006811_3489_1 ion transport "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006812_3489_1 cation transport "The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006813_3489_1 potassium ion transport "The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006814_3489_1 sodium ion transport "The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006816_3489_1 calcium ion transport "The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006817_3489_1 phosphate ion transport "The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006820_3489_1 anion transport "The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006821_3489_1 chloride transport "The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006825_3489_1 copper ion transport "The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006826_3489_1 iron ion transport "The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006829_3489_1 zinc ion transport "The directed movement of zinc (Zn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006833_3489_1 water transport "The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006835_3489_1 dicarboxylic acid transport "The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006836_3489_1 neurotransmitter transport "The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006837_3489_1 serotonin transport "The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006839_3489_1 mitochondrial transport "Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006843_3489_1 mitochondrial citrate transport "The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006844_3489_1 acyl carnitine transport "The directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006848_3489_1 pyruvate transport "The directed movement of pyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006851_3489_1 mitochondrial calcium ion transport "The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006855_3489_1 drug transmembrane transport "The process in which a drug is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006856_3489_1 eye pigment precursor transport "The directed movement of eye pigment precursors, the inactive forms of visual pigments, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006857_3489_1 oligopeptide transport "The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006865_3489_1 amino acid transport "The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006868_3489_1 glutamine transport "The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006869_3489_1 lipid transport "The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006873_3489_1 cellular ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell." [GOC:mah] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006874_3489_1 cellular calcium ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006875_3489_1 cellular metal ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions at the level of a cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006878_3489_1 cellular copper ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions at the level of a cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006879_3489_1 cellular iron ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006882_3489_1 cellular zinc ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions at the level of a cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006884_3489_1 cell volume homeostasis "Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006885_3489_1 regulation of pH "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006886_3489_1 intracellular protein transport "The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006887_3489_1 exocytosis "A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process in which most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006888_3489_1 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport "The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:jp, GOC:tb, ISBN:0716731363] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006890_3489_1 retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER "The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG." [ISBN:0716731363, PMID:16510524] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006891_3489_1 intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport "The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network)." [ISBN:0716731363] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006892_3489_1 post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport "The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006893_3489_1 Golgi to plasma membrane transport "The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006895_3489_1 Golgi to endosome transport "The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10873832] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006896_3489_1 Golgi to vacuole transport "The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006897_3489_1 endocytosis "A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006898_3489_1 receptor-mediated endocytosis "An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006900_3489_1 membrane budding "The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle." [GOC:jid, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006901_3489_1 vesicle coating "A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination." [GOC:jid] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006903_3489_1 vesicle targeting "The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo." [GOC:mah, PMID:17335816] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006904_3489_1 vesicle docking involved in exocytosis "The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis." [GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006909_3489_1 phagocytosis "An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006910_3489_1 phagocytosis, recognition "The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0781735149] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006911_3489_1 phagocytosis, engulfment "The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0781735149] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006913_3489_1 nucleocytoplasmic transport "The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006914_3489_1 autophagy "The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation." [ISBN:0198547684, PMID:11099404, PMID:9412464] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006915_3489_1 apoptotic process "A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways) which typically lead to rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling pathway phase and into an execution phase, which is triggered by the former." [GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18846107, PMID:21494263] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006916_3489_1 anti-apoptosis "A process which directly inhibits any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006917_3489_1 induction of apoptosis "A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006919_3489_1 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process "Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process." [GOC:al, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, PMID:14744432, PMID:18328827, Wikipedia:Caspase] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006922_3489_1 cleavage of lamin "The proteolytic degradation of lamins during apoptosis, leading to the irreversible breakdown of the nuclear lamina." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815332181] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006928_3489_1 cellular component movement "The directed, self-propelled movement of a cellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mlg] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006930_3489_1 substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension "The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell." [ISBN:0815316194, PMID:11944043, PMID:14657486] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006935_3489_1 chemotaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis)." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006936_3489_1 muscle contraction "A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis." [GOC:ef, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006937_3489_1 regulation of muscle contraction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006939_3489_1 smooth muscle contraction "A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length." [GOC:ef, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006940_3489_1 regulation of smooth muscle contraction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006941_3489_1 striated muscle contraction "A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006942_3489_1 regulation of striated muscle contraction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006944_3489_1 cellular membrane fusion "The cellular process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006950_3489_1 response to stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation)." [GOC:mah] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006952_3489_1 defense response "Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006953_3489_1 acute-phase response "An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006955_3489_1 immune response "Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_15nov05] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006959_3489_1 humoral immune response "An immune response mediated through a body fluid." [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006962_3489_1 male-specific antibacterial humoral response "An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006963_3489_1 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis." [GOC:mah, PMID:10973475] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006964_3489_1 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria." [GOC:mah, PMID:10973475] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006965_3489_1 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria." [GOC:mah, PMID:10973475] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006967_3489_1 positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006968_3489_1 cellular defense response "A defense response that is mediated by cells." [GOC:ebc] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006970_3489_1 response to osmotic stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006974_3489_1 response to DNA damage stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006978_3489_1 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator "A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage." [PMID:10967424] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006979_3489_1 response to oxidative stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals." [GOC:jl, PMID:12115731] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006982_3489_1 response to lipid hydroperoxide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids." [GOC:jl, PMID:10944149] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006983_3489_1 ER overload response "The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB." [PMID:10390516] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006986_3489_1 response to unfolded protein "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus." [GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006990_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in unfolded protein response "The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, GOC:txnOH, PMID:12042763] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006994_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription via sterol regulatory element binding involved in ER-nuclear sterol response pathway "The process in which a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) mediates an increase in rate or extent of transcription of nuclear target genes in response to sterol depletion. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes." [GOC:bf, PMID:12923525] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0006997_3489_1 nucleus organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0006998_3489_1 nuclear envelope organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0006999_3489_1 nuclear pore organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007000_3489_1 nucleolus organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007005_3489_1 mitochondrion organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:9786946] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007006_3489_1 mitochondrial membrane organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007009_3489_1 plasma membrane organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007010_3489_1 cytoskeleton organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007015_3489_1 actin filament organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007016_3489_1 cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane "A cytoskeleton organization process that directly or indirectly links cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane." [ISBN:0198599323] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007017_3489_1 microtubule-based process "Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007018_3489_1 microtubule-based movement "A microtubule-based process that is mediated by motor proteins and results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other particles along microtubules." [GOC:cjm, ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007019_3489_1 microtubule depolymerization "The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007020_3489_1 microtubule nucleation "The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007021_3489_1 tubulin complex assembly "The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007026_3489_1 negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007029_3489_1 endoplasmic reticulum organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007030_3489_1 Golgi organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007031_3489_1 peroxisome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007032_3489_1 endosome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007033_3489_1 vacuole organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007034_3489_1 vacuolar transport "The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007035_3489_1 vacuolar acidification "Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion." [GOC:jid] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007040_3489_1 lysosome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007041_3489_1 lysosomal transport "The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007043_3489_1 cell-cell junction assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007049_3489_1 cell cycle "The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007050_3489_1 cell cycle arrest "A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007051_3489_1 spindle organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007052_3489_1 mitotic spindle organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007053_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007054_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I "The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007056_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007057_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007058_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007059_3489_1 chromosome segregation "The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007060_3489_1 male meiosis chromosome segregation "The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007062_3489_1 sister chromatid cohesion "The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007064_3489_1 mitotic sister chromatid cohesion "The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission." [GOC:ai, GOC:rn, PMID:10827941, PMID:11389843, PMID:14623866] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007065_3489_1 male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion "The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007066_3489_1 female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion "The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007067_3489_1 mitosis "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:ma, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007070_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007076_3489_1 mitotic chromosome condensation "The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007079_3489_1 mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole "The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007080_3489_1 mitotic metaphase plate congression "The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007084_3489_1 mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly "The cell cycle process that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007088_3489_1 regulation of mitosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007093_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage." [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:12360190] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007094_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle." [GOC:curators, GOC:rn, PMID:12360190] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007095_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint "A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase in response to DNA damage." [GOC:mah, PMID:10856933, PMID:11406266] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007096_3489_1 regulation of exit from mitosis "Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity." [GOC:rn] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007097_3489_1 nuclear migration "The directed movement of the nucleus." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007098_3489_1 centrosome cycle "The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle." [ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007099_3489_1 centriole replication "The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type." [GOC:kmv, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007100_3489_1 mitotic centrosome separation "Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle." [ISBN:0815316194] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007109_3489_1 cytokinesis, completion of separation "The process of finishing cell separation, which results in two physically separated cells." [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007110_3489_1 cytokinesis after meiosis I "A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007111_3489_1 cytokinesis after meiosis II "A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007112_3489_1 male meiosis cytokinesis "A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007113_3489_1 endomitotic cell cycle "A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell." [GOC:curators, GOC:dos, GOC:expert_vm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007126_3489_1 meiosis "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the nuclear division phase of a meiotic cell cycle. A meiotic cell cycle is the specialized nuclear and cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiotic division occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid generations." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, PMID:9334324] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007127_3489_1 meiosis I "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, PMID:9334324] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007129_3489_1 synapsis "The cell cycle process in which the side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created at the metaphase plate." [GOC:elh] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007130_3489_1 synaptonemal complex assembly "The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007131_3489_1 reciprocal meiotic recombination "The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity." [PMID:2087779] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007132_3489_1 meiotic metaphase I "Metaphase occurring as part of meiosis I. Metaphase is the part of nuclear division in which, canonically, chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell. Meiosis I is the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007133_3489_1 meiotic anaphase I "Anaphase occurring as part of meiosis I. Anaphase is the part of nuclear division in which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. Meiosis I is the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007138_3489_1 meiotic anaphase II "Anaphase occurring as part of meiosis II. Anaphase is the part of nuclear division in which sister chromatids (or chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. Meiosis II is the second phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and separate the two chromatids in each chromosome." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007140_3489_1 male meiosis "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the nuclear division phase of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007141_3489_1 male meiosis I "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007143_3489_1 female meiosis "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the nuclear division phase of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007144_3489_1 female meiosis I "The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007147_3489_1 female meiosis II "The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007154_3489_1 cell communication "Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007155_3489_1 cell adhesion "The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules." [GOC:hb, GOC:pf] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007156_3489_1 homophilic cell adhesion "The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007157_3489_1 heterophilic cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007158_3489_1 neuron cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007160_3489_1 cell-matrix adhesion "The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules." [GOC:hb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007162_3489_1 negative regulation of cell adhesion "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007163_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of cell polarity "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007164_3489_1 establishment of tissue polarity "Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates." [GOC:jid] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007165_3489_1 signal transduction "The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007166_3489_1 cell surface receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:signaling] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007169_3489_1 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007171_3489_1 activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity "Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007172_3489_1 signal complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:9646862] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007173_3489_1 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:ceb, PR:000006933] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007175_3489_1 negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007178_3489_1 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007179_3489_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007181_3489_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex." [GOC:jl, Reactome:REACT_7425, Wikipedia:TGF_beta_signaling_pathway] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007184_3489_1 SMAD protein import into nucleus "The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007185_3489_1 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007186_3489_1 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007188_3489_1 adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP)." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007189_3489_1 adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007190_3489_1 activation of adenylate cyclase activity "Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007191_3489_1 adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP)." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007192_3489_1 adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007198_3489_1 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007200_3489_1 phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007202_3489_1 activation of phospholipase C activity "The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:8280098] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007204_3489_1 elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration "Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007205_3489_1 protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG)." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007208_3489_1 phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007210_3489_1 serotonin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007211_3489_1 octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine or tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters." [GOC:mah, PMID:15355245] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007212_3489_1 dopamine receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007213_3489_1 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway "Any series of molecular signals initiated by an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of the target cell binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007214_3489_1 gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007216_3489_1 G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:9131252] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007217_3489_1 tachykinin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor." [GOC:mah, PMID:14723970] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007218_3489_1 neuropeptide signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007219_3489_1 Notch signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:signaling] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007220_3489_1 Notch receptor processing "The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor." [PMID:12651094, PMID:14986688] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007221_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target "The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain." [PMID:12651094] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007223_3489_1 Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC)." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, PMID:11532397] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007224_3489_1 smoothened signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened." [GOC:mah, PMID:15205520] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007225_3489_1 patched ligand maturation "The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups." [PMID:15057936] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007228_3489_1 positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity "Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11912487, PMID:15057936] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007229_3489_1 integrin-mediated signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007243_3489_1 intracellular protein kinase cascade "A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell by sequential protein phosphorylation and activation of the cascade components." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:signaling] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007249_3489_1 I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade "The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, PMID:12773372, Reactome:REACT_13696.1] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007252_3489_1 I-kappaB phosphorylation "The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, PMID:21772278, PMID:7594468] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007254_3489_1 JNK cascade "An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:11790549, PMID:20811974] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007256_3489_1 activation of JNKK activity "The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) activity in response to phosphorylation by a member of the JUN kinase kinase kinase (JNKKK) family, or another upstream kinase. JNKKs are involved in a signaling pathway that is primarily activated by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress." [GOC:bf, PMID:11790549] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007257_3489_1 activation of JUN kinase activity "The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase by phosphorylation by a JUN kinase kinase (JNKK)." [GOC:bf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007258_3489_1 JUN phosphorylation "The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007259_3489_1 JAK-STAT cascade "Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, PMID:12039028] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007260_3489_1 tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein "The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:10918594] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007262_3489_1 STAT protein import into nucleus "The directed movement of dimerized STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins into the nucleus following activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases." [GOC:jl, PMID:12039028] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007264_3489_1 small GTPase mediated signal transduction "Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007265_3489_1 Ras protein signal transduction "A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state." [GOC:bf] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007266_3489_1 Rho protein signal transduction "A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007267_3489_1 cell-cell signaling "Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007268_3489_1 synaptic transmission "The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse." [GOC:jl, MeSH:D009435] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007269_3489_1 neurotransmitter secretion "The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin." [CHEBI:25512, GOC:dph] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007270_3489_1 neuron-neuron synaptic transmission "The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse." [GOC:add, GOC:jl, MeSH:D009435] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007271_3489_1 synaptic transmission, cholinergic "The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine." [GOC:kmv, GOC:pr, Wikipedia:Cholinergic] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007274_3489_1 neuromuscular synaptic transmission "The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse." [GOC:jl, MeSH:D009435] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007275_3489_1 multicellular organismal development "The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult)." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007276_3489_1 gamete generation "The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell." [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007277_3489_1 pole cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007278_3489_1 pole cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a pole cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007279_3489_1 pole cell formation "Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells." [GOC:bf, PMID:9988212] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007280_3489_1 pole cell migration "The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form." [GOC:bf, PMID:9988212] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007281_3489_1 germ cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007282_3489_1 cystoblast division "The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by the cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [PMID:11131529] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007283_3489_1 spermatogenesis "The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis." [GOC:jid, ISBN:9780878933846] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007284_3489_1 spermatogonial cell division "The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form a cyst of secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes)." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007285_3489_1 primary spermatocyte growth "The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007286_3489_1 spermatid development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007287_3489_1 Nebenkern assembly "Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007288_3489_1 sperm axoneme assembly "The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198547684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007289_3489_1 spermatid nucleus differentiation "The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007290_3489_1 spermatid nucleus elongation "The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007291_3489_1 sperm individualization "The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane." [GOC:bf, PMID:9550716] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007292_3489_1 female gamete generation "Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction." [GOC:dph, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007293_3489_1 germarium-derived egg chamber formation "Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007294_3489_1 germarium-derived oocyte fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007295_3489_1 growth of a germarium-derived egg chamber "Growth of the egg chamber between the time it leaves the germarium and the onset of vitellogenesis. During this time both nurse cells and the oocyte undergo developmental changes including nuclear organization and cytoplasmic growth. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007296_3489_1 vitellogenesis "The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition." [GOC:dph, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007297_3489_1 ovarian follicle cell migration "The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10822261] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007298_3489_1 border follicle cell migration "The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10822261] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007299_3489_1 ovarian follicle cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12642496] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007300_3489_1 ovarian nurse cell to oocyte transport "Transfer of constituents synthesized in the ovarian nurse cells to the oocyte, through the ring canals, as the egg chamber is growing. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007301_3489_1 female germline ring canal formation "Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007302_3489_1 nurse cell nucleus anchoring "Attachment of the nurse cell nucleus to the plasma membrane." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007303_3489_1 cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte "The directed movement of cytoplasmic constituents synthesized in the nurse cells to the oocyte." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007304_3489_1 chorion-containing eggshell formation "The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007305_3489_1 vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation "Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007306_3489_1 eggshell chorion assembly "Construction of the chorion portion of the eggshell, which comprises the channels for gas exchange in an insect eggshell." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0879694238] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007307_3489_1 eggshell chorion gene amplification "Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11157771] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007308_3489_1 oocyte construction "The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007309_3489_1 oocyte axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007310_3489_1 oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007311_3489_1 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded "Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007312_3489_1 oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification "The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007313_3489_1 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded "Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007314_3489_1 oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification "Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007315_3489_1 pole plasm assembly "Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007316_3489_1 pole plasm RNA localization "Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007317_3489_1 regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007318_3489_1 pole plasm protein localization "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007319_3489_1 negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein." [GOC:ems] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007320_3489_1 insemination "The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female." [ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007321_3489_1 sperm displacement "The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters." [PMID:10440373] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007338_3489_1 single fertilization "The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote." [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007343_3489_1 egg activation "The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm." [GOC:bf, PMID:9630751] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007344_3489_1 pronuclear fusion "The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome." [GOC:ems, ISBN:087969307X] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007346_3489_1 regulation of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007347_3489_1 regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle "A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007348_3489_1 regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle "A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007349_3489_1 cellularization "The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0716731363] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007350_3489_1 blastoderm segmentation "The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007352_3489_1 zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis "The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007354_3489_1 zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo "The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007355_3489_1 anterior region determination "Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007359_3489_1 posterior abdomen determination "The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007362_3489_1 terminal region determination "Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007365_3489_1 periodic partitioning "The regionalization process that divides the spatial regions of an embryo into serially repeated regions." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:ma] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007366_3489_1 periodic partitioning by pair rule gene "Allocation of cells to parasegments in the embryo, through the action of overlapping series of pair rule gene activities." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0632030488, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007367_3489_1 segment polarity determination "Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0632030488, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007368_3489_1 determination of left/right symmetry "The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007369_3489_1 gastrulation "A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm." [GOC:curators, ISBN:9780878933846] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007370_3489_1 ventral furrow formation "Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation." [ISBN:08795694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007374_3489_1 posterior midgut invagination "Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior." [ISBN:08795694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007375_3489_1 anterior midgut invagination "Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo." [ISBN:08795694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007376_3489_1 cephalic furrow formation "Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome." [ISBN:08795694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007377_3489_1 germ-band extension "Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further." [ISBN:08795694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007378_3489_1 amnioserosa formation "Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift." [ISBN:08795694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007379_3489_1 segment specification "The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007380_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, head "The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007381_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, labial segment "The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007382_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment "The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007383_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, antennal segment "The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007384_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, thorax "The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007385_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, abdomen "The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007386_3489_1 compartment pattern specification "The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007388_3489_1 posterior compartment specification "The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007389_3489_1 pattern specification process "Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0521436125] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007390_3489_1 germ-band shortening "The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo." [GOC:bf, PMID:12147138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007391_3489_1 dorsal closure "The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally." [PMID:9224720] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007393_3489_1 dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, PMID:12147138] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007394_3489_1 dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells "The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis." [PMID:12147138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007395_3489_1 dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells "Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa." [GOC:bf, PMID:12147138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007396_3489_1 suture of dorsal opening "Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole." [GOC:bf, PMID:12147138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007398_3489_1 ectoderm development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007399_3489_1 nervous system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007400_3489_1 neuroblast fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007402_3489_1 ganglion mother cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007403_3489_1 glial cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007405_3489_1 neuroblast proliferation "The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007406_3489_1 negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007409_3489_1 axonogenesis "Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007411_3489_1 axon guidance "The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007412_3489_1 axon target recognition "The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007413_3489_1 axonal fasciculation "The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007414_3489_1 axonal defasciculation "Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle." [GOC:dgh, ISBN:039751820X] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007415_3489_1 defasciculation of motor neuron axon "Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle." [GOC:dgh] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007416_3489_1 synapse assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007417_3489_1 central nervous system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GOC:bf, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007418_3489_1 ventral midline development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, PMID:12075342] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007419_3489_1 ventral cord development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/Spemann.html] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007420_3489_1 brain development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.)." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, UBERON:0000955] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007421_3489_1 stomatogastric nervous system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatogastric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007422_3489_1 peripheral nervous system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands." [GOC:go_curators, UBERON:0000010] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007423_3489_1 sensory organ development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007424_3489_1 open tracheal system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:8625828] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007425_3489_1 epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11063940] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007426_3489_1 tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system "The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007427_3489_1 epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system "The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007428_3489_1 primary branching, open tracheal system "Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, http://cmgm.stanford.edu/krasnow/research.html] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007429_3489_1 secondary branching, open tracheal system "Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, http://cmgm.stanford.edu/krasnow/research.html] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007430_3489_1 terminal branching, open tracheal system "Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, http://cmgm.stanford.edu/krasnow/research.html] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007431_3489_1 salivary gland development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity." [GOC:jid, UBERON:0001044] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007432_3489_1 salivary gland boundary specification "Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland." [PMID:11598957] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007435_3489_1 salivary gland morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007436_3489_1 larval salivary gland morphogenesis "The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007438_3489_1 oenocyte development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments." [GOC:bf, PMID:11171397] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007439_3489_1 ectodermal digestive tract development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm." [GOC:curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007440_3489_1 foregut morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007442_3489_1 hindgut morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007443_3489_1 Malpighian tubule morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007444_3489_1 imaginal disc development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.)." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007446_3489_1 imaginal disc growth "The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form." [GOC:bf, GOC:jid, PMID:10679387] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007447_3489_1 imaginal disc pattern formation "The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007448_3489_1 anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007449_3489_1 proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007450_3489_1 dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007451_3489_1 dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc "Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment." [GOC:bf, PMID:10625531, PMID:9374402] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007455_3489_1 eye-antennal disc morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007458_3489_1 progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis "The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007460_3489_1 R8 cell fate commitment "The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007462_3489_1 R1/R6 cell fate commitment "The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007463_3489_1 R2/R5 cell fate commitment "The process in which the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007464_3489_1 R3/R4 cell fate commitment "The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007465_3489_1 R7 cell fate commitment "The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007468_3489_1 regulation of rhodopsin gene expression "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. This includes transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational regulation." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007469_3489_1 antennal development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/.bin/cvreport2?id=FBcv0004526] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007472_3489_1 wing disc morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007473_3489_1 wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007474_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification "The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007475_3489_1 apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces "The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007476_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007477_3489_1 notum development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal part of the body over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007478_3489_1 leg disc morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007479_3489_1 leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007480_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007481_3489_1 haltere disc morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007482_3489_1 haltere development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings." [GOC:jid, http://www.earthlife.net] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007483_3489_1 genital disc morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007484_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived genitalia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007485_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007486_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007487_3489_1 analia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007488_3489_1 histoblast morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007489_3489_1 maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy "The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007492_3489_1 endoderm development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007493_3489_1 endodermal cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007494_3489_1 midgut development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine." [GOC:jid, UBERON:0001045] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007496_3489_1 anterior midgut development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007497_3489_1 posterior midgut development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007498_3489_1 mesoderm development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007499_3489_1 ectoderm and mesoderm interaction "A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm." [GOC:isa_complete] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007500_3489_1 mesodermal cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007501_3489_1 mesodermal cell fate specification "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007502_3489_1 digestive tract mesoderm development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007503_3489_1 fat body development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism." [ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007506_3489_1 gonadal mesoderm development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007507_3489_1 heart development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood." [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007508_3489_1 larval heart development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper." [GOC:bf, ISBN:08779694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007509_3489_1 mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation "The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007510_3489_1 cardioblast cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007516_3489_1 hemocyte development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007517_3489_1 muscle organ development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007518_3489_1 myoblast cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers." [CL:0000056, GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007519_3489_1 skeletal muscle tissue development "The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the anima. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers." [GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007520_3489_1 myoblast fusion "A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers." [CL:0000056, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007521_3489_1 muscle cell fate determination "The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007522_3489_1 visceral muscle development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007523_3489_1 larval visceral muscle development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007525_3489_1 somatic muscle development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007526_3489_1 larval somatic muscle development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007527_3489_1 adult somatic muscle development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007528_3489_1 neuromuscular junction development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromuscular junction over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007530_3489_1 sex determination "Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007538_3489_1 primary sex determination "The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007539_3489_1 primary sex determination, soma "The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma." [GOC:ems] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007540_3489_1 sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio "The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it." [GOC:isa_complete] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007541_3489_1 sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio "The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement." [GOC:isa_complete] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007548_3489_1 sex differentiation "The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007549_3489_1 dosage compensation "Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by a global activation or inactivation of all, or most of, genes on one or both of the X chromosomes." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888, PMID:11498577] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007552_3489_1 metamorphosis "A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:sensu, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007553_3489_1 regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007555_3489_1 regulation of ecdysteroid secretion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007557_3489_1 regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007559_3489_1 histolysis "The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death, followed by the complete dissolution of dead tissue." [GOC:dph, GOC:ma] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007560_3489_1 imaginal disc morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007561_3489_1 imaginal disc eversion "The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis." [PMID:11494317] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007562_3489_1 eclosion "The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198600461] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007563_3489_1 regulation of eclosion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198600461] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007564_3489_1 regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007568_3489_1 aging "A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700)." [GOC:PO_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007584_3489_1 response to nutrient "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007586_3489_1 digestion "The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism." [GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0198506732] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007589_3489_1 body fluid secretion "The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or group of cells in an animal." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007591_3489_1 molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle "The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007593_3489_1 chitin-based cuticle sclerotization "The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle." [GOC:dos, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007594_3489_1 puparial adhesion "The adhesion of the puparia of Diptera to their substrate; normally effected by a 'glue' secreted by the larval salivary gland and expectorated at the time of pupariation." [GOC:ma] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007596_3489_1 blood coagulation "The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers." [http://www.graylab.ac.uk/omd/, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007599_3489_1 hemostasis "The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part." [ISBN:0198506732] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007601_3489_1 visual perception "The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007602_3489_1 phototransduction "The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal." [GOC:go_curators] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007603_3489_1 phototransduction, visible light "The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007604_3489_1 phototransduction, UV "The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007605_3489_1 sensory perception of sound "The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007606_3489_1 sensory perception of chemical stimulus "The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007608_3489_1 sensory perception of smell "The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai, http://www.onelook.com/] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007610_3489_1 behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Patterned activity of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0395448956] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007611_3489_1 learning or memory "The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time." [GOC:jid, PMID:8938125] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007612_3489_1 learning "Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience." [ISBN:0582227089, ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007613_3489_1 memory "The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task)." [GOC:curators, http://www.onelook.com/, ISBN:0582227089] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007614_3489_1 short-term memory "The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation." [http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007615_3489_1 anesthesia-resistant memory "The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis." [PMID:15143285, PMID:17088531] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007616_3489_1 long-term memory "The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation." [http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007617_3489_1 mating behavior "The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007618_3489_1 mating "The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes." [ISBN:0387520546] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007619_3489_1 courtship behavior "The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of attracting sexual partners." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007620_3489_1 copulation "The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm." [ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007621_3489_1 negative regulation of female receptivity "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances." [GOC:bf, PMID:11092827] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007622_3489_1 rhythmic behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with measured regularity." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007623_3489_1 circadian rhythm "Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007624_3489_1 ultradian rhythm "The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours." [GOC:jl, PMID:19708721] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007625_3489_1 grooming behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007626_3489_1 locomotory behavior "The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007628_3489_1 adult walking behavior "The actions or reactions of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0198606907] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007629_3489_1 flight behavior "The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0198606907] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0007630_3489_1 jump response "The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0198606907] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007631_3489_1 feeding behavior "Behavior associated with the intake of food." [GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0007632_3489_1 visual behavior "The actions or reactions of an organism in response to a visual stimulus." [GOC:jid] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0007633_3489_1 pattern orientation "The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes." [GOC:jid, PMID:9933535] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007635_3489_1 chemosensory behavior "Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007636_3489_1 chemosensory jump behavior "The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007637_3489_1 proboscis extension reflex "The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a sugar stimulus." [FB:FBrf0044924, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0007638_3489_1 mechanosensory behavior "Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008010_2084_1 structural constituent of chitin-based larval cuticle "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a larva. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008011_2084_1 structural constituent of pupal chitin-based cuticle "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a pupa. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008012_2084_1 structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008013_2084_1 beta-catenin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex." [GOC:bf] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008016_3489_1 regulation of heart contraction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008017_2084_1 microtubule binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers." [GOC:krc] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008020_2084_1 G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity "Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, ISBN:0198506732] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008021_726_1 synaptic vesicle "A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane." [PMID:10099709] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008022_2084_1 protein C-terminus binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008023_726_1 transcription elongation factor complex "Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation." [GOC:jl] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008024_726_1 positive transcription elongation factor complex b "A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains cyclin T and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit." [PMID:10766736, PMID:16721054, PMID:17079683, PMID:19328067, PMID:7759473] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008026_2084_1 ATP-dependent helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008028_2084_1 monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008030_2084_1 neuronal pentraxin receptor activity "Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:18840757] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008031_2084_1 eclosion hormone activity "The action characteristic of eclosion hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, triggers the death of certain muscles and neurons during insect metamorphosis." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008033_3489_1 tRNA processing "The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group." [GOC:jl, PMID:12533506] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008036_2084_1 diuretic hormone receptor activity "Combining with a diuretic hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai, GOC:signaling] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008038_3489_1 neuron recognition "The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008039_3489_1 synaptic target recognition "The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008043_726_1 intracellular ferritin complex "A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:19154717] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008045_3489_1 motor axon guidance "The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues." [ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008046_2084_1 axon guidance receptor activity "Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance." [GOC:dph, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, PMID:15107857, PMID:15339666] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008047_2084_1 enzyme activator activity "Increases the activity of an enzyme." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008048_2084_1 calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity "Increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008049_3489_1 male courtship behavior "The actions or reactions of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008052_3489_1 sensory organ boundary specification "The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:mtg_15jun06] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008053_3489_1 mitochondrial fusion "Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment." [PMID:11038192] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008054_3489_1 cyclin catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions." [GOC:mah, PMID:15840442] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008055_3489_1 ocellus pigment biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates." [GOC:ai, PMID:15176085, PMID:18421706] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008056_3489_1 ocellus development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/.bin/cvreport2?id=FBcv0004540] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008057_3489_1 eye pigment granule organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye." [PMID:9303295] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008060_2084_1 ARF GTPase activator activity "Increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by the GTPase ARF." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008061_2084_1 chitin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008062_3489_1 eclosion rhythm "The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn." [PMID:11715043] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008063_3489_1 Toll signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:11135568, PMID:19126860] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008064_3489_1 regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008065_3489_1 establishment of blood-nerve barrier "The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008066_2084_1 glutamate receptor activity "Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai, GOC:signaling] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008068_2084_1 extracellular-glutamate-gated chloride channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008069_3489_1 dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium "Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008070_3489_1 maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded "Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008071_3489_1 maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded "Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008073_2084_1 ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor activity "The stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008074_726_1 guanylate cyclase complex, soluble "Complex that possesses guanylate cyclase activity and is not bound to a membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008076_726_1 voltage-gated potassium channel complex "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008078_3489_1 mesodermal cell migration "The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008079_2084_1 translation termination factor activity "Functions in the termination of translation." [GOC:ma] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008080_2084_1 N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008081_2084_1 phosphoric diester hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group." [EC:3.1.4, GOC:curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008083_2084_1 growth factor activity "The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation." [ISBN:0815316194] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008084_2084_1 imaginal disc growth factor receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an imaginal disc growth factor receptor." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008086_2084_1 light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008087_726_1 light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus." [GOC:mah, PMID:9223679] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008088_3489_1 axon cargo transport "The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons." [ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008089_3489_1 anterograde axon cargo transport "The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons." [ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008090_3489_1 retrograde axon cargo transport "The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons." [ISBN:0815316194] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008091_726_1 spectrin "Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008092_2084_1 cytoskeletal protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton)." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008093_2084_1 cytoskeletal adaptor activity "The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way." [GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008094_2084_1 DNA-dependent ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single- or double-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008096_2084_1 juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the epoxide in a juvenile hormone to the corresponding diol." [GOC:mah, PMID:8396141] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008097_2084_1 5S rRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008098_2084_1 5S rRNA primary transcript binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008101_3489_1 decapentaplegic signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of decapentaplegic (dpp) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:sart, PMID:17428827] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0008103_3489_1 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization "Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11807042] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008104_3489_1 protein localization "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008105_3489_1 asymmetric protein localization "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location such that it is distributed asymmetrically." [GOC:ma] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008106_2084_1 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008108_2084_1 UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose." [EC:2.7.7.12, RHEA:13992] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008109_2084_1 N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R." [EC:2.4.1.150] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008111_2084_1 alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA." [EC:5.1.99.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008113_2084_1 peptide-methionine-(S)-S-oxide reductase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin, and L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin." [EC:1.8.4.11, PMID:11169920] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008117_2084_1 sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sphinganine 1-phosphate = phosphoethanolamine + palmitaldehyde." [EC:4.1.2.27] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008120_2084_1 ceramide glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine." [EC:2.4.1.80] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008121_2084_1 ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+." [EC:1.10.2.2, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008124_2084_1 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H(2)O." [EC:4.2.1.96, RHEA:11923] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008131_2084_1 primary amine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a primary amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.4.3.21, EC:1.4.3.22, EC:1.4.3.4, MetaCyc:RXN-9597] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008134_2084_1 transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008135_2084_1 translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding "Functions during translation by binding nucleic acids during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008137_2084_1 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol." [EC:1.6.5.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008138_2084_1 protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008139_2084_1 nuclear localization sequence binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008140_2084_1 cAMP response element binding protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cAMP response element binding protein." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008142_2084_1 oxysterol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxysterol, an oxidized form of cholesterol." [http://www.onelook.com/] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008143_2084_1 poly(A) RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of adenylyl residues in an RNA molecule, such as the poly(A) tail, a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008145_2084_1 phenylalkylamine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phenylalkylamine or any of its derivatives." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008146_2084_1 sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate." [EC:2.8.2, GOC:curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008150_3489_1 biological_process "Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] ND biological_process Spf45 GO:0008152_3489_1 metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008154_3489_1 actin polymerization or depolymerization "Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008156_3489_1 negative regulation of DNA replication "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008157_2084_1 protein phosphatase 1 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 1." [GOC:jl] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008158_2084_1 hedgehog receptor activity "Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, PMID:9278137] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008160_2084_1 protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity "Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a tyrosyl phenolic group of a protein." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008168_2084_1 methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008171_2084_1 O-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of an acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008173_2084_1 RNA methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008175_2084_1 tRNA methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008176_2084_1 tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N7-methylguanine." [EC:2.1.1.33] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008177_2084_1 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol." [EC:1.3.5.1, RHEA:13716] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008179_2084_1 adenylate cyclase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme adenylate cyclase." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008180_726_1 signalosome "A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome." [PMID:11019806, PMID:12186635, PMID:14570571] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008184_2084_1 glycogen phosphorylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glycogen + phosphate = maltodextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate." [EC:2.4.1.1, MetaCyc:GLYCOPHOSPHORYL-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008186_2084_1 RNA-dependent ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008187_2084_1 poly-pyrimidine tract binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008188_2084_1 neuropeptide receptor activity "Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008190_2084_1 eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008191_2084_1 metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008193_2084_1 tRNA guanylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs." [PMID:1660461] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008194_2084_1 UDP-glycosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule." [InterPro:IPR004224, PMID:11846783] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008195_2084_1 phosphatidate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.4, GOC:pr] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008196_2084_1 vitellogenin receptor activity "Receiving vitellogenin, and delivering vitellogenin into the cell via endocytosis." [GOC:bf, PMID:12429745] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008198_2084_1 ferrous iron binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferrous iron, Fe(II)." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008199_2084_1 ferric iron binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferric iron, Fe(III)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008201_2084_1 heparin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008202_3489_1 steroid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus." [ISBN:0198547684] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008203_3489_1 cholesterol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008205_3489_1 ecdysone metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008206_3489_1 bile acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008209_3489_1 androgen metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008210_3489_1 estrogen metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008219_3489_1 cell death "Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as \"apoptotic bodies\"); and/or (3) its corpse (or its fragments) have been engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008226_2084_1 tyramine receptor activity "Combining with the biogenic amine tyramine to initiate a change in cell activity. Tyramine is a sympathomimetic amine derived from tyrosine with an action resembling that of epinephrine." [http://www.onelook.com/] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008227_2084_1 G-protein coupled amine receptor activity "Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008230_726_1 ecdysone receptor holocomplex "A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes." [GOC:bf, PMID:14592980] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008231_726_1 repressor ecdysone receptor complex "A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes." [PMID:10488333] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008233_2084_1 peptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0815332181] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008234_2084_1 cysteine-type peptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008235_2084_1 metalloexopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#EXOPEPTIDASE] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008236_2084_1 serine-type peptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine)." [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, ISBN:0716720094] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008237_2084_1 metallopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008238_2084_1 exopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both." [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#EXOPEPTIDASE] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008239_2084_1 dipeptidyl-peptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain." [GOC:mb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008240_2084_1 tripeptidyl-peptidase activity "Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008241_2084_1 peptidyl-dipeptidase activity "Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain." [GOC:mb] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008242_2084_1 omega peptidase activity "Catalysis of the removal of terminal peptide residues that are substituted, cyclized or linked by isopeptide bonds (peptide linkages other than those of alpha-carboxyl to alpha-amino groups)." [EC:3.4.19.-] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008250_726_1 oligosaccharyltransferase complex "A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected." [ISBN:0879695595, PMID:15835887] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008251_2084_1 tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule." [GOC:mah, IMG:00700] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008252_2084_1 nucleotidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.31] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008253_2084_1 5'-nucleotidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008255_2084_1 ecdysis-triggering hormone activity "The action characteristic of ecdysis-triggering hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, initiates pre-ecdysis and ecdysis (i.e. cuticle shedding) through direct action on the central nervous system." [GOC:mah, PMID:9020043] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008258_3489_1 head involution "Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo." [ISBN:08795694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008260_2084_1 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxo-acyl-CoA." [EC:2.8.3.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008261_2084_1 allatostatin receptor activity "Combining with allatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008262_2084_1 importin-alpha export receptor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with importin-alpha to mediate its transfer through the nuclear pore to the cytoplasm." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:12486120] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008263_2084_1 pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity "Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site." [GOC:elh, PMID:9224623] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008265_2084_1 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity "Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase." [GOC:mah, PMID:11549764] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008266_2084_1 poly(U) RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008269_2084_1 JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity "The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way." [GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008270_2084_1 zinc ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008271_2084_1 secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the secondary active transfer of sulfate from one side of the membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport." [GOC:mtg_transport] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008272_3489_1 sulfate transport "The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008273_2084_1 calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.19.4.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008274_726_1 gamma-tubulin ring complex "A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins that forms a flexible open ring structure thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule." [GOC:clt, PMID:12134075] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008275_726_1 gamma-tubulin small complex "A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex." [PMID:11297925, PMID:12134075] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008276_2084_1 protein methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group (CH3-) to a protein." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008277_3489_1 regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008278_726_1 cohesin complex "A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3)." [GOC:sp, PMID:9887095] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008280_726_1 cohesin core heterodimer "The core heterodimer of a cohesin complex; a structure required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008281_2084_1 sulfonylurea receptor activity "Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai, GOC:signaling] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008282_726_1 ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex "A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.2 subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SUR1 subunit stimulates channel activity." [PMID:16308567, PMID:16956886] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008283_3489_1 cell proliferation "The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population." [GOC:mah, GOC:mb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008284_3489_1 positive regulation of cell proliferation "Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0008285_3489_1 negative regulation of cell proliferation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008286_3489_1 insulin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin." [GOC:ceb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008287_726_1 protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex "A complex, normally consisting of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit, which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a serine or threonine residue of a protein." [GOC:bf] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008288_2084_1 boss receptor activity "Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate." [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008289_2084_1 lipid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008290_726_1 F-actin capping protein complex "A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198599560] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008292_3489_1 acetylcholine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800752] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008293_3489_1 torso signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:8343949] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0008294_2084_1 calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate, stimulated by calcium-bound calmodulin." [EC:4.6.1.1, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008295_3489_1 spermidine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008296_2084_1 3'-5'-exodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008298_3489_1 intracellular mRNA localization "Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008299_3489_1 isoprenoid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues." [ISBN:0198506732] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0008301_2084_1 DNA binding, bending "The activity of binding to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence." [GOC:krc, PMID:10710711, PMID:19037758] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008302_3489_1 female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly "Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008303_726_1 caspase complex "A protein complex that is located in the cytosol and acts as a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process; the peptidase activity has specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0198506732] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008305_726_1 integrin complex "A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands." [PMID:17543136] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008306_3489_1 associative learning "Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect)." [ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008307_2084_1 structural constituent of muscle "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008308_2084_1 voltage-gated anion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008310_2084_1 single-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008311_2084_1 double-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008312_2084_1 7S RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP)." [GOC:jl, PMID:6181418] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008313_2084_1 gurken-activated receptor activity "Combining with the ligand Gurken to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:bf] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008314_3489_1 gurken receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to the ligand Gurken." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008315_3489_1 meiotic G2/MI transition "The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiotic prophase to metaphase I." [PMID:15088480] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008316_2084_1 structural constituent of vitelline membrane "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mah, GOC:sensu] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008317_2084_1 gurken receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gurken growth factor receptor." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008318_2084_1 protein prenyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008320_2084_1 protein transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008321_2084_1 Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ral family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008324_2084_1 cation transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:dgf, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008327_2084_1 methyl-CpG binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide." [GOC:jl, PMID:11746232] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008328_726_1 ionotropic glutamate receptor complex "A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex." [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Synaptic/info/glutamate.html] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008329_2084_1 pattern recognition receptor activity "Combining with a molecular pattern based on a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan, to initiate a change in cell activity. Such molecular patterns are sometimes associated with potential pathogens." [PMID:12507420, PMID:12925128, PMID:14523544] IC molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008330_2084_1 protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008331_2084_1 high voltage-gated calcium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008332_2084_1 low voltage-gated calcium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a low voltage-gated channel. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008333_3489_1 endosome to lysosome transport "The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0716731363] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008334_3489_1 histone mRNA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:17855393] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008335_3489_1 female germline ring canal stabilization "Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008336_2084_1 gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O(2) = carnitine + CO(2) + succinate." [EC:1.14.11.1, RHEA:24031] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008340_3489_1 determination of adult lifespan "The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle." [GOC:ems] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008343_3489_1 adult feeding behavior "Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008344_3489_1 adult locomotory behavior "Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008345_3489_1 larval locomotory behavior "Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008347_3489_1 glial cell migration "The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008348_3489_1 negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0008349_2084_1 MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli." [GOC:bf, PMID:11790549] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008352_726_1 katanin complex "A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa)." [PMID:10910766] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008353_2084_1 RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II) = ADP + phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase II); phosphorylation occurs on residues in the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) repeats." [EC:2.7.11.23, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008354_3489_1 germ cell migration "The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008355_3489_1 olfactory learning "Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue." [ISBN:0582227089] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008356_3489_1 asymmetric cell division "The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity." [PMID:11672519] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008358_3489_1 maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo "The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008359_3489_1 regulation of bicoid mRNA localization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008360_3489_1 regulation of cell shape "Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008361_3489_1 regulation of cell size "Any process that modulates the size of a cell." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008362_3489_1 chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process "Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12019232] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008363_3489_1 larval chitin-based cuticle development "Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008364_3489_1 pupal chitin-based cuticle development "Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based pupal cuticle. At the end of the prepupal period the insect is covered by the pupal cuticle which continues to be elaborated into the pupal period. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008365_3489_1 adult chitin-based cuticle development "Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008366_3489_1 axon ensheathment "Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008373_2084_1 sialyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins." [EC:2.4.99, Wikipedia:Sialyltransferase] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008374_2084_1 O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008375_2084_1 acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008376_2084_1 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008377_3489_1 light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion "The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008378_2084_1 galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008379_2084_1 thioredoxin peroxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin + hydrogen peroxide = thioredoxin disulfide + H2O." [MetaCyc:RXN0-267] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008380_3489_1 RNA splicing "The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008381_2084_1 mechanically-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008384_2084_1 IkappaB kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein." [EC:2.7.11.10] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008385_726_1 IkappaB kinase complex "A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:ma, PMID:12055104, PMID:20300203] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008395_2084_1 steroid hydroxylase activity "Catalysis of the formation of a hydroxyl group on a steroid by incorporation of oxygen from O2." [ISBN:0721662544] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008406_3489_1 gonad development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008407_3489_1 chaeta morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell." [FBbt:00005177, GOC:bf, GOC:cjm, GOC:dos, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008408_2084_1 3'-5' exonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008409_2084_1 5'-3' exonuclease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008410_2084_1 CoA-transferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008411_2084_1 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008412_2084_1 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate." [MetaCyc:4OHBENZOATE-OCTAPRENYLTRANSFER-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008414_2084_1 CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008416_2084_1 delta5-delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase activity "Catalysis of the isomerization of 3,5-dienoyl-CoA to 2,4-dienoyl-CoA." [PMID:11278886] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008417_2084_1 fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008418_2084_1 protein-N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein-L-asparagine + H2O = protein-L-aspartate + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal asparagine residue in a peptide or protein." [PMID:8910481] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008419_2084_1 RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide." [PMID:7519612] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008420_2084_1 CTD phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase) + H2O = (DNA-directed RNA polymerase) + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.16] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008422_2084_1 beta-glucosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose." [EC:3.2.1.21] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008424_2084_1 glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H(+)." [EC:2.4.1.68, RHEA:12988] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008425_2084_1 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine." [GOC:kd, PMID:9083048] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008426_2084_1 protein kinase C inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008428_2084_1 ribonuclease inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ribonuclease, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008429_2084_1 phosphatidylethanolamine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008430_2084_1 selenium binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with selenium (Se)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008431_2084_1 vitamin E binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant." [CHEBI:33234, GOC:curators, ISBN:0721662544] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008440_2084_1 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.127, RHEA:11023] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008441_2084_1 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.7] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008442_2084_1 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.31] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008444_2084_1 CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H(+)." [EC:2.7.8.5, RHEA:12596] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008445_2084_1 D-aspartate oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.4.3.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008446_2084_1 GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H(2)O." [EC:4.2.1.47, RHEA:23823] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008447_2084_1 L-ascorbate oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O." [EC:1.10.3.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008448_2084_1 N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate." [EC:3.5.1.25] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008449_2084_1 N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate." [EC:3.1.6.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008453_2084_1 alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine." [EC:2.6.1.44] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008454_2084_1 alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R." [EC:2.4.1.145] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008455_2084_1 alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R." [EC:2.4.1.143] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008456_2084_1 alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides." [EC:3.2.1.49] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008458_2084_1 carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.137, RHEA:17180] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008459_2084_1 chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate." [EC:2.8.2.17] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008460_2084_1 dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(2)O." [EC:4.2.1.46, RHEA:17224] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008466_2084_1 glycogenin glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + glucosylglycogenin." [EC:2.4.1.186] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008467_2084_1 [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S." [EC:2.8.2.23] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008469_2084_1 histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine." [EC:2.1.1.125] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008470_2084_1 isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + ETF = 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced ETF." [EC:1.3.99.10] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008474_2084_1 palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein." [EC:3.1.2.22] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008475_2084_1 procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2." [EC:1.14.11.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008476_2084_1 protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate." [EC:2.8.2.20] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008478_2084_1 pyridoxal kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.35] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008479_2084_1 queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + queuine = tRNA queuine + guanine." [EC:2.4.2.29] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008480_2084_1 sarcosine dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein." [EC:1.5.8.3, RHEA:19796] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008482_2084_1 sulfite oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + sulfite = H(2)O(2) + H(+) + sulfate." [EC:1.8.3.1, RHEA:24603] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008483_2084_1 transaminase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008484_2084_1 sulfuric ester hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any sulfuric ester bond, any ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008486_2084_1 diphosphoinositol-polyphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.52] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008488_2084_1 gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide." [PMID:18374194] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008494_2084_1 translation activator activity "Any of a group of soluble proteins functioning in the activation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008495_2084_1 protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme o + diphosphate." [MetaCyc:HEMEOSYN-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008496_2084_1 mannan endo-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity "Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans." [EC:3.2.1.101] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008499_2084_1 UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP." [PMID:10212226] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008502_2084_1 melatonin receptor activity "Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008503_2084_1 benzodiazepine receptor activity "Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008504_2084_1 monoamine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of the membrane to the other." [CHEBI:25375, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008506_2084_1 sucrose:hydrogen symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in)." [TC:2.A.1.5.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008507_2084_1 sodium:iodide symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.21.5.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008508_2084_1 bile acid:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.28.-.-] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008509_2084_1 anion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dgf, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008510_2084_1 sodium:bicarbonate symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in)." [TC:2.A.31.2.1] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008511_2084_1 sodium:potassium:chloride symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in)." [TC:2.A.30.1.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008513_2084_1 secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of organic cations from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction." [GOC:curators] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008514_2084_1 organic anion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008515_2084_1 sucrose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of sucrose from one side of the membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008517_2084_1 folic acid transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008518_2084_1 reduced folate carrier activity "Catalysis of the transfer of reduced folate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport." [GOC:mtg_transport] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008519_2084_1 ammonium transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008520_2084_1 L-ascorbate:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = ascorbate(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.40.6.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008521_2084_1 acetyl-CoA transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008523_2084_1 sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate." [TC:2.A.21.5.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008524_2084_1 glucose 6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out)." [TC:2.A.1.-.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008525_2084_1 phosphatidylcholine transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008526_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylinositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylinositol refers to any glycophospholipids with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008527_2084_1 taste receptor activity "Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste." [GOC:dph] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008528_2084_1 G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity "Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008531_2084_1 riboflavin kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + riboflavin = ADP + FMN + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.26, RHEA:14360] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008532_2084_1 N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R." [EC:2.4.1.149] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008534_2084_1 oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity "Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site." [GOC:elh, PMID:11554296] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008535_3489_1 respiratory chain complex IV assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms." [GOC:jl, http://www.med.wright.edu/bmb/lp/lplab.htm] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008536_2084_1 Ran GTPase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ran, a conserved Ras-like GTP-binding protein, implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport, cell cycle progression, spindle assembly, nuclear organization and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly." [GOC:rn, PMID:12787777, PMID:14726649] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008537_726_1 proteasome activator complex "A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex." [GOC:rb] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008540_726_1 proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex "The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex." [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rb] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008541_726_1 proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex "The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex." [GOC:rb] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008542_3489_1 visual learning "Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008543_3489_1 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:ceb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008544_3489_1 epidermis development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species." [GOC:go_curators, UBERON:0001003] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008545_2084_1 JUN kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase." [GOC:bf, PMID:11057897, PMID:11790549] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008553_2084_1 hydrogen-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism." [EC:3.6.3.6] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008559_2084_1 xenobiotic-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out)." [EC:3.6.3.44] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008565_2084_1 protein transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008566_2084_1 mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex." [EC:3.6.3.51] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008568_2084_1 microtubule-severing ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP." [EC:3.6.4.3, PMID:10910766] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008569_2084_1 minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity "Catalysis of movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP (or GTP)." [EC:3.6.4.5, GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008574_2084_1 plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity "Catalysis of movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP (or GTP)." [EC:3.6.4.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008579_2084_1 JUN kinase phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008582_3489_1 regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008583_3489_1 mystery cell differentiation "The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [ISBN:0632030488, PMID:1295747] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008584_3489_1 male gonad development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008585_3489_1 female gonad development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008586_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis "The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized." [GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008587_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0008588_3489_1 release of cytoplasmic sequestered NF-kappaB "The release of NF-kappaB from specific molecules in the cytoplasm to which it was bound, thereby allowing its translocation into the nucleus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008589_3489_1 regulation of smoothened signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008592_3489_1 regulation of Toll signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008593_3489_1 regulation of Notch signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008594_3489_1 photoreceptor cell morphogenesis "The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008595_3489_1 anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo "The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008597_2084_1 calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase regulator activity "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase." [EC:3.1.3.16, GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008599_2084_1 protein phosphatase type 1 regulator activity "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 1." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008601_2084_1 protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008603_2084_1 cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cAMP-dependent protein kinase." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008607_2084_1 phosphorylase kinase regulator activity "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme phosphorylase kinase." [EC:2.7.11.19] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008608_3489_1 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore "The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex." [GOC:vw, PMID:10322137] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008609_2084_1 alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion." [EC:2.5.1.26] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008610_3489_1 lipid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008611_3489_1 ether lipid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol." [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:15337120] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008612_3489_1 peptidyl-lysine modification to hypusine "The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine." [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684, RESID:AA0116] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008613_2084_1 diuretic hormone activity "The action characteristic of a diuretic hormone, any peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, regulates water balance and fluid secretion." [GOC:mah, InterPro:IPR003621, PMID:8618894] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008615_3489_1 pyridoxine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008616_3489_1 queuosine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008622_726_1 epsilon DNA polymerase complex "A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair." [PMID:15814431, PMID:9745046] IC cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008623_726_1 chromatin accessibility complex "A multisubunit complex that uses ATP to increase the general accessibility of DNA in chromatin. Unlike other known chromatin remodeling complexes, CHRAC can also function during chromatin assembly; it uses ATP to convert irregular chromatin into a regular array of nucleosomes with even spacing." [GOC:bf, PMID:9252192] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0008627_3489_1 induction of apoptosis by ionic changes "Any process induced by changes in intracellular ion homeostasis that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis." [PMID:11454444, PMID:16483738] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0008628_3489_1 induction of apoptosis by hormones "Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008630_3489_1 DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis "A cascade of processes initiated by the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death)." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008633_3489_1 activation of pro-apoptotic gene products "The conversion of proteins that induce or sustain apoptosis to an active form." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008635_3489_1 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c "Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, PMID:14744432, Wikipedia:Caspase] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0008641_2084_1 small protein activating enzyme activity "Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008643_3489_1 carbohydrate transport "The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008649_2084_1 rRNA methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008650_2084_1 rRNA (uridine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008652_3489_1 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008654_3489_1 phospholipid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0008656_2084_1 cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process "Increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008665_2084_1 2'-phosphotransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one compound to the 2' position of another." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008745_2084_1 N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides." [EC:3.5.1.28] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008757_2084_1 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008762_2084_1 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.158] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008774_2084_1 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.10] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008781_2084_1 N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + N-acylneuraminate = diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate." [EC:2.7.7.43] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008796_2084_1 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008805_2084_1 carbon-monoxide oxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + ferrocytochrome b-561 = CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b-561." [EC:1.2.2.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008808_2084_1 cardiolipin synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = diphosphatidylglycerol + glycerol." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008812_2084_1 choline dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: A + choline = AH(2) + betaine aldehyde." [EC:1.1.99.1, RHEA:17436] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008821_2084_1 crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction)." [EC:3.1.22.4] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008835_2084_1 diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H(2)O + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH(4)(+)." [EC:3.5.4.26, RHEA:21871] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008852_2084_1 exodeoxyribonuclease I activity "Catalysis of the degradation of single-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides." [EC:3.1.11.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008853_2084_1 exodeoxyribonuclease III activity "Catalysis of the degradation of double-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides." [EC:3.1.11.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008859_2084_1 exoribonuclease II activity "Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction." [EC:3.1.13.1, ISBN:0198547684] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008887_2084_1 glycerate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.31, RHEA:23519] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008889_2084_1 glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a glycerophosphodiester + H2O = an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate." [EC:3.1.4.46] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008890_2084_1 glycine C-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CoA + H(+)." [EC:2.3.1.29, RHEA:20739] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008891_2084_1 glycolate oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + O2 = glyoxylate + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.1.3.15] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008892_2084_1 guanine deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3." [EC:3.5.4.3] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008893_2084_1 guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate + diphosphate." [EC:3.1.7.2] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008897_2084_1 holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form." [EC:2.7.8.7, PMID:10320345, PMID:11867633, PMID:8939709] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008898_2084_1 homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine." [EC:2.1.1.10] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008900_2084_1 hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in)." [EC:3.6.3.10] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008903_2084_1 hydroxypyruvate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate." [EC:5.3.1.22, RHEA:11955] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008934_2084_1 inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.25] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008936_2084_1 nicotinamidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide + H2O = nicotinate + NH3." [EC:3.5.1.19] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008937_2084_1 ferredoxin-NAD(P) reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.18.1.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008946_2084_1 oligonucleotidase activity "Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligonucleotides to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates." [EC:3.1.13.3] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008949_2084_1 oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + oxalyl-CoA = CO(2) + formyl-CoA." [EC:4.1.1.8, RHEA:19336] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008963_2084_1 phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol." [EC:2.7.8.13] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008967_2084_1 phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycolate + H(2)O = glycolate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.18, RHEA:14372] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0008970_2084_1 phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate." [EC:3.1.1.32] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009007_2084_1 site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine." [EC:2.1.1.72] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009013_2084_1 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity "Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = succinate + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.2.1.16] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009041_2084_1 uridylate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)UMP = ADP + (d)UDP." [GOC:go_curators] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009047_3489_1 dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome "Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0140512888, PMID:11498577] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009048_3489_1 dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome "Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0140512888, PMID:11498577] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009052_3489_1 pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch "The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P." [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:NONOXIPENT-PWY] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009055_2084_1 electron carrier activity "Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport system." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009056_3489_1 catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009058_3489_1 biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009059_3489_1 macromolecule biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." [CHEBI:33694, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009060_3489_1 aerobic respiration "The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0140513590] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009062_3489_1 fatty acid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009072_3489_1 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan)." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009081_3489_1 branched-chain amino acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine." [CHEBI:22918, GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009082_3489_1 branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine." [CHEBI:22918, GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009086_3489_1 methionine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009087_3489_1 methionine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009101_3489_1 glycoprotein biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009103_3489_1 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009107_3489_1 lipoate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009110_3489_1 vitamin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009113_3489_1 purine nucleobase biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine." [CHEBI:26386, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009115_3489_1 xanthine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009116_3489_1 nucleoside metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine)." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009117_3489_1 nucleotide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." [GOC:ma] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009152_3489_1 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009156_3489_1 ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009157_3489_1 deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009165_3489_1 nucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009166_3489_1 nucleotide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009168_3489_1 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009186_3489_1 deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009187_3489_1 cyclic nucleotide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009190_3489_1 cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009229_3489_1 thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle." [CHEBI:45931, GOC:jl, ISBN:0140512713] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009231_3489_1 riboflavin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)." [GOC:jl, http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/vitamins.html] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009234_3489_1 menaquinone biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2." [GOC:jl, http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009235_3489_1 cobalamin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009247_3489_1 glycolipid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide)." [CHEBI:33563, GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009249_3489_1 protein lipoylation "The addition of a lipoyl group to an amino acid residue in a protein." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009253_3489_1 peptidoglycan catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls." [http://www.dsmz.de/species/murein.htm, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009256_3489_1 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009258_3489_1 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009263_3489_1 deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009264_3489_1 deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009266_3489_1 response to temperature stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus." [GOC:hb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009267_3489_1 cellular response to starvation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009269_3489_1 response to desiccation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009270_3489_1 response to humidity "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009279_726_1 cell outer membrane "A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0135712254] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009288_726_1 bacterial-type flagellum "A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope." [GOC:jh2, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:7787060] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009296_3489_1 flagellum assembly "The assembly of a flagellum. In bacteria, this is a whiplike motility appendage present on the surface of some species; in eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella are composed of flagellin and have the same basic structure as cilia but are longer in proportion to the cell and present in much smaller numbers." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009298_3489_1 GDP-mannose biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009303_3489_1 rRNA transcription "The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009306_3489_1 protein secretion "The controlled release of proteins from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009308_3489_1 amine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009311_3489_1 oligosaccharide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009312_3489_1 oligosaccharide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009314_3489_1 response to radiation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation." [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009328_726_1 phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex "An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe)." [EC:6.1.1.20] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009331_726_1 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex "An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate." [EC:1.1.5.3] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009353_726_1 mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex "A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. An example of this complex is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:mtg_sensu, MetaCyc:CPLX66-42, PMID:10848975] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009361_726_1 succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming) "A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP." [EC:6.2.1.5, GOC:jl] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009368_726_1 endopeptidase Clp complex "A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form." [GOC:mah, PMID:11352464] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009395_3489_1 phospholipid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009396_3489_1 folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009398_3489_1 FMN biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase." [CHEBI:17621, GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009405_3489_1 pathogenesis "The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to cause disease in another." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009408_3489_1 response to heat "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism." [GOC:lr] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009409_3489_1 response to cold "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism." [GOC:lr] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009411_3489_1 response to UV "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers." [GOC:hb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009414_3489_1 response to water deprivation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water." [GOC:lr] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009415_3489_1 response to water stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009416_3489_1 response to light stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009434_726_1 microtubule-based flagellum "A long, whiplike protrusion from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, whose undulations drive the cell through a liquid medium; similar in structure to a cilium. The flagellum is based on a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009435_3489_1 NAD biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0618254153] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009436_3489_1 glyoxylate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009437_3489_1 carnitine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009443_3489_1 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage "Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009448_3489_1 gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009449_3489_1 gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009450_3489_1 gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009451_3489_1 RNA modification "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:1555811337] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009452_3489_1 7-methylguanosine RNA capping "The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent RNA polymerase II transcript." [PMID:9266685] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009566_3489_1 fertilization "The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy)." [GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009584_3489_1 detection of visible light "The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009586_3489_1 rhodopsin mediated phototransduction "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon and the events then required to return the rhodopsin containing cell to the unexcited state." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009588_3489_1 UV-A, blue light phototransduction "The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of approximately 400-500 nm." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009589_3489_1 detection of UV "The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009593_3489_1 detection of chemical stimulus "The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009594_3489_1 detection of nutrient "The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009597_3489_1 detection of virus "The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009608_3489_1 response to symbiont "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction." [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009609_3489_1 response to symbiotic bacterium "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism." [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009611_3489_1 response to wounding "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009612_3489_1 response to mechanical stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus." [GOC:hb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0009615_3489_1 response to virus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus." [GOC:hb] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009617_3489_1 response to bacterium "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium." [GOC:hb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009620_3489_1 response to fungus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus." [GOC:hb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009629_3489_1 response to gravity "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009631_3489_1 cold acclimation "Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures." [GOC:syr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009636_3489_1 response to toxin "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus." [GOC:lr] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009637_3489_1 response to blue light "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_far_red] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009642_3489_1 response to light intensity "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009648_3489_1 photoperiodism "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species." [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009649_3489_1 entrainment of circadian clock "The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light." [GOC:jid] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009650_3489_1 UV protection "Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV." [GOC:jl, GOC:ml] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009651_3489_1 response to salt stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009653_3489_1 anatomical structure morphogenesis "The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0521436125] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009720_3489_1 detection of hormone stimulus "The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:sm] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009725_3489_1 response to hormone stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009731_3489_1 detection of sucrose stimulus "The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:sm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009744_3489_1 response to sucrose stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009749_3489_1 response to glucose stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009755_3489_1 hormone-mediated signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone." [GOC:sm] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009758_3489_1 carbohydrate utilization "A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism." [GOC:mah, GOC:mcc2, GOC:mlg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009785_3489_1 blue light signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm." [GOC:lr, GOC:sm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009786_3489_1 regulation of asymmetric cell division "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division." [GOC:lr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009790_3489_1 embryo development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009791_3489_1 post-embryonic development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009792_3489_1 embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009794_3489_1 regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009798_3489_1 axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009855_3489_1 determination of bilateral symmetry "The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009880_3489_1 embryonic pattern specification "The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0521436125] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009881_2084_1 photoreceptor activity "The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation." [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009882_2084_1 blue light photoreceptor activity "The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation." [GOC:tb] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009887_3489_1 organ morphogenesis "Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions." [GOC:dgh, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0471245208, ISBN:0721662544] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009888_3489_1 tissue development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [ISBN:0471245208] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009897_726_1 external side of plasma membrane "The side of the plasma membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm." [GOC:tb] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009898_726_1 internal side of plasma membrane "The side of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm." [GOC:tb] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009913_3489_1 epidermal cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009922_2084_1 fatty acid elongase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid (C-16 or longer) + 2-C = fatty acid (C-16 or longer + 2-C)." [GOC:tb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009925_726_1 basal plasma membrane "The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis." [GOC:go_curators] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009946_3489_1 proximal/distal axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end)." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009948_3489_1 anterior/posterior axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009949_3489_1 polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis "Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009950_3489_1 dorsal/ventral axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009951_3489_1 polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis "Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009952_3489_1 anterior/posterior pattern specification "The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009953_3489_1 dorsal/ventral pattern formation "The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0009954_3489_1 proximal/distal pattern formation "The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end)." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009966_3489_1 regulation of signal transduction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction." [GOC:sm] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0009968_3489_1 negative regulation of signal transduction "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction." [GOC:sm] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009972_3489_1 cytidine deamination "The removal of amino group in the presence of water." [GOC:sm] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0009982_2084_1 pseudouridine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5." [EC:5.4.99.12, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0009986_726_1 cell surface "The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0009987_3489_1 cellular process "Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0009994_3489_1 oocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009996_3489_1 negative regulation of cell fate specification "Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0009997_3489_1 negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification "Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010001_3489_1 glial cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0010002_3489_1 cardioblast differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010004_3489_1 gastrulation involving germ band extension "A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010008_726_1 endosome membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0010025_3489_1 wax biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids." [ISBN:0943088399] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0010032_3489_1 meiotic chromosome condensation "Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells." [PMID:10072401] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010037_3489_1 response to carbon dioxide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus." [GOC:sm] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0010038_3489_1 response to metal ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus." [GOC:sm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010043_3489_1 response to zinc ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus." [GOC:sm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010092_3489_1 specification of organ identity "The regionalization process in which the identity of an organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [GOC:tair_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010106_3489_1 cellular response to iron ion starvation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions." [GOC:mg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010114_3489_1 response to red light "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs." [GOC:mtg_far_red, GOC:sm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010133_3489_1 proline catabolic process to glutamate "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate." [GOC:pz] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010155_3489_1 regulation of proton transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:sm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010165_3489_1 response to X-ray "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz)." [GOC:sm, Wikipedia:X-ray] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010171_3489_1 body morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0010181_2084_1 FMN binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FMN, flavin mononucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes." [GOC:tb] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010212_3489_1 response to ionizing radiation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays." [PMID:12509526] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010224_3489_1 response to UV-B "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 290 to 320 nm." [GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010226_3489_1 response to lithium ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus." [GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010259_3489_1 multicellular organismal aging "An aging process that has as participant a whole multicellular organism. Multicellular organism aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Multicellular organisms aging includes processes like cellular senescence and organ senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) of an organism and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700)." [GOC:PO_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010272_3489_1 response to silver ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus." [PMID:16367966] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010309_2084_1 acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H(+)." [EC:1.13.11.54, RHEA:24507] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010314_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position." [GOC:bf, GOC:tair_curators] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010332_3489_1 response to gamma radiation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum." [GOC:tair_curators, Wikipedia:Gamma_ray] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010353_3489_1 response to trehalose stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus." [PMID:17031512] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010369_726_1 chromocenter "A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure." [PMID:12384572, PMID:15053486, PMID:16831888] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0010378_3489_1 temperature compensation of the circadian clock "The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms." [PMID:16617099] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010385_2084_1 double-stranded methylated DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded methylated DNA. Cytosine methylation in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks." [PMID:17242155] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010389_3489_1 regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [PMID:17329565] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010436_2084_1 carotenoid dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids." [PMID:16459333] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010452_3489_1 histone H3-K36 methylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 36 of the histone." [GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010457_3489_1 centriole-centriole cohesion "The process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010458_3489_1 exit from mitosis "The cell cycle process where a cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010466_3489_1 negative regulation of peptidase activity "Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010467_3489_1 gene expression "The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010468_3489_1 regulation of gene expression "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010484_2084_1 H3 histone acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3." [EC:2.3.1.48] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010485_2084_1 H4 histone acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 = CoA + acetyl-histone H4." [EC:2.3.1.48] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010494_726_1 cytoplasmic stress granule "A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress." [GOC:ans, PMID:17284590, PMID:17601829, PMID:17967451, PMID:20368989] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0010496_3489_1 intercellular transport "The movement of substances between cells in a multicellular organism." [GOC:dhl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010498_3489_1 proteasomal protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome." [GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010506_3489_1 regulation of autophagy "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010507_3489_1 negative regulation of autophagy "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010508_3489_1 positive regulation of autophagy "Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010522_3489_1 regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol "Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010526_3489_1 negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0010529_3489_1 negative regulation of transposition "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010565_3489_1 regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process "Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010569_3489_1 regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences." [GOC:dph, GOC:jp, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010586_3489_1 miRNA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression." [PMID:17993620] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010591_3489_1 regulation of lamellipodium assembly "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010593_3489_1 negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010603_3489_1 regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body." [GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010606_3489_1 positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body." [GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010608_3489_1 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010623_3489_1 developmental programmed cell death "The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010628_3489_1 positive regulation of gene expression "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010629_3489_1 negative regulation of gene expression "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010632_3489_1 regulation of epithelial cell migration "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010635_3489_1 regulation of mitochondrial fusion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010669_3489_1 epithelial structure maintenance "A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010741_3489_1 negative regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0010778_3489_1 meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination "The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010780_3489_1 meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination "The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010793_3489_1 regulation of mRNA export from nucleus "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010797_3489_1 regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport "Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010800_3489_1 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010821_3489_1 regulation of mitochondrion organization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010824_3489_1 regulation of centrosome duplication "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010841_3489_1 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness "Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010862_3489_1 positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010866_3489_1 regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010867_3489_1 positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0010883_3489_1 regulation of lipid storage "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010884_3489_1 positive regulation of lipid storage "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010888_3489_1 negative regulation of lipid storage "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010889_3489_1 regulation of sequestering of triglyceride "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010890_3489_1 positive regulation of sequestering of triglyceride "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010891_3489_1 negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010898_3489_1 positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process "Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride." [GOC:rn, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010906_3489_1 regulation of glucose metabolic process "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose." [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010941_3489_1 regulation of cell death "Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010942_3489_1 positive regulation of cell death "Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010950_3489_1 positive regulation of endopeptidase activity "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0010951_3489_1 negative regulation of endopeptidase activity "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010952_3489_1 positive regulation of peptidase activity "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010955_3489_1 negative regulation of protein processing "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010960_3489_1 magnesium ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010965_3489_1 regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010970_3489_1 microtubule-based transport "Microtubule-based movement that results in the net, directed movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010971_3489_1 positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that increases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0010972_3489_1 negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that decreases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0010997_2084_1 anaphase-promoting complex binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0010998_3489_1 regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0012501_3489_1 programmed cell death "A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell." [GOC:lr, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0012502_3489_1 induction of programmed cell death "A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death." [GOC:lr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0012505_726_1 endomembrane system "A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles." [GOC:lh] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0012506_726_1 vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0012507_726_1 ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi." [GOC:ai, GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0014017_3489_1 neuroblast fate commitment "The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast." [GOC:ef, ISBN:0878932585] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014018_3489_1 neuroblast fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [GOC:ef, ISBN:0878932585] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014019_3489_1 neuroblast development "The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron." [GOC:ef, ISBN:0878932585] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014045_3489_1 establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier "Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014047_3489_1 glutamate secretion "The controlled release of glutamate by a cell or group of cells. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system." [GOC:ef] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014059_3489_1 regulation of dopamine secretion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine." [GOC:ef] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014069_726_1 postsynaptic density "The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases." [GOC:BHF, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, GOC:sjp, http://molneuro.kaist.ac.kr/psd, PMID:14532281, Wikipedia:Postsynaptic_density] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0014703_3489_1 oscillatory muscle contraction "A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation." [GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014706_3489_1 striated muscle tissue development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells." [CL:0000737, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014853_3489_1 regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction "Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential." [GOC:ef, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0014866_3489_1 skeletal myofibril assembly "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells." [GOC:ef, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0015002_2084_1 heme-copper terminal oxidase activity "Catalysis of the four-electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water, coupled to generation of a proton electrochemical gradient across a membrane." [GOC:kd] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015012_3489_1 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0198547684, RESID:AA0210] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0015014_3489_1 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0015016_2084_1 [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-N-sulfoglucosamine." [EC:2.8.2.8] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015018_2084_1 galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein." [EC:2.4.1.135] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015020_2084_1 glucuronosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside." [EC:2.4.1.17] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015030_726_1 Cajal body "A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA." [http://genetics.cwru.edu/matera3.html, PMID:10944589, PMID:11031238, PMID:7559785] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0015031_3489_1 protein transport "The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015032_3489_1 storage protein import into fat body "The incorporation of hemolymph proteins by cells of the fat body of holometabolous insects, during the final larval stage. Uptake of these proteins prepares the insect for pupation and metamorphosis, since insect pupae do not feed and therefore depend on material that has been accumulated during larval life." [GOC:bf, PMID:10231363] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0015035_2084_1 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds." [MetaCyc:DISULFOXRED-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015036_2084_1 disulfide oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds." [MetaCyc:DISULFOXRED-RXN] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015037_2084_1 peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a peptide with reduced sulfide groups = a peptide with oxidized disulfide bonds." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:DISULFOXRED-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015039_2084_1 NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized adrenodoxin + NADPH + H+ = reduced adrenodoxin + NADP+." [EC:1.18.1.2, GOC:kd] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015054_2084_1 gastrin receptor activity "Combining with gastrin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015074_3489_1 DNA integration "The process in which a segment of DNA is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015075_2084_1 ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dgf, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015077_2084_1 monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a inorganic cations with a valency of one from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015078_2084_1 hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of hydrogen ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015088_2084_1 copper uptake transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Cu+(out) = Cu+(in)." [TC:9.A.12.-.-] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015095_2084_1 magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dgf] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015101_2084_1 organic cation transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015105_2084_1 arsenite transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015106_2084_1 bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015114_2084_1 phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015116_2084_1 sulfate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015117_2084_1 thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of thiosulfate ions, S2O3(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015131_2084_1 oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015137_2084_1 citrate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015140_2084_1 malate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of malate from one side of the membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015141_2084_1 succinate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, from one side of the membrane to the other." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015142_2084_1 tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of tricarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. Tricarboxylic acid are organic acids with three COOH groups." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015143_2084_1 urate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of urate from one side of the membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015144_2084_1 carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015145_2084_1 monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015149_2084_1 hexose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015165_2084_1 pyrimidine nucleotide sugar transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015169_2084_1 glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015171_2084_1 amino acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015175_2084_1 neutral amino acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of neutral amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Neutral amino acids have a pH of 7." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015179_2084_1 L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015183_2084_1 L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015184_2084_1 L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of L-cystine from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015187_2084_1 glycine transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015198_2084_1 oligopeptide transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015205_2084_1 nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015220_2084_1 choline transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of choline from one side of the membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015222_2084_1 serotonin transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of serotonin from one side of the membrane to the other. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015226_2084_1 carnitine transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015227_2084_1 acyl carnitine transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane." [CHEBI:17387, GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015232_2084_1 heme transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015238_2084_1 drug transmembrane transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of a drug from one side of a membrane to the other. A drug is any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015250_2084_1 water channel activity "Transport systems of this type catalyze facilitated diffusion of water (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015266_2084_1 protein channel activity "Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of proteins through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel." [GOC:rb] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015267_2084_1 channel activity "Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, TC:1.-.-.-.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015269_2084_1 calcium-activated potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_transport] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015271_2084_1 outward rectifier potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015272_2084_1 ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by ATP. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force." [GOC:cb, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015276_2084_1 ligand-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISM molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015277_2084_1 kainate selective glutamate receptor activity "An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist." [GOC:mah, PMID:10049997, PMID:8804111] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015279_2084_1 store-operated calcium channel activity "A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15788710] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015280_2084_1 ligand-gated sodium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015288_2084_1 porin activity "Catalysis of the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of the membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:10839820, TC:1.B.1.-.-] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015293_2084_1 symporter activity "Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:10839820] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015297_2084_1 antiporter activity "Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out)." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:10839820] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015299_2084_1 solute:hydrogen antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(in) = solute(in) + H+(out)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015301_2084_1 anion:anion antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion A(out) + anion B(in) = anion A(in) + anion B(out)." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015321_2084_1 sodium-dependent phosphate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other, requiring sodium ions." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015326_2084_1 cationic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a positively charged amino acid from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015347_2084_1 sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner." [GOC:go_curators] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015355_2084_1 secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015367_2084_1 oxoglutarate:malate antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: oxoglutarate(out) + malate(in) = oxoglutarate(in) + malate(out)." [TC:2.A.29.2.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015375_2084_1 glycine:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in)." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015377_2084_1 cation:chloride symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in)." [TC:2.A.30.-.-] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015378_2084_1 sodium:chloride symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in)." [TC:2.A.30.4.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015379_2084_1 potassium:chloride symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in)." [TC:2.A.30.5.-] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015381_2084_1 high affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the secondary active high affinity transfer of sulfate from one side of the membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind thesolute even if it is only present at very low concentrations." [GOC:mtg_transport] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015385_2084_1 sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out)." [TC:2.A.35.1.1, TC:2.A.36.-.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015395_2084_1 nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient "Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient." [PMID:10353709, PMID:11749958, PMID:12446811] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015410_2084_1 manganese-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in)." [EC:3.6.3.35] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015421_2084_1 oligopeptide-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in)." [EC:3.6.3.23] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015446_2084_1 arsenite-transmembrane transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out)." [EC:3.6.3.16] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015450_2084_1 P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven protein transmembrane transporter activity "Primary active carrier-mediated transport of a protein across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015459_2084_1 potassium channel regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a potassium channel." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015467_2084_1 G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a G protein. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force." [GOC:cb, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015485_2084_1 cholesterol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015495_2084_1 gamma-aminobutyric acid:hydrogen symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in)." [TC:2.A.18.5.1, TC:2.A.3.1.4, TC:2.A.3.4.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015499_2084_1 formate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of formate from one side of the membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015501_2084_1 glutamate:sodium symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in)." [TC:2.A.27.1.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015574_2084_1 trehalose transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of trehalose from one side of the membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015619_2084_1 thiamine pyrophosphate-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine pyrophosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiamine pyrophosphate(in)." [TC:3.A.1.19.1] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015629_726_1 actin cytoskeleton "The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172, ISBN:0815316194] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0015630_726_1 microtubule cytoskeleton "The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0015631_2084_1 tubulin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules." [GOC:clt] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015662_2084_1 ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate." [PMID:10322420, PMID:10600683] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015671_3489_1 oxygen transport "The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015672_3489_1 monovalent inorganic cation transport "The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of one into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015677_3489_1 copper ion import "The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0015679_3489_1 plasma membrane copper ion transport "The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane." [GOC:ai] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0015680_3489_1 intracellular copper ion transport "The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions within a cell." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015693_3489_1 magnesium ion transport "The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015695_3489_1 organic cation transport "The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015696_3489_1 ammonium transport "The directed movement of ammonium into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015700_3489_1 arsenite transport "The directed movement of arsenite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015701_3489_1 bicarbonate transport "The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015709_3489_1 thiosulfate transport "The directed movement of thiosulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015711_3489_1 organic anion transport "The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage." [GOC:ai, GOC:krc] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015718_3489_1 monocarboxylic acid transport "The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015724_3489_1 formate transport "The directed movement of formate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015729_3489_1 oxaloacetate transport "The directed movement of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015734_3489_1 taurine transport "The directed movement of taurine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015742_3489_1 alpha-ketoglutarate transport "The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015743_3489_1 malate transport "The directed movement of malate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015744_3489_1 succinate transport "The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015746_3489_1 citrate transport "The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:krc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015749_3489_1 monosaccharide transport "The directed movement of monosaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015757_3489_1 galactose transport "The directed movement of galactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015758_3489_1 glucose transport "The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015770_3489_1 sucrose transport "The directed movement of sucrose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sucrose is the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015771_3489_1 trehalose transport "The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Trehalose is a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015780_3489_1 nucleotide-sugar transport "The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015781_3489_1 pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transport "The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015783_3489_1 GDP-fucose transport "The directed movement of GDP-fucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015785_3489_1 UDP-galactose transport "The directed movement of UDP-galactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015786_3489_1 UDP-glucose transport "The directed movement of UDP-glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015787_3489_1 UDP-glucuronic acid transport "The directed movement of UDP-glucuronic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015788_3489_1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transport "The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015789_3489_1 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transport "The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015790_3489_1 UDP-xylose transport "The directed movement of UDP-xylose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015798_3489_1 myo-inositol transport "The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015804_3489_1 neutral amino acid transport "The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015805_3489_1 S-adenosylmethionine transport "The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015807_3489_1 L-amino acid transport "The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015809_3489_1 arginine transport "The directed movement of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015810_3489_1 aspartate transport "The directed movement of aspartate, the anion of aspartic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0015811_3489_1 L-cystine transport "The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015813_3489_1 L-glutamate transport "The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015824_3489_1 proline transport "The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015833_3489_1 peptide transport "The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015840_3489_1 urea transport "The directed movement of urea into, out of or within the cell. Urea is the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015842_3489_1 synaptic vesicle amine transport "The directed movement of amines into, out of or within synaptic vesicles." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015844_3489_1 monoamine transport "The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [CHEBI:25375, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015858_3489_1 nucleoside transport "The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015866_3489_1 ADP transport "The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015867_3489_1 ATP transport "The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015871_3489_1 choline transport "The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015872_3489_1 dopamine transport "The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0015876_3489_1 acetyl-CoA transport "The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015879_3489_1 carnitine transport "The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015884_3489_1 folic acid transport "The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015886_3489_1 heme transport "The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015889_3489_1 cobalamin transport "The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015893_3489_1 drug transport "The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015909_3489_1 long-chain fatty acid transport "The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22." [CHEBI:15904, GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015914_3489_1 phospholipid transport "The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015918_3489_1 sterol transport "The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0015923_2084_1 mannosidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015927_2084_1 trehalase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of trehalose or a trehalose derivative." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015930_2084_1 glutamate synthase activity "Catalysis of the formation of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate from L-glutamate, using NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin as hydrogen acceptors." [EC:1.4.-.-] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0015934_726_1 large ribosomal subunit "The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site)." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0015935_726_1 small ribosomal subunit "The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0015936_3489_1 coenzyme A metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015937_3489_1 coenzyme A biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester." [ISBN:0198547684] ISA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015948_3489_1 methanogenesis "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015955_3489_1 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion "The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0306444747, ISBN:0471394831] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015969_3489_1 guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015971_3489_1 guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015976_3489_1 carbon utilization "A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism." [GOC:mah, GOC:mlg] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015986_3489_1 ATP synthesis coupled proton transport "The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis." [ISBN:0716731363] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015991_3489_1 ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport "The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0015992_3489_1 proton transport "The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0015993_3489_1 molecular hydrogen transport "The directed movement of molecular hydrogen (H2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016005_2084_1 phospholipase A2 activator activity "Increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016006_726_1 Nebenkern "A product of the fusion of the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. After the completion of meiosis the mitochondria of the spermatid collect along side the nucleus and fuse into two masses; these wrap around each other to produce the spherical Nebenkern. During flagellum elongation the Nebenkern unfolds and the two derivatives (major and minor mitochondrial derivatives) elongate down the axoneme." [GOC:ma] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016007_726_1 mitochondrial derivative "The major and minor mitochondrial derivatives are the mitochondria of the sperm tail and derive by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation." [GOC:ma] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016010_726_1 dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex "A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase." [PMID:15117830, PMID:16710609] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016011_726_1 dystroglycan complex "A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin." [PMID:15117830, PMID:16710609] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016012_726_1 sarcoglycan complex "A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex." [PMID:15117830, PMID:16710609] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016013_726_1 syntrophin complex "A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase." [http://www.dmd.nl/DGC.html#syn] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016014_726_1 dystrobrevin complex "A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex." [PMID:15117830, PMID:16710609] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016015_2084_1 morphogen activity "Acts as a trigger for a pattern specification process when present at a specific concentration within a gradient." [GOC:go_curators] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016018_2084_1 cyclosporin A binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide that contains several N-methylated and unusual amino acids." [GOC:mb] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016019_2084_1 peptidoglycan receptor activity "Combining with a peptidoglycan to initiate a change in cell activity." [PMID:14698226] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016020_726_1 membrane "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016021_726_1 integral to membrane "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC:go_curators] ISM cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016023_726_1 cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle "A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016024_3489_1 CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate." [CHEBI:17962, GOC:curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016027_726_1 inaD signaling complex "A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD." [GOC:hb, PMID:9010208, PMID:9796815] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016028_726_1 rhabdomere "The specialized microvilli-containing organelle on the apical surfaces of a photoreceptor cell containing the visual pigment rhodopsin and most of the proteins involved in phototransduction." [GOC:hb, GOC:sart, PMID:8646774] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016029_726_1 subrhabdomeral cisterna "A membrane-bounded compartment that is found at the base of the rhabdomere and contains stored calcium, InsP3 receptors and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase." [PMID:11707492, PMID:8646774] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016032_3489_1 viral reproduction "The process in which a virus reproduces. Usually, this is by infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016034_2084_1 maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate." [EC:5.2.1.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016035_726_1 zeta DNA polymerase complex "A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer." [PMID:16631579, PMID:16971464] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016038_3489_1 absorption of visible light "The reception of a (visible light) photon by a cell, visible light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 380-780 nm." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016039_3489_1 absorption of UV light "The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016040_2084_1 glutamate synthase (NADH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H(+) + NADH." [EC:1.4.1.14, RHEA:13756] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016042_3489_1 lipid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016043_3489_1 cellular component organization "A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component." [GOC:ai, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016044_3489_1 cellular membrane organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016045_3489_1 detection of bacterium "The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:hb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016049_3489_1 cell growth "The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016050_3489_1 vesicle organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016051_3489_1 carbohydrate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016052_3489_1 carbohydrate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016055_3489_1 Wnt receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, PMID:11532397] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016056_3489_1 rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon." [GOC:dph, GOC:hb, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016057_3489_1 regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell "Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon." [GOC:dph, GOC:hb, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016058_3489_1 maintenance of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell by rhodopsin mediated signaling "Maintenance of the excited state of a photoreceptor cell to produce a steady-state current as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon." [GOC:dph, GOC:hb, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016059_3489_1 deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling "The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon)." [PMID:8316831] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016060_3489_1 metarhodopsin inactivation "The process in which metarhodopsin is prevented from generating molecular signals." [GOC:hb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0016061_3489_1 regulation of light-activated channel activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016062_3489_1 adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling "The process in which the visual system can modulate its sensitivity and response to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation." [PMID:1962207] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016063_3489_1 rhodopsin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016068_3489_1 type I hypersensitivity "An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016070_3489_1 RNA metabolic process "The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016071_3489_1 mRNA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016072_3489_1 rRNA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016075_3489_1 rRNA catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016079_3489_1 synaptic vesicle exocytosis "Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft." [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016080_3489_1 synaptic vesicle targeting "The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016081_3489_1 synaptic vesicle docking involved in exocytosis "The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane." [PMID:15217342] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016082_3489_1 synaptic vesicle priming "The formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion." [GOC:mah, PMID:15217342] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016084_2084_1 myostimulatory hormone activity "The action characteristic of myostimulatory hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates muscle contraction." [GOC:mah, PMID:12204246] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016085_2084_1 myoinhibitory hormone activity "The action characteristic of myostimulatory hormone, a peptide hormone that inhibits muscle contraction." [GOC:mah, PMID:8902848] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016087_2084_1 ecdysiostatic hormone activity "The action characteristic of ecdysiostatic hormone, a peptide hormone that inhibits ecdysone secretion." [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)35\:1, GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016095_3489_1 polyprenol catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans." [GOC:go_curators, http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/prenol.html#p2] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016116_3489_1 carotenoid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail." [ISBN:0198547684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016117_3489_1 carotenoid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016119_3489_1 carotene metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016125_3489_1 sterol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule." [ISBN:0198547684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016126_3489_1 sterol biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016139_3489_1 glycoside catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016149_2084_1 translation release factor activity, codon specific "A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site." [ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016155_2084_1 formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H(2)O + NADP(+) = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO(2) + H(+) + NADPH." [EC:1.5.1.6, RHEA:10183] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016167_2084_1 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity "Combining with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016174_2084_1 NAD(P)H oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide." [EC:1.6.3.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016175_2084_1 superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-." [GOC:ai, PMID:10806195] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016180_3489_1 snRNA processing "Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016183_3489_1 synaptic vesicle coating "A protein coat is added to the synaptic vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination." [GOC:curators, PMID:10099709] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016185_3489_1 synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic membrane "Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle." [GOC:curators, PMID:10099709] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016188_3489_1 synaptic vesicle maturation "Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle." [GOC:curators, PMID:10099709] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016189_3489_1 synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion "Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with the membrane of an endosome." [GOC:curators, PMID:10099709] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016191_3489_1 synaptic vesicle uncoating "The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle." [GOC:curators, PMID:10099709] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016192_3489_1 vesicle-mediated transport "A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, ISBN:08789310662000] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016197_3489_1 endosomal transport "The directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation." [ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016198_3489_1 axon choice point recognition "The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth." [PMID:10218152] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016199_3489_1 axon midline choice point recognition "The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline." [PMID:11376484] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016200_3489_1 synaptic target attraction "The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0878932437] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016201_3489_1 synaptic target inhibition "The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemorepellent signals that inhibit its growth toward the source." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016202_3489_1 regulation of striated muscle tissue development "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016203_3489_1 muscle attachment "The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall)." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016204_3489_1 determination of muscle attachment site "The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016205_2084_1 selenocysteine methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: selenocysteine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = Se-methylselenocysteine + S-adenosyl-homocysteine." [EC:2.1.1.-, PMID:10026151] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016207_2084_1 4-coumarate-CoA ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA." [EC:6.2.1.12] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016208_2084_1 AMP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with AMP, adenosine monophosphate." [GOC:go_curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016209_2084_1 antioxidant activity "Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016212_2084_1 kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.7] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016222_726_1 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex "A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase." [PMID:14500733, PMID:7753822] IC cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016226_3489_1 iron-sulfur cluster assembly "The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:pde, GOC:vw] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016229_2084_1 steroid dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016230_2084_1 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator activity "Increases the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016231_2084_1 beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides." [EC:3.2.1.52, MetaCyc:3.2.1.52-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016232_2084_1 HNK-1 sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the synthesis of the HKK-1 carbohydrate epitope; adds a sulfate group to a precursor, GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R), forming sulfo-3GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R)." [PMID:9478973] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016233_3489_1 telomere capping "A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins." [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:11349150, PMID:11352055] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016236_3489_1 macroautophagy "The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded." [PMID:11099404, PMID:12914914, PMID:15798367, PMID:16973210, PMID:9412464] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016239_3489_1 positive regulation of macroautophagy "Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:9412464] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016241_3489_1 regulation of macroautophagy "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy." [GOC:krc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016242_3489_1 negative regulation of macroautophagy "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016246_3489_1 RNA interference "The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes." [GOC:ems, PMID:11201747, PMID:11713190, PMID:18771919] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016247_2084_1 channel regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016250_2084_1 N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate." [EC:3.10.1.1] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016255_3489_1 attachment of GPI anchor to protein "A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain." [ISBN:0879695595] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016260_3489_1 selenocysteine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016262_2084_1 protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein." [EC:2.4.1.94] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016263_2084_1 glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the addition of a galactosyl residue to a non-reducing O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an O-glycan." [EC:2.4.1.122, GOC:ma] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016264_3489_1 gap junction assembly "Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016266_3489_1 O-glycan processing "The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure." [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016267_3489_1 O-glycan processing, core 1 "The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc." [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016272_726_1 prefoldin complex "A multisubunit chaperone that acts to delivers unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits." [GOC:jl, PMID:17384227, PMID:9630229] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016274_2084_1 protein-arginine N-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (protein)-N-methyl-arginine." [EC:2.1.1.125, EC:2.1.1.126, GOC:mah, PMID:12351636] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016281_726_1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex "The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome." [GOC:hb, PMID:8449919] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016282_726_1 eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex "A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1A, eIF3, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA." [GOC:hjd, PMID:15145049] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016286_2084_1 small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:mtg_transport, OMIM:602754] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016287_2084_1 glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.42, RHEA:17660] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016289_2084_1 CoA hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016295_2084_1 myristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + myristate." [EC:3.1.2.14, MetaCyc:RXN-10727] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016296_2084_1 palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + palmitate." [EC:3.1.2.14, MetaCyc:RXN-9549] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016297_2084_1 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid." [EC:3.1.2.14, MetaCyc:RXN-7902] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016298_2084_1 lipase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016301_2084_1 kinase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016303_2084_1 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.137, RHEA:12712] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016307_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate." [EC:2.7.1.-, PMID:9759495] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016308_2084_1 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.68, RHEA:14428] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016310_3489_1 phosphorylation "The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016311_3489_1 dephosphorylation "The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016314_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.67] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016316_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.66, GOC:hb] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016318_3489_1 ommatidial rotation "The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification." [PMID:10725247] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016319_3489_1 mushroom body development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells." [PMID:8790424] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016320_3489_1 endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion "The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:elh, GOC:jid] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016321_3489_1 female meiosis chromosome segregation "The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0016322_3489_1 neuron remodeling "The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016323_726_1 basolateral plasma membrane "The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis." [GOC:go_curators] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016324_726_1 apical plasma membrane "The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell." [GOC:curators] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016325_3489_1 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization "Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11231123] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016327_726_1 apicolateral plasma membrane "The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells." [GOC:hb] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016328_726_1 lateral plasma membrane "The membranes on the sides of epithelial cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells." [GOC:hb] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016330_3489_1 second mitotic wave involved in compound eye morphogenesis "A discrete cell cycle in the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia." [PMID:11257224] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016331_3489_1 morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium "The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016332_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016333_3489_1 morphogenesis of follicular epithelium "The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016334_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0016335_3489_1 morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium "The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016336_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016337_3489_1 cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules." [GOC:hb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016338_3489_1 calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction." [GOC:hb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016339_3489_1 calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction." [GOC:hb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016340_3489_1 calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion "The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction." [GOC:hb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016342_726_1 catenin complex "Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton." [ISBN:0198599323] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016346_3489_1 male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole "The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016348_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0016358_3489_1 dendrite development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016360_3489_1 sensory organ precursor cell fate determination "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016361_2084_1 activin receptor activity, type I "Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals." [GOC:mah, PMID:8622651] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016363_726_1 nuclear matrix "The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane." [ISBN:0582227089] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016401_2084_1 palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropalmitoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide." [GOC:jsg] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016402_2084_1 pristanoyl-CoA oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: pristanoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide." [GOC:jsg] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016403_2084_1 dimethylargininase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine + H2O = dimethylamine + L-citrulline." [EC:3.5.3.18] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016407_2084_1 acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016409_2084_1 palmitoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (CH3-[CH2]14-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016415_2084_1 octanoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016421_2084_1 CoA carboxylase activity "Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016422_2084_1 mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m(7)G(5')pppAm = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m(7)G(5')pppm(6)Am." [EC:2.1.1.62] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016428_2084_1 tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine." [EC:2.1.1.29] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016429_2084_1 tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine." [EC:2.1.1.36] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016433_2084_1 rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine." [EC:2.1.1.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016441_3489_1 posttranscriptional gene silencing "The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism." [GOC:mah, PMID:15020054] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016442_726_1 RNA-induced silencing complex "A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation." [PMID:10749213, PMID:15145345] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016443_2084_1 bidentate ribonuclease III activity "Catalysis of the digestion of double-stranded RNAs into 20 to 30-nucleotide products. These products typically associate to the RNA-induced silencing complex and serve as guide RNAs for posttranslational RNA interference." [PMID:15242644] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016444_3489_1 somatic cell DNA recombination "Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells." [GOC:ma] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016456_726_1 X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating "An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ma, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016457_3489_1 dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on the X chromosome of the heterogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold increase in transcription from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016458_3489_1 gene silencing "Any transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0016459_726_1 myosin complex "A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes." [GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html, ISBN:96235764] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016460_726_1 myosin II complex "A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures." [http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html, ISBN:96235764] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016461_726_1 unconventional myosin complex "A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II." [GOC:ma] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016462_2084_1 pyrophosphatase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond between two phosphate groups, leaving one phosphate on each of the two fragments." [EC:3.6.1.-, GOC:curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016469_726_1 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex "A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716743663, PMID:16691483] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016471_726_1 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex "A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716743663, PMID:16449553] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016476_3489_1 regulation of embryonic cell shape "Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016477_3489_1 cell migration "The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure." [GOC:ems, GOC:pf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016480_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016482_3489_1 cytoplasmic transport "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016483_2084_1 tryptophan hydroxylase activator activity "Increases the activity of the enzyme tryptophase hydroxylase." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016485_3489_1 protein processing "Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein." [GOC:curators, GOC:jl, GOC:jsg] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016486_3489_1 peptide hormone processing "The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016490_2084_1 structural constituent of peritrophic membrane "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the peritrophic membrane, a tubular sheath of cuticle that shields the epithelial cells of the midgut from the gut contents. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016491_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC:go_curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016500_2084_1 protein-hormone receptor activity "Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016503_2084_1 pheromone receptor activity "Combining with a pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity. A pheromone is a substance used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behavior." [CHEBI:26013, GOC:hjd, ISBN:0198506732] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016504_2084_1 peptidase activator activity "Increases the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016505_2084_1 apoptotic protease activator activity "Increases the activity of a peptidase that is involved in the activation of apoptosis." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016507_726_1 mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex "A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix." [GOC:ma] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016508_2084_1 long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.74] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016509_2084_1 long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a long-chain fatty acid residue. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22." [CHEBI:15904, EC:1.1.1.211, GOC:pde] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016513_726_1 core-binding factor complex "A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that contains an alpha subunit (Runx1, Runx2 or Runx3 in human) that binds DNA and a non-DNA-binding beta subunit (CBFbeta), and binds to a consensus sequence 5'-YGYGGTY-3' found in several enhancers and promoters; the beta subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha subunit." [PMID:15156179, PMID:8497254] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016520_2084_1 growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity "Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity." [PMID:12529933] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016524_2084_1 latrotoxin receptor activity "Combining with alpha-latrotoxin, a potent presynaptic neurotoxin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, PMID:10025961] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016529_726_1 sarcoplasmic reticulum "A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage." [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0198547684] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016531_2084_1 copper chaperone activity "Assists in the delivery of copper ions to target proteins or compartments." [PMID:10790544, PMID:11739376] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016532_2084_1 superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity "A copper chaperone activity that specifically delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase." [http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00335/papers/0011005/00110409.html, PMID:9295278] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016533_726_1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 holoenzyme complex "A protein complex that activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5; composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits." [PMID:15689152] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016534_2084_1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator activity "Increases the activity of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016538_2084_1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase, enzymes of the protein kinase family that are regulated through association with cyclins and other proteins." [GOC:rn, PMID:7877684, PMID:9442875] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016539_3489_1 intein-mediated protein splicing "The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues." [GOC:ma, http://www.neb.com/neb/inteins.html] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016540_3489_1 protein autoprocessing "Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein." [GOC:ai, PMID:9335337] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016543_3489_1 male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration "The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:sensu, PMID:11092827] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016544_3489_1 male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone "The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11092827] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016545_3489_1 male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration "The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11092827] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016546_3489_1 male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking "The process during courtship where the male fly licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11092827] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016556_3489_1 mRNA modification "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically." [GOC:curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016558_3489_1 protein import into peroxisome matrix "The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported." [ISBN:0716731363, PMID:11687502, PMID:11988772] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016559_3489_1 peroxisome fission "The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments." [GOC:mah, PMID:11687502, PMID:14754507] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016560_3489_1 protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking "The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the preoxisomal membrane." [PMID:11687502, PMID:11988772, PMID:14754507] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016567_3489_1 protein ubiquitination "The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016568_3489_1 chromatin modification "The alteration of DNA, protein, or sometimes RNA, in chromatin, which may result in changing the chromatin structure." [GOC:mah, PMID:20404130] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016570_3489_1 histone modification "The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein." [GOC:krc] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016571_3489_1 histone methylation "The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016572_3489_1 histone phosphorylation "The modification of histones by addition of phosphate groups." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016573_3489_1 histone acetylation "The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016574_3489_1 histone ubiquitination "The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016575_3489_1 histone deacetylation "The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016577_3489_1 histone demethylation "The modification of histones by removal of methyl groups." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016578_3489_1 histone deubiquitination "The modification of histones by removal of ubiquitin groups." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016579_3489_1 protein deubiquitination "The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016580_726_1 Sin3 complex "A multiprotein complex that functions broadly in eukaryotic organisms as a transcriptional repressor of protein-coding genes, through the gene-specific deacetylation of histones. Amongst its subunits, the Sin3 complex contains Sin3-like proteins, and a number of core proteins that are shared with the NuRD complex (including histone deacetylases and histone binding proteins). The Sin3 complex does not directly bind DNA itself, but is targeted to specific genes through protein-protein interactions with DNA-binding proteins." [PMID:10589671, PMID:11743021, PMID:12865422] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016581_726_1 NuRD complex "An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins." [PMID:10589671, PMID:11743021, PMID:17289569] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016582_3489_1 non-covalent chromatin modification "The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the non-covalent addition or removal of chemical groups." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016584_3489_1 nucleosome positioning "Ordering of successions of nucleosomes into regular arrays so that nucleosomes are positioned at defined distances from one another." [GOC:bf, PMID:11447119, PMID:8676389] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016585_726_1 chromatin remodeling complex "Any complex that mediates dynamic changes in eukaryotic chromatin." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016589_726_1 NURF complex "A four subunit ISWI-containing protein complex that facilitates nucleosome mobility and transcriptional activation in an ATP-dependent manner. In contrast to other chromatin remodeling complexes, the ATPase activity of NURF requires nucleosomes rather than free DNA or histones." [GOC:bf, PMID:10779516, PMID:11279013] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016590_726_1 ACF complex "A chromatin-remodeling complex that catalyzes the ATP-dependent assembly of periodic nucleosome arrays. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ACF1 and ISWI." [GOC:bf, PMID:12192034] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016591_726_1 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme "Large protein complex composed of the RNA polymerase core complex and a variety of other proteins including transcription factor complexes TFIIA, D, E, F, and H which are required for promoter recognition, and the Mediator subcomplex. Catalyzes the synthesis of eukaryotic pre-mRNA." [GOC:jl, PMID:15196470, Wikipedia:Rna_polymerase_ii] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016592_726_1 mediator complex "A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins." [PMID:11454195, PMID:16168358, PMID:17870225] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016593_726_1 Cdc73/Paf1 complex "A multiprotein complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexes and may be involved in both transcriptional initiation and elongation. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Paf1p, Cdc73p, Ctr9p, Rtf1p, and Leo1p." [PMID:11884586] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016594_2084_1 glycine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycine, aminoethanoic acid." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016595_2084_1 glutamate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016596_2084_1 thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thienylcyclohexylpiperidine." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016597_2084_1 amino acid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016598_3489_1 protein arginylation "The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway." [PMID:17896865] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016600_726_1 flotillin complex "A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae." [PMID:17206938, PMID:17600709] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016601_3489_1 Rac protein signal transduction "A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0016602_726_1 CCAAT-binding factor complex "A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; in Saccharomyces it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source; consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5." [PMID:7828851] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016603_2084_1 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-peptide = 5-oxoprolyl-peptide + NH3." [EC:2.3.2.5] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016604_726_1 nuclear body "Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins." [GOC:ma, PMID:10330182] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016607_726_1 nuclear speck "A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy." [http://www.cellnucleus.com/] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016614_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016615_2084_1 malate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0582227089] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016616_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016619_2084_1 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+. Also decarboxylates oxaloacetate." [EC:1.1.1.38] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016620_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016624_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016627_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016638_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016639_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016641_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, oxygen as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016651_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016661_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016667_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016668_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016671_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016679_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016701_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016702_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and two oxygen atoms is incorporated into a donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016705_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016706_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors "Catalysis of the reaction: A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = B + succinate + CO2. This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into each donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016709_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016714_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced pteridine and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016715_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced ascorbate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016717_2084_1 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced to two molecules of water." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016740_2084_1 transferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016742_2084_1 hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxymethyl- or formyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [EC:2.1.2, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016743_2084_1 carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016746_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016747_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016757_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016758_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016763_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016765_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups "Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016768_2084_1 spermine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermine." [EC:2.5.1.22] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016772_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016773_2084_1 phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016776_2084_1 phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016779_2084_1 nucleotidyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016780_2084_1 phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/intro.html] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016782_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring sulfur-containing groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016783_2084_1 sulfurtransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0721662544] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016785_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring selenium-containing groups "Catalysis of the transfer of a selenium-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016787_2084_1 hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016788_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016790_2084_1 thiolester hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A." [http://www.onelook.com] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016791_2084_1 phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate." [EC:3.1.3, GOC:curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016798_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016799_2084_1 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any N-glycosyl bond." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016805_2084_1 dipeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide." [http://www.onelook.com] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016810_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016811_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016812_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amides "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amide." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016813_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016817_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016818_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains phosphorus." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016820_2084_1 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acid anhydride to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016829_2084_1 lyase activity "Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring." [EC:4.-.-.-, ISBN:0198547684] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016831_2084_1 carboxy-lyase activity "Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound." [http://www.mercksource.com/] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016837_2084_1 carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides "Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide." [EC:4.2.-.-] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016844_2084_1 strictosidine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H(2)O = secologanin + tryptamine." [EC:4.3.3.2, RHEA:15016] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016847_2084_1 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)." [EC:4.4.1.14, RHEA:21747] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016849_2084_1 phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity "Catalysis of the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016853_2084_1 isomerase activity "Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016857_2084_1 racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives "Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a carbohydrate molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016868_2084_1 intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016874_2084_1 ligase activity "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC:6, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016876_2084_1 ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds "Catalysis of the joining of an amino acid and a nucleic acid (usually tRNA) or poly(ribitol phosphate), with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. The reaction forms an aminoacyl-tRNA or a related compound." [EC:6.1.1, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016878_2084_1 acid-thiol ligase activity "Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC:6.2.1, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016881_2084_1 acid-amino acid ligase activity "Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016884_2084_1 carbon-nitrogen ligase activity, with glutamine as amido-N-donor "Catalysis of the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to a variety of substrates. GATases catalyze two separate reactions at two active sites, which are located either on a single polypeptide chain or on different subunits. In the glutaminase reaction, glutamine is hydrolyzed to glutamate and ammonia, which is added to an acceptor substrate in the synthase reaction." [PMID:12360532] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016887_2084_1 ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016888_2084_1 endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016891_2084_1 endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters." [GOC:ai] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016907_2084_1 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity "Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex." [GOC:bf, GOC:fj, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016909_2084_1 SAP kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation of proteins. A family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Strongly activated by stress signals such as heat or osmotic shock, DNA-damaging agents, inhibitors of protein synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokines." [GOC:ma] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016918_2084_1 retinal binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina." [CHEBI:15035, GOC:curators, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016920_2084_1 pyroglutamyl-peptidase activity "Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a peptide or protein." [EC:3.4.19.3, EC:3.4.19.6, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016922_2084_1 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a ligand dependent manner, with a nuclear receptor protein." [GOC:mah, PMID:7776974] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016925_3489_1 protein sumoylation "The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:11265250] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0016929_2084_1 SUMO-specific protease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of SUMO, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously sumoylated substrates." [GOC:rn, PMID:10094048, PMID:11031248, PMID:11265250] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016933_2084_1 extracellular-glycine-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016934_2084_1 extracellular-glycine-gated chloride channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016935_726_1 glycine-gated chloride channel complex "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016936_2084_1 galactoside binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose." [CHEBI:24163, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016937_2084_1 short-branched-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a short branched chain fatty acid residue." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016939_726_1 kinesin II complex "A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes." [http://www.csfic.mi.cnr.it/centro/lines/8/ric.html] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016941_2084_1 natriuretic peptide receptor activity "Combining with a natriuretic peptide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016942_726_1 insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex "A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development." [GOC:jl] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0016971_2084_1 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase activity "Catalysis of the formation of disulfide bridges." [PMID:10899311] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016972_2084_1 thiol oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4 R'C(R)SH + O2 = 2 R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O." [EC:1.8.3.2] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016973_3489_1 poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus "The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0016979_2084_1 lipoate-protein ligase activity "Catalysis of the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between lipoate (5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate) and a protein." [EC:6.3.4.-] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016992_2084_1 lipoate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl." [EC:2.8.1.8, PMID:18307109] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0016998_3489_1 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0017002_2084_1 activin-activated receptor activity "Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017004_3489_1 cytochrome complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0017015_3489_1 regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0017016_2084_1 Ras GTPase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017017_2084_1 MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate." [GOC:mah, PMID:12184814] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017018_2084_1 myosin phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomyosin + H2O = myosin + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.16] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017020_2084_1 myosin phosphatase regulator activity "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme myosin phosphatase." [EC:3.1.3.16, GOC:ai] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017022_2084_1 myosin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a myosin complex; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments." [GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017023_726_1 myosin phosphatase complex "An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin." [EC:3.1.3.16] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017024_2084_1 myosin I binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class I myosin; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017025_2084_1 TBP-class protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs)." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, http://www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/, PMID:16858867] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017032_2084_1 potassium:amino acid symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + K+(out) = amino acid(in) + K+(in)." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017034_2084_1 Rap guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rap family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017040_2084_1 ceramidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine." [EC:3.5.1.23] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017048_2084_1 Rho GTPase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rho protein, any member of the Rho subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases. Proteins in the Rho subfamily are involved in relaying signals from cell-surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton." [ISBN:0198547684, PMID:12581856] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017049_2084_1 GTP-Rho binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the GTP-bound form of the Rho protein." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017050_2084_1 D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + ATP = sphingosine 1-phosphate + ADP." [MetaCyc:RXN3DJ-11417] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017051_2084_1 retinol dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol." [PMID:9857081] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017053_726_1 transcriptional repressor complex "A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription." [GOC:mah] IGI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017054_726_1 negative cofactor 2 complex "A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini." [PMID:15574413] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017055_3489_1 negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017056_2084_1 structural constituent of nuclear pore "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017057_2084_1 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(2)O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H(+)." [EC:3.1.1.31, RHEA:12559] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017058_2084_1 FH1 domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a FH1 domain of a protein, a proline-rich domain, usually located in front of a FH2 domain." [GOC:go_curators] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017059_726_1 serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex "An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine." [EC:2.3.1.50] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017061_2084_1 S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate." [EC:2.4.2.28] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017064_2084_1 fatty acid amide hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid." [PMID:15952893] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017065_2084_1 single-strand selective uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity "Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases present in single-stranded DNA." [GOC:elh, PMID:9224623] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017067_2084_1 tyrosine-ester sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+)." [EC:2.8.2.9, RHEA:19980] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017069_2084_1 snRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small nuclear RNA (snRNA)." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017070_2084_1 U6 snRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA)." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017071_726_1 intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which cations ions may pass in response to an intracellular cyclic nucleotide binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017075_2084_1 syntaxin-1 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the SNAP receptor syntaxin-1." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017076_2084_1 purine nucleotide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with purine nucleotides, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017077_2084_1 oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity "Catalysis of the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis." [PMID:15738989, PMID:16179945] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017080_2084_1 sodium channel regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a sodium channel." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017084_2084_1 delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NADPH = ADP + L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate." [MetaCyc:PROLINE-MULTI] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017085_3489_1 response to insecticide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0017086_726_1 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) complex "A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + carbon dioxide (CO2). This requires thiamine diphosphate; the enzyme also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate." [EC:1.2.4.4] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017087_726_1 mitochondrial processing peptidase complex "A protein complex that consists of a catalytic alpha subunit (alpha-MPP) and a regulatory beta subunit (beta-MPP), and catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion." [BRENDA:3.4.24.64, EC:3.4.24.64, GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017089_2084_1 glycolipid transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017090_726_1 meprin A complex "A protein complex that is located in the cell membrane, and is involved in the metabolism of peptides, including neuropeptides. The complex has metalloendopeptidase activity that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues." [EC:3.4.24.18, GOC:mah, MEROPS_fam:M12] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017091_2084_1 AU-rich element binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of RNA containing frequent adenine and uridine bases." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:7892223, PMID:8578590] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017095_2084_1 heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate." [PMID:8631808] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017098_2084_1 sulfonylurea receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sulfonylurea receptor, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel." [GOC:ceb, PMID:11938023] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017099_2084_1 very-long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a very long chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22." [CHEBI:27283, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017101_726_1 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex "A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates." [GOC:jl, PMID:16169847] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017105_2084_1 acyl-CoA delta11-desaturase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + O2 = delta11-acyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 H2O." [EC:1.14.19.5] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017107_2084_1 anion exchanger adaptor activity "The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an anion exchanger and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way." [GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017109_726_1 glutamate-cysteine ligase complex "An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine." [EC:6.3.2.2] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017110_2084_1 nucleoside-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleotide + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.6] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017111_2084_1 nucleoside-triphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside triphosphate + H2O = nucleoside diphosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017112_2084_1 Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rab family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017113_2084_1 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.3.1.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017116_2084_1 single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017117_726_1 single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex "A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017118_2084_1 lipoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of the lipoyl group from lipoyl-AMP to the lysine residue of lipoate-dependent enzyme." [PMID:10103005] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017119_726_1 Golgi transport complex "A complex of proteins that, in vitro, stimulates intra-Golgi transport; a 13S complex, about 800 kDa in size and consists of at least five polypeptides. In yeast, this complex is called the Sec34/35 complex and is composed of eight subunits (Sec34p, Sec35p, Dor1p, Cod1p, Cod2p, Cod3p, Cod4p, and Cod5p)." [GOC:krc, PMID:9792665] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017121_3489_1 phospholipid scrambling "The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)." [PMID:20043909, PMID:20302864] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017122_726_1 protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex "Heterotrimeric enzyme complex, which in humans is composed of two large subunits of the same size, and one smaller subunit. Functions in the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide." [PMID:15247246] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017123_2084_1 Ral GTPase activator activity "Increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase of the Ral family." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017124_2084_1 SH3 domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins." [GOC:go_curators, Pfam:PF00018] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017125_2084_1 deoxycytidyl transferase activity "Catalysis of the insertion of a dCMP residue opposite a template abasic site in DNA." [PMID:10535901] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017126_3489_1 nucleologenesis "A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017127_2084_1 cholesterol transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017128_2084_1 phospholipid scramblase activity "Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism." [PMID:20043909, PMID:20302864] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017129_2084_1 triglyceride binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any triester of glycerol." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017130_2084_1 poly(C) RNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of cytosine residues in an RNA molecule." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017131_2084_1 uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation." [GOC:krc, PMID:7954828] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017132_2084_1 cyclic nucleotide-dependent guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase; dependent on the presence of a cyclic nucleotide." [GOC:mah, PMID:9856955] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017133_726_1 mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex "A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017134_2084_1 fibroblast growth factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibroblast growth factor." [PMID:9806903] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017136_2084_1 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, RHEA:24551] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017137_2084_1 Rab GTPase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017143_3489_1 insecticide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017145_3489_1 stem cell division "The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017146_726_1 N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor complex "An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD." [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Synaptic/info/glutamate.html] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017147_2084_1 Wnt-protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017148_3489_1 negative regulation of translation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0017150_2084_1 tRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-uracil + acceptor = tRNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor." [PMID:11983710] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017151_2084_1 DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme DEAD/H-box RNA helicase." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017153_2084_1 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017154_2084_1 semaphorin receptor activity "Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:15239958] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017157_3489_1 regulation of exocytosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017158_3489_1 regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0017159_2084_1 pantetheine hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H(2)O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine." [EC:3.5.1.92, RHEA:13448] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017160_2084_1 Ral GTPase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ral protein, any member of the Ral subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017162_2084_1 aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017166_2084_1 vinculin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane." [ISBN:0721662544] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017168_2084_1 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H(2)O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate." [EC:3.5.2.9, RHEA:10351] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017169_2084_1 CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017171_2084_1 serine hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine)." [Wikipedia:Serine_hydrolase] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017172_2084_1 cysteine dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O(2) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+)." [EC:1.13.11.20, RHEA:20444] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017174_2084_1 glycine N-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine." [EC:2.1.1.20] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017176_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + phosphatidylinositol = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol." [EC:2.4.1.198] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0017177_726_1 glucosidase II complex "A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins." [PMID:10464333, PMID:8910335] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0017183_3489_1 peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine "The modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor eEF-2." [RESID:AA0040] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0017186_3489_1 peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase." [RESID:AA0031] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0017187_3489_1 peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation "The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase." [RESID:AA0032] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0017196_3489_1 N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation "The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine." [RESID:AA0049] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018009_3489_1 N-terminal peptidyl-L-cysteine N-palmitoylation "The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine." [RESID:AA0060] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018016_3489_1 N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation "The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline." [RESID:AA0066] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018024_2084_1 histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine. The methylation of peptidyl-lysine in histones forms N6-methyl-L-lysine, N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine and N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine derivatives." [EC:2.1.1.43, RESID:AA0074, RESID:AA0075, RESID:AA0076] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018054_3489_1 peptidyl-lysine biotinylation "The covalent modification of peptidyl-lysine by biotin to form peptidyl-N6-biotinyl-L-lysine." [RESID:AA0117] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0018063_3489_1 cytochrome c-heme linkage "The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme." [RESID:AA0134, RESID:AA0135] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018094_3489_1 protein polyglycylation "The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid." [RESID:AA0201] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018095_3489_1 protein polyglutamylation "The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid." [RESID:AA0202] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018105_3489_1 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation "The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine." [RESID:AA0037] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018106_3489_1 peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation "The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine)." [RESID:AA0035, RESID:AA0036] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018107_3489_1 peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation "The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine." [RESID:AA0038] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018108_3489_1 peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation "The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine." [RESID:AA0039] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0018117_3489_1 protein adenylylation "The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:sart, PMID:21607083] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018149_3489_1 peptide cross-linking "The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains." [GOC:jsg] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0018160_3489_1 peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage "The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine." [CHEBI:30410, RESID:AA0252] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018166_3489_1 C-terminal protein-tyrosinylation "The ATP-dependent addition of a tyrosine residue to the C-terminus of a protein; typically the addition of tyrosine to the C-terminus of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin by the enzyme tubulin-tyrosine ligase." [RESID:AA0257] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018169_2084_1 ribosomal S6-glutamic acid ligase activity "Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamic acid residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6." [GOC:mah, PMID:2570347] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018193_3489_1 peptidyl-amino acid modification "The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018206_3489_1 peptidyl-methionine modification "The modification of peptidyl-methionine." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018208_3489_1 peptidyl-proline modification "The modification of peptidyl-proline." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018214_3489_1 protein carboxylation "The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018215_3489_1 protein phosphopantetheinylation "The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018216_3489_1 peptidyl-arginine methylation "The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0018279_3489_1 protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine "The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification." [GOC:jsg, RESID:AA0151, RESID:AA0420, RESID:AA0421] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018293_3489_1 protein-FAD linkage "The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD)." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018298_3489_1 protein-chromophore linkage "The covalent or noncovalent attachment of a chromophore to a protein." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018342_3489_1 protein prenylation "The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added." [GOC:di, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018344_3489_1 protein geranylgeranylation "The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018345_3489_1 protein palmitoylation "The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:15520806] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018392_2084_1 glycoprotein 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP + H(+)." [EC:2.4.1.214, RHEA:24447] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018394_3489_1 peptidyl-lysine acetylation "The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0018395_3489_1 peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine "The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine." [RESID:AA0028] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018401_3489_1 peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline "The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase." [RESID:AA0030] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018444_726_1 translation release factor complex "A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome." [ISBN:0198547684] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0018445_2084_1 prothoracicotrophic hormone activity "The action characteristic of prothoracicotrophic hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the brain and, upon receptor binding, acts on the prothoracic gland to stimulate the release of ecdysone in insects." [GOC:mah, PMID:3301403] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018454_2084_1 acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.36] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018478_2084_1 malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.18] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018548_2084_1 pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate." [UM-BBD_reactionID:r0025] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018685_2084_1 alkane 1-monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O." [EC:1.14.15.3] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018738_2084_1 S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H(2)O = formate + glutathione + H(+)." [EC:3.1.2.12, RHEA:14964] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018741_2084_1 alkyl sulfatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dodecyl sulfate + H2O = sulfate + H+ + 1-dodecanol." [UM-BBD_reactionID:r0602] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018833_2084_1 DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride + H(+)." [EC:4.5.1.1, RHEA:19220] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0018990_3489_1 ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle "The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0018991_3489_1 oviposition "The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water." [GOC:ems] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018992_3489_1 germ-line sex determination "The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line." [GOC:ems] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0018993_3489_1 somatic sex determination "The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma." [GOC:ems] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019001_2084_1 guanyl nucleotide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019003_2084_1 GDP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019005_726_1 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex "A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1)." [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019008_726_1 molybdopterin synthase complex "A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits." [GOC:mah, PMID:12571227, PMID:15709772] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019010_2084_1 farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine." [PMID:12135499] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019028_726_1 viral capsid "The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019031_726_1 viral envelope "The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins." [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781718325, Wikipedia:Viral_envelope] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019058_3489_1 viral infectious cycle "A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome." [ISBN:1555811272] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019064_3489_1 viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane "The penetration of an enveloped virus into a host cell by the fusing of the viral envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, releasing the virion contents into the cell." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019090_3489_1 mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondrion "The directed movement of mitochondrial rRNA out of a mitochondrion." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019094_3489_1 pole plasm mRNA localization "Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019099_3489_1 female germ-line sex determination "The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019101_3489_1 female somatic sex determination "The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a female organism's soma." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019102_3489_1 male somatic sex determination "The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma." [GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019135_2084_1 deoxyhypusine monooxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O." [EC:1.14.99.29] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019136_2084_1 deoxynucleoside kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.145] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019166_2084_1 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.3.1.38] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019182_2084_1 histamine-gated chloride channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019183_726_1 histamine-gated chloride channel complex "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019185_726_1 snRNA-activating protein complex "A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters." [PMID:7715707, PMID:9003788] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019186_2084_1 acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to a nitrogen atom on an acceptor molecule." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019187_2084_1 beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage." [GOC:mcc, PMID:8166646] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019201_2084_1 nucleotide kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019204_2084_1 nucleotide phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019205_2084_1 nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019207_2084_1 kinase regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019208_2084_1 phosphatase regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019211_2084_1 phosphatase activator activity "Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019212_2084_1 phosphatase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019216_3489_1 regulation of lipid metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019217_3489_1 regulation of fatty acid metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019221_3489_1 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:19295629] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019222_3489_1 regulation of metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019226_3489_1 transmission of nerve impulse "The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019227_3489_1 neuronal action potential propagation "A neurological process that causes the sequential depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane along an axon." [GOC:isa_complete] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019233_3489_1 sensory perception of pain "The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process." [http://www.onelook.com/] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019236_3489_1 response to pheromone "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019239_2084_1 deaminase activity "Catalysis of the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing ammonia (NH3)." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019287_3489_1 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates." [GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:PWY-922] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019307_3489_1 mannose biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019310_3489_1 inositol catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms." [CHEBI:24848, GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019318_3489_1 hexose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019343_3489_1 cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019348_3489_1 dolichol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019358_3489_1 nicotinate nucleotide salvage "The generation of nicotinate nucleotide without de novo synthesis." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019363_3489_1 pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base." [GOC:jl, GOC:pde, GOC:vw] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019368_3489_1 fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid "Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019370_3489_1 leukotriene biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019388_3489_1 galactose catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose." [ISBN:0198506732] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019395_3489_1 fatty acid oxidation "The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen." [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:FAO-PWY] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019417_3489_1 sulfur oxidation "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:FESULFOX-PWY, MetaCyc:SULFUROX-PWY] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019427_3489_1 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate." [MetaCyc:ACETATEUTIL-PWY] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019428_3489_1 allantoin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019430_3489_1 removal of superoxide radicals "Any process involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [CHEBI:18421, GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019432_3489_1 triglyceride biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019433_3489_1 triglyceride catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019441_3489_1 tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019464_3489_1 glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex." [MetaCyc:GLYCLEAV-PWY] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019478_3489_1 D-amino acid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019483_3489_1 beta-alanine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019509_3489_1 L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine "The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:PWY-4361] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019521_3489_1 D-gluconate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019531_2084_1 oxalate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of oxalate from one side of the membrane to the other. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019532_3489_1 oxalate transport "The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019538_3489_1 protein metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019544_3489_1 arginine catabolic process to glutamate "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019547_3489_1 arginine catabolic process to ornithine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019551_3489_1 glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019628_3489_1 urate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019646_3489_1 aerobic electron transport chain "A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_electron_transport] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019673_3489_1 GDP-mannose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019682_3489_1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019706_2084_1 protein-cysteine S-palmitoleyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoleyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019722_3489_1 calcium-mediated signaling "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions." [GOC:signaling] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019725_3489_1 cellular homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019730_3489_1 antimicrobial humoral response "An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019731_3489_1 antibacterial humoral response "An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019732_3489_1 antifungal humoral response "An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019749_3489_1 cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte "The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements, such as microfilaments or microtubules, from a nurse cell to an oocyte." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019752_3489_1 carboxylic acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-)." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019773_726_1 proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex "The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rb, PMID:10854779] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019781_2084_1 NEDD8 activating enzyme activity "Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade." [PMID:12646924] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019783_2084_1 small conjugating protein-specific protease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide or isopeptide bonds within small proteins such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO), or between the small protein and a larger protein to which it has been conjugated." [GOC:ma, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019784_2084_1 NEDD8-specific protease activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of NEDD8, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously neddylated substrates." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019787_2084_1 small conjugating protein ligase activity "Catalysis of ATP-dependent isopeptide bond formation between the carboxy-terminal residues of a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, and a substrate lysine residue. This function may be performed alone or in conjunction with an E3, ubiquitin-like protein ligase." [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:10806345, PMID:10884686] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019788_2084_1 NEDD8 ligase activity "Catalysis of ATP-dependent isopeptide bond formation between the carboxy-terminal residues of the small ubiquitin-related modifier NEDD8 and a substrate lysine residue." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019789_2084_1 SUMO ligase activity "Catalysis of ATP-dependent isopeptide bond formation between the carboxy-terminal glycine residues of the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO and a substrate lysine residue, leading to the formation of predominately monosumoylated proteins with modified function." [GOC:rn, PMID:11031248, PMID:11265250] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019799_2084_1 tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine." [EC:2.3.1.108] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019811_2084_1 cocaine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cocaine (2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-benzoxytropane), an alkaloid obtained from dried leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca or by chemical synthesis." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019825_2084_1 oxygen binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxygen (O2)." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019826_2084_1 oxygen sensor activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2)." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019827_3489_1 stem cell maintenance "The process in which an organism retains a population of stem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019835_3489_1 cytolysis "The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm." [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0204] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019841_2084_1 retinol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation." [CHEBI:50211, GOC:curators] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019843_2084_1 rRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal RNA." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019859_3489_1 thymine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019861_726_1 flagellum "Long whiplike or feathery structures borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium." [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0282] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019867_726_1 outer membrane "The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites." [GOC:go_curators] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019887_2084_1 protein kinase regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019888_2084_1 protein phosphatase regulator activity "Modulates the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019894_2084_1 kinesin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation." [GOC:curators, PMID:8606779] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019895_2084_1 kinesin-associated mitochondrial adaptor activity "The activity of linking kinesins, cytoplasmic proteins responsible for moving vesicles and organelles towards the distal end of microtubules, to mitochondria." [PMID:12495622] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019896_3489_1 axon transport of mitochondrion "The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019897_726_1 extrinsic to plasma membrane "Loosely bound to one surface of the plasma membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:curators] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019898_726_1 extrinsic to membrane "Loosely bound to one surface of a membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019899_2084_1 enzyme binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme." [GOC:jl] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019900_2084_1 kinase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group." [GOC:jl] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019901_2084_1 protein kinase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019904_2084_1 protein domain specific binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein." [GOC:go_curators] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019905_2084_1 syntaxin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019908_726_1 nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex "Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus." [GOC:krc] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019909_2084_1 [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase regulator activity "Modification of the activity of the enzyme [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase." [EC:3.1.3.43, GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019910_726_1 mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex "A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:9395502] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0019915_3489_1 lipid storage "The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:11102830] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0019918_3489_1 peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine "The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine." [RESID:AA0067, RESID:AA0069] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0019919_3489_1 peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine "The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine." [RESID:AA0068, RESID:AA0069] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019933_3489_1 cAMP-mediated signaling "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell." [GOC:signaling] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019934_3489_1 cGMP-mediated signaling "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell." [GOC:signaling] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019948_2084_1 SUMO activating enzyme activity "Catalysis of the activation of the proteolytically processed small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:rn, PMID:10187858, PMID:11265250] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019950_3489_1 SMT3-dependent protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SMT3 to the target protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:9435231] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019953_3489_1 sexual reproduction "The regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times." [ISBN:0387520546] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019955_2084_1 cytokine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, ISBN:0198599471] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0019985_3489_1 translesion synthesis "The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide." [GOC:elh, PMID:10535901] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019987_3489_1 negative regulation of anti-apoptosis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019991_3489_1 septate junction assembly "The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space." [GOC:ai, PMID:5272312] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0019992_2084_1 diacylglycerol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diacylglycerol, a diester of glycerol and two fatty acids." [GOC:ma] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0020037_2084_1 heme binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring." [CHEBI:30413, GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0021550_3489_1 medulla oblongata development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0021551_3489_1 central nervous system morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0021556_3489_1 central nervous system formation "The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0021682_3489_1 nerve maturation "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0021696_3489_1 cerebellar cortex morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0021782_3489_1 glial cell development "The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0021919_3489_1 BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:12593981] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0021938_3489_1 smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, GOC:tb, PMID:15157725] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0021954_3489_1 central nervous system neuron development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0021955_3489_1 central nervous system neuron axonogenesis "Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0021960_3489_1 anterior commissure morphogenesis "Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0878937420] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022008_3489_1 neurogenesis "Generation of cells within the nervous system." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022402_3489_1 cell cycle process "A cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022407_3489_1 regulation of cell-cell adhesion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022409_3489_1 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion "Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022416_3489_1 chaeta development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell." [FBbt:00005177, GOC:bf, GOC:cjm, GOC:dos, GOC:isa_complete] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0022417_3489_1 protein maturation by protein folding "The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein." [GOC:isa_complete] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0022600_3489_1 digestive system process "A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_cardio] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022604_3489_1 regulation of cell morphogenesis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022611_3489_1 dormancy process "A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:PO_curators, PO_REF:00009] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022618_3489_1 ribonucleoprotein complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0022625_726_1 cytosolic large ribosomal subunit "The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol." [GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0022626_726_1 cytosolic ribosome "A ribosome located in the cytosol." [GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0022627_726_1 cytosolic small ribosomal subunit "The small subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol." [GOC:mtg_sensu] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0022821_2084_1 potassium ion antiporter activity "Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0022843_2084_1 voltage-gated cation channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0022857_2084_1 transmembrane transporter activity "Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0022891_2084_1 substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity "Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0022900_3489_1 electron transport chain "A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:mtg_electron_transport] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0022904_3489_1 respiratory electron transport chain "A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:mtg_electron_transport, ISBN:0716720094] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0023014_3489_1 signal transduction by phosphorylation "A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate." [GOC:mtg_signal, GOC:signaling] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0023051_3489_1 regulation of signaling "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process." [GOC:mtg_signal] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030001_3489_1 metal ion transport "The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030008_726_1 TRAPP complex "A large complex present on the cis-Golgi that acts prior to SNARE complex assembly to mediate vesicle docking and fusion. Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity has been demonstrated for this complex in S. cerevisiae." [GOC:vw, PMID:17287728, PMID:9564032] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030010_3489_1 establishment of cell polarity "The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030011_3489_1 maintenance of cell polarity "The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030014_726_1 CCR4-NOT complex "The evolutionarily conserved CCR4-NOT complex is involved in several aspects of mRNA metabolism, including repression and activation of mRNA initiation, control of mRNA elongation, and the deadenylation and subsequent degradation of mRNA. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT complex comprises a core complex of 9 proteins (Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p), Caf4p, Caf16p, and several less well characterized proteins." [GOC:sart, PMID:11113136] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030016_726_1 myofibril "The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism." [ISBN:0815316194] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030017_726_1 sarcomere "The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030018_726_1 Z disc "Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached." [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030023_2084_1 extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity "A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030027_726_1 lamellipodium "A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030029_3489_1 actin filament-based process "Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030030_3489_1 cell projection organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030031_3489_1 cell projection assembly "Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030032_3489_1 lamellipodium assembly "Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030034_3489_1 microvillar actin bundle assembly "Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030036_3489_1 actin cytoskeleton organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030037_3489_1 actin filament reorganization involved in cell cycle "The cell cycle process in which rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030038_3489_1 contractile actin filament bundle assembly "Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030041_3489_1 actin filament polymerization "Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament." [GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030042_3489_1 actin filament depolymerization "Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030046_3489_1 parallel actin filament bundle assembly "Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030047_3489_1 actin modification "Covalent modification of an actin molecule." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030048_3489_1 actin filament-based movement "Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030054_726_1 cell junction "A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix." [GOC:mah, http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html, ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030055_726_1 cell-substrate junction "A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix." [GOC:hb, GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030057_726_1 desmosome "A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0815332181] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030060_2084_1 L-malate dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.37] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030061_726_1 mitochondrial crista "Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030071_3489_1 regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030091_3489_1 protein repair "The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues." [GOC:mlg] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030097_3489_1 hemopoiesis "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates." [GOC:dgh, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030100_3489_1 regulation of endocytosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030104_3489_1 water homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030111_3489_1 regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt receptor mediated signal transduction pathway." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030117_726_1 membrane coat "Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030118_726_1 clathrin coat "A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes." [GOC:mah, PMID:11252894, PMID:9531549] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030119_726_1 AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex "Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa)." [GOC:mah, PMID:10611976, PMID:15473838] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030121_726_1 AP-1 adaptor complex "A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C)." [GOC:mah, PMID:10611976, PMID:21097499] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030122_726_1 AP-2 adaptor complex "A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC)." [GOC:mah, PMID:10611976, PMID:21097499] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030123_726_1 AP-3 adaptor complex "A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. AP-3 does not appear to associate with clathrin in all organisms. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B)." [GOC:mah, PMID:10611976, PMID:21097499] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030125_726_1 clathrin vesicle coat "A clathrin coat found on a vesicle." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030126_726_1 COPI vesicle coat "One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state." [GOC:mah, PMID:11252894] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030127_726_1 COPII vesicle coat "One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:11252894] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030129_726_1 clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle "A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle." [GOC:mah] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030130_726_1 clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle "A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030131_726_1 clathrin adaptor complex "A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030132_726_1 clathrin coat of coated pit "The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030133_726_1 transport vesicle "Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, or to destinations within or outside the cell." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030134_726_1 ER to Golgi transport vesicle "A vesicle that mediates transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex; bears a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins; such vesicles found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state, and are involved in ER to Golgi (anterograde) vesicle transport." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:11252894] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030135_726_1 coated vesicle "Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins." [ISBN:0815316194] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030136_726_1 clathrin-coated vesicle "A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes." [GOC:mah, PMID:11252894] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030139_726_1 endocytic vesicle "A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:19696797] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030140_726_1 trans-Golgi network transport vesicle "A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030141_726_1 secretory granule "A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198596732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030142_726_1 Golgi to ER transport vesicle "A vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030145_2084_1 manganese ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with manganese (Mn) ions." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030148_3489_1 sphingolipid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030149_3489_1 sphingolipid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030150_3489_1 protein import into mitochondrial matrix "The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together." [ISBN:0716731363] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030151_2084_1 molybdenum ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with molybdenum (Mo) ions." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030154_3489_1 cell differentiation "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030155_3489_1 regulation of cell adhesion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030158_2084_1 protein xylosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to the serine hydroxyl group of an acceptor protein substrate." [EC:2.4.2.26] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030159_2084_1 receptor signaling complex scaffold activity "Functions to provide a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein receptor signaling complex." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030162_3489_1 regulation of proteolysis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein." [GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030163_3489_1 protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030165_2084_1 PDZ domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins." [GOC:go_curators, Pfam:PF00595] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030166_3489_1 proteoglycan biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030170_2084_1 pyridoxal phosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030173_726_1 integral to Golgi membrane "Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the Golgi complex membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:go_curators] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030175_726_1 filopodium "Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030176_726_1 integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030177_3489_1 positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030178_3489_1 negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030182_3489_1 neuron differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030187_3489_1 melatonin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030198_3489_1 extracellular matrix organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030203_3489_1 glycosaminoglycan metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, they include hyaluronic acid and chondroitin, which provide lubrication in joints and form part of the matrix of cartilage. The three-dimensional structure of these molecules enables them to trap water, which forms a gel and gives glycosaminoglycans their elastic properties." [ISBN:0192800981] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030206_3489_1 chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030210_3489_1 heparin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030215_2084_1 semaphorin receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with semaphorin receptors." [GOC:ceb, PMID:12001990] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030228_2084_1 lipoprotein particle receptor activity "Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids." [CHEBI:6495, GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:12827279] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030234_2084_1 enzyme regulator activity "Modulates the activity of an enzyme." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030237_3489_1 female sex determination "The specification of female sex of an individual organism." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030239_3489_1 myofibril assembly "Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030240_3489_1 skeletal muscle thin filament assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle." [GOC:ef, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030241_3489_1 skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle." [GOC:ef, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030246_2084_1 carbohydrate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates." [CHEBI:16646, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030247_2084_1 polysaccharide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any polysaccharide, a polymer of more than 20 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030258_3489_1 lipid modification "The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030259_3489_1 lipid glycosylation "Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030261_3489_1 chromosome condensation "The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030267_2084_1 glyoxylate reductase (NADP) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NADP+ = glyoxylate + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.79] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030272_2084_1 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H(+) + phosphate." [EC:6.3.3.2, RHEA:10491] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030274_2084_1 LIM domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions." [GOC:go_curators, Pfam:PF00412] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030276_2084_1 clathrin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030285_726_1 integral to synaptic vesicle membrane "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a synaptic vesicle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:go_curators] IC cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030286_726_1 dynein complex "Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity." [ISBN:0815316194] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030288_726_1 outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space "The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin cell wall." [GOC:mlg, GOC:mtg_sensu] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030289_726_1 protein phosphatase 4 complex "The complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus a regulatory subunit." [PMID:10026142] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030292_2084_1 protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030296_2084_1 protein tyrosine kinase activator activity "Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030297_2084_1 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity "Increases the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030299_3489_1 intestinal cholesterol absorption "Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030301_3489_1 cholesterol transport "The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030307_3489_1 positive regulation of cell growth "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030308_3489_1 negative regulation of cell growth "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030314_726_1 junctional membrane complex "Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules)." [PMID:11535622] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030315_726_1 T-tubule "Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane." [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030317_3489_1 sperm motility "Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030322_3489_1 stabilization of membrane potential "The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0030330_3489_1 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator "A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030332_2084_1 cyclin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030334_3489_1 regulation of cell migration "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030336_3489_1 negative regulation of cell migration "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030337_2084_1 DNA polymerase processivity factor activity "An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it." [GOC:mah, PMID:7903401, PMID:8087839] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030342_2084_1 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity "Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 1-alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol)." [PMID:8506296] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030350_2084_1 iron-responsive element binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins." [PMID:3198610, PMID:8710843] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030366_2084_1 Mo-molybdopterin synthase activity "Catalysis of the conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin, the final step in molybdopterin biosynthesis." [PMID:8514783] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030371_2084_1 translation repressor activity "Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide." [GOC:ai, GOC:clt] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030374_2084_1 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity "The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030381_3489_1 chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation "The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030382_3489_1 sperm mitochondrion organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:8833144] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030414_2084_1 peptidase inhibitor activity "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds." [GOC:jl] ISM molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030421_3489_1 defecation "The expulsion of feces from the rectum." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030422_3489_1 production of siRNA involved in RNA interference "Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference." [GOC:mah, PMID:11524674] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030423_3489_1 targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference "The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation." [PMID:11524674] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030424_726_1 axon "The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter." [GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030425_726_1 dendrite "A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body." [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030426_726_1 growth cone "The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030431_3489_1 sleep "Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain." [ISBN:0192800981] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030432_3489_1 peristalsis "A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030433_3489_1 ER-associated protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins." [GOC:mah, GOC:rb, PMID:14607247, PMID:19520858] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030473_3489_1 nuclear migration along microtubule "The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins." [GOC:mah, GOC:sgd_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0030478_726_1 actin cap "Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." [GOC:mah, ISBN:10652251] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030488_3489_1 tRNA methylation "The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030496_726_1 midbody "A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030497_3489_1 fatty acid elongation "The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units." [ISBN:0716720094] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030506_2084_1 ankyrin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ankyrin, a 200 kDa cytoskeletal protein that attaches other cytoskeletal proteins to integral membrane proteins." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030507_2084_1 spectrin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030509_3489_1 BMP signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0878932437, PR:000000034] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030510_3489_1 regulation of BMP signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030511_3489_1 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030512_3489_1 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0030513_3489_1 positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030514_3489_1 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030515_2084_1 snoRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with small nucleolar RNA." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030516_3489_1 regulation of axon extension "Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030517_3489_1 negative regulation of axon extension "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030518_3489_1 intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a intracellular steroid hormone receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030522_3489_1 intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway "Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030529_726_1 ribonucleoprotein complex "A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules." [GOC:krc] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030530_726_1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex "Particulate complex of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA; a heterogeneous mixture of RNA molecules of high Mr with a rapid turnover rate that occurs in cell nuclei during protein synthesis; it is the form of RNA synthesized in eukaryotes by RNA polymerase II, that which is translated into protein) with protein, which is cell-specific and heterogeneous. The protein component may play a role in the processing of the hnRNA to mRNA." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030532_726_1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex "A complex composed of RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and protein, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP or U4/U6 snRNP. Many, but not all, of these complexes are involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879695897] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030534_3489_1 adult behavior "Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0877797099] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030536_3489_1 larval feeding behavior "Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030537_3489_1 larval behavior "Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0877797099] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030539_3489_1 male genitalia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030540_3489_1 female genitalia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030544_2084_1 Hsp70 protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp70 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030551_2084_1 cyclic nucleotide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030552_2084_1 cAMP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030553_2084_1 cGMP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate)." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030559_2084_1 rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity "Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue." [GOC:mah, PMID:12457565] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030576_3489_1 Cajal body organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors." [GOC:mah, PMID:11031238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030579_3489_1 ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of SMAD signaling proteins by ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030586_2084_1 [methionine synthase] reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + S-adenosyl methionine = [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+." [EC:1.16.1.8] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030589_3489_1 pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation "Formation of furrows in the cytoplasm between nuclei during cell cycles in embryos that contribute to the formation of the syncytial blastoderm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030594_2084_1 neurotransmitter receptor activity "Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030616_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor, common-partner cytoplasmic mediator activity "A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that forms a complex with a phosphorylated pathway-specific mediator. The heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription." [GOC:hjd] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030617_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor, inhibitory cytoplasmic mediator activity "A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that inhibits the signaling function of common-partner and pathway-specific mediators." [PMID:9759503] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030618_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity "A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that is phosphorylated by a TGFbeta receptor and complexes with a common-partner mediator. The- heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription." [GOC:hjd] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030619_2084_1 U1 snRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA)." [GOC:mah] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030620_2084_1 U2 snRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA)." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030621_2084_1 U4 snRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA)." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030628_2084_1 pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the pre-mRNA 3' splice site sequence." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030659_726_1 cytoplasmic vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030663_726_1 COPI coated vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030665_726_1 clathrin coated vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030669_726_1 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030672_726_1 synaptic vesicle membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030673_726_1 axolemma "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness." [http://www.medik.sk/clanky/bio_jun.htm, ISBN:0124325653] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030674_2084_1 protein binding, bridging "The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030676_2084_1 Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity "Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rac family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030677_726_1 ribonuclease P complex "A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs." [GOC:mah, PMID:12045094] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030678_726_1 mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex "A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species, but the complex often contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule." [GOC:mah, PMID:12045094] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030686_726_1 90S preribosome "A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins." [PMID:12150911, PMID:12957375, PMID:15120992] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030688_726_1 preribosome, small subunit precursor "A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit." [PMID:10567516] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030695_2084_1 GTPase regulator activity "Modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030702_3489_1 chromatin silencing at centromere "Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030705_3489_1 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport "The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030706_3489_1 germarium-derived oocyte differentiation "The process in which one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte. An example of this process can be found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030707_3489_1 ovarian follicle cell development "The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10822261] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030708_3489_1 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation "Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11591336] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030709_3489_1 border follicle cell delamination "The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration." [PMID:10822261] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030710_3489_1 regulation of border follicle cell delamination "Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination." [PMID:10822261] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030713_3489_1 ovarian follicle cell stalk formation "Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10822261] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030714_3489_1 anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium "Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030715_3489_1 oocyte growth in germarium-derived egg chamber "The increase in volume of an oocyte during the growth phase of the egg chamber, once the egg chamber has left the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030716_3489_1 oocyte fate determination "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030717_3489_1 karyosome formation "The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome." [PMID:11700288, PMID:18039935] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030718_3489_1 germ-line stem cell maintenance "Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells from differentiating as another cell type." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030719_3489_1 P granule organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes." [PMID:10851135, PMID:770367] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030720_3489_1 oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation "Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10449356] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030721_3489_1 spectrosome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome." [PMID:11131529] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030722_3489_1 establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification "The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. In the insect oocyte, for example, the nucleus is repositioned to a dorso-anterior position." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030723_3489_1 ovarian fusome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030724_3489_1 testicular fusome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030725_3489_1 germline ring canal formation "Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030726_3489_1 male germline ring canal formation "Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030727_3489_1 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation "Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells, in the germarium, derived from a single founder cell (cystoblast). An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10370240] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030728_3489_1 ovulation "The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0878932437] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030730_3489_1 sequestering of triglyceride "The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030832_3489_1 regulation of actin filament length "Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030833_3489_1 regulation of actin filament polymerization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030834_3489_1 regulation of actin filament depolymerization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030837_3489_1 negative regulation of actin filament polymerization "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030838_3489_1 positive regulation of actin filament polymerization "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030845_3489_1 phospholipase C-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "A G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, PMID:8280098] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030849_726_1 autosome "Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030858_3489_1 positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030863_726_1 cortical cytoskeleton "The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030864_726_1 cortical actin cytoskeleton "The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030866_3489_1 cortical actin cytoskeleton organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030870_726_1 Mre11 complex "Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:11988766, PMID:17674145] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030880_726_1 RNA polymerase complex "Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030891_726_1 VCB complex "A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1." [GOC:mah, PMID:11865071] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030898_2084_1 actin-dependent ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of an actin filament to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030904_726_1 retromer complex "A conserved multimeric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. For example, the budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p." [PMID:9700157] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030908_3489_1 protein splicing "The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence." [GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0030911_2084_1 TPR domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of a protein, the consensus sequence of which is defined by a pattern of small and large hydrophobic amino acids and a structure composed of helices." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030915_726_1 Smc5-Smc6 complex "A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans." [GOC:rb, PMID:14701739] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0030917_3489_1 midbrain-hindbrain boundary development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages." [GOC:dgh] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030942_2084_1 endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030950_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030951_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030953_3489_1 astral microtubule organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0030955_2084_1 potassium ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with potassium (K+) ions." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030968_3489_1 endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation." [GOC:mah, PMID:12042763] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0030974_3489_1 thiamine pyrophosphate transport "The directed movement of thiamine pyrophosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mlg] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0030976_2084_1 thiamine pyrophosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases." [CHEBI:45931, GOC:mlg] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030983_2084_1 mismatched DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing one or more mismatches." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0030997_3489_1 regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion "Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker." [PMID:11076968] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031000_3489_1 response to caffeine "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them." [CHEBI:27732, GOC:ef, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031005_2084_1 filamin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain." [GOC:mah, PMID:11336782] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031011_726_1 Ino80 complex "A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity and 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity." [GOC:jh, GOC:rb, PMID:19355820] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031012_726_1 extracellular matrix "A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals and bacteria) or be part of the cell (as in plants)." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031023_3489_1 microtubule organizing center organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031032_3489_1 actomyosin structure organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031034_3489_1 myosin filament assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031036_3489_1 myosin II filament assembly "The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031047_3489_1 gene silencing by RNA "Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:15020054] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031053_3489_1 primary miRNA processing "Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule." [GOC:sl, PMID:15211354] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031054_3489_1 pre-miRNA processing "Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule." [GOC:sl, PMID:15211354] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031060_3489_1 regulation of histone methylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031062_3489_1 positive regulation of histone methylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031065_3489_1 positive regulation of histone deacetylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031071_2084_1 cysteine desulfurase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine." [EC:2.8.1.7] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031072_2084_1 heat shock protein binding "Interacting selectvely with a heat shock protein, any protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031078_2084_1 histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, RHEA:24551] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031081_3489_1 nuclear pore distribution "Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031083_726_1 BLOC-1 complex "A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins." [PMID:15102850] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031098_3489_1 stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade "A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031102_3489_1 neuron projection regeneration "The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031105_726_1 septin complex "Any of several heterooligomeric complexes containing multiple septins." [GOC:mah, PMID:15385632] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031106_3489_1 septin ring organization "Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031114_3489_1 regulation of microtubule depolymerization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031116_3489_1 positive regulation of microtubule polymerization "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031117_3489_1 positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031118_3489_1 rRNA pseudouridine synthesis "The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0031120_3489_1 snRNA pseudouridine synthesis "The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031122_3489_1 cytoplasmic microtubule organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031123_3489_1 RNA 3'-end processing "Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031134_3489_1 sister chromatid biorientation "The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles." [PMID:15309047] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031144_3489_1 proteasome localization "Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031145_3489_1 anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome." [PMID:15380083] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031151_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K79 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 79) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 79). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 79 of the histone H3 protein." [GOC:mah, PMID:15371351] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031167_3489_1 rRNA methylation "The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031175_3489_1 neuron projection development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites)." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031177_2084_1 phosphopantetheine binding "Interacting selectively with phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate)." [CHEBI:16858, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031201_726_1 SNARE complex "A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25." [PMID:10872468] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031208_2084_1 POZ domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain of a protein, a protein-protein interaction domain found in many transcription factors." [PMID:7958847] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031209_726_1 SCAR complex "A heterotetrameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap125 and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction." [GOC:pg, PMID:12181570] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031213_726_1 RSF complex "A chromatin remodeling complex that mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In humans, the complex is composed of the ATPase hSNF2H and the HBXAP protein (RSF-1)." [PMID:12972596] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031223_3489_1 auditory behavior "The actions or reactions of an organism in response to a sound." [GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031224_726_1 intrinsic to membrane "Located in a membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031225_726_1 anchored to membrane "Tethered to a membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group, that is embedded in the membrane. When used to describe a protein, indicates that none of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031226_726_1 intrinsic to plasma membrane "Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031227_726_1 intrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane "Located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031228_726_1 intrinsic to Golgi membrane "Located in the Golgi membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031234_726_1 extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane "Loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:mah] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031235_726_1 intrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane "Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side that faces the cytoplasm." [GOC:mah] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031240_726_1 external side of cell outer membrane "The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell." [GOC:mlg, GOC:mtg_sensu] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031248_726_1 protein acetyltransferase complex "A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule." [GOC:bf] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031252_726_1 cell leading edge "The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement." [GOC:pg] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031258_726_1 lamellipodium membrane "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031262_726_1 Ndc80 complex "A protein complex conserved among eukaryotes that forms part of the kinetochore and plays an essential role in forming stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The complex contains proteins known in several species, including budding and fission yeasts, as Ndc80p, Nuf2p, Spc24p, and Spc25p. In vertebrates it is part of the outer plate of the kinetochore." [PMID:15509863, PMID:15661517] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031290_3489_1 retinal ganglion cell axon guidance "The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues." [GOC:ejs] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031298_726_1 replication fork protection complex "A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling." [PMID:15367656] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031301_726_1 integral to organelle membrane "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an organelle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:mah] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031302_726_1 intrinsic to endosome membrane "Located in the endosome membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031305_726_1 integral to mitochondrial inner membrane "Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031307_726_1 integral to mitochondrial outer membrane "Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031314_726_1 extrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane "Loosely bound to one surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031323_3489_1 regulation of cellular metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031334_3489_1 positive regulation of protein complex assembly "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031369_2084_1 translation initiation factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031370_2084_1 eukaryotic initiation factor 4G binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031386_2084_1 protein tag "Acting as an indicator or marker to facilitate recognition by other molecules in the cell. Recognition of the tag, which can be covalently attached to the target molecule, may result in modification, sequestration, transport or degradation of the molecule in question." [GOC:go_curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031395_726_1 bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex "A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits." [GOC:rc] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031396_3489_1 regulation of protein ubiquitination "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031397_3489_1 negative regulation of protein ubiquitination "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031398_3489_1 positive regulation of protein ubiquitination "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031409_2084_1 pigment binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031410_726_1 cytoplasmic vesicle "A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031418_2084_1 L-ascorbic acid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species." [CHEBI:38290, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031419_2084_1 cobalamin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031427_3489_1 response to methotrexate "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase." [CHEBI:44185, GOC:ef, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031429_726_1 box H/ACA snoRNP complex "A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the nucleolus." [GOC:vw, ISBN:0879695897, PMID:17284456, PMID:20227365] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031430_726_1 M band "The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines." [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031434_2084_1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031435_2084_1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031441_3489_1 negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031452_3489_1 negative regulation of heterochromatin assembly "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031453_3489_1 positive regulation of heterochromatin assembly "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031461_726_1 cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex "Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity." [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031462_726_1 Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex "A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein." [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031463_726_1 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex "A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein." [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031468_3489_1 nuclear envelope reassembly "The reformation of the nuclear envelope following its breakdown in the context of a normal process." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031473_2084_1 myosin III binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class III myosin; myosin III is monomeric and has an N terminal kinase domain." [GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031476_726_1 myosin VI complex "A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments." [http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031490_2084_1 chromatin DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031491_2084_1 nucleosome binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031492_2084_1 nucleosomal DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DNA portion of a nucleosome." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031497_3489_1 chromatin assembly "The assembly of DNA, histone proteins, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA, into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus." [http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/chromcancer/IntroItems/ChromatinEducEng.html, PMID:20404130] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031507_3489_1 heterochromatin assembly "The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031510_726_1 SUMO activating enzyme complex "A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity." [PMID:15601841] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031515_726_1 tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex "A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer." [PMID:10779558, PMID:14739239] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031519_726_1 PcG protein complex "A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure." [PMID:9372908] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031523_726_1 Myb complex "A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression." [PMID:12490953, PMID:15545624] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031526_726_1 brush border membrane "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border." [GOC:mah] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031528_726_1 microvillus membrane "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031532_3489_1 actin cytoskeleton reorganization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins." [GOC:ecd, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031534_3489_1 minus-end directed microtubule sliding "The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031535_3489_1 plus-end directed microtubule sliding "The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031536_3489_1 positive regulation of exit from mitosis "Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity)." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031545_2084_1 peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031558_3489_1 induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus "Any process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis as a result of a chemical stimulus." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0031566_3489_1 actomyosin contractile ring maintenance "The cell cycle process in which the contractile ring is maintained in response to the cytokinesis checkpoint; that is when cytokinesis is delayed awaiting completion of nuclear division or the correct formation of cytokinetic structures. This process occurs in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031571_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint "A mitotic G1/S transition checkpoint that blocks entry into S phase in response to DNA damage." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031572_3489_1 G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase in response to DNA damage." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031573_3489_1 intra-S DNA damage checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progession." [GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031577_3489_1 spindle checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that delays progression through the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle." [GOC:mah, PMID:15897186] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031588_726_1 AMP-activated protein kinase complex "A protein complex that possesses AMP-dependent protein kinase activity." [GOC:mah] IC cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031589_3489_1 cell-substrate adhesion "The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules." [GOC:mah, GOC:pf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031594_726_1 neuromuscular junction "The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible of the muscle contraction." [GOC:nln] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031616_726_1 spindle pole centrosome "A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031617_726_1 NMS complex "A supercomplex formed by the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) with additional proteins at the kinetochores of condensed nuclear chromosomes." [PMID:16079914] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031618_726_1 nuclear centromeric heterochromatin "A region of heterochromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome in the nucleus." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031623_3489_1 receptor internalization "A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:15006537, PMID:19643732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031624_2084_1 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins." [GOC:vp] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031625_2084_1 ubiquitin protein ligase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins." [GOC:vp] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031629_3489_1 synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane "Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with its target presynaptic membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft." [ISBN:0071120009] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031631_3489_1 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031637_3489_1 regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin "The process in which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers." [GOC:mah, PMID:8703078] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031638_3489_1 zymogen activation "The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form." [GOC:hjd] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031640_3489_1 killing of cells of other organism "Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions." [GOC:add] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031647_3489_1 regulation of protein stability "Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein by altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031660_3489_1 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in G2/M "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity contributing to the G2/M transition of the cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031670_3489_1 cellular response to nutrient "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031672_726_1 A band "The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line." [ISBN:0321204131] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031674_726_1 I band "A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end." [ISBN:0321204131] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031683_2084_1 G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits." [GOC:nln, GOC:vw] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031752_2084_1 D5 dopamine receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D5 dopamine receptor." [GOC:mah, GOC:nln] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031887_3489_1 lipid particle transport along microtubule "The directed movement of a lipid particle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins." [PMID:9491895] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031902_726_1 late endosome membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome." [GOC:pz] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031931_726_1 TORC1 complex "A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p." [GOC:jh, PMID:15780592, PMID:16469695, PMID:21548787] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031933_726_1 telomeric heterochromatin "Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031935_3489_1 regulation of chromatin silencing "Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031936_3489_1 negative regulation of chromatin silencing "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0031937_3489_1 positive regulation of chromatin silencing "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031941_726_1 filamentous actin "A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031943_3489_1 regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0031964_2084_1 beta-alanyl-histamine hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl histamine + H2O = histamine + beta-alanine." [GOC:rc, PMID:16299587] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0031965_726_1 nuclear membrane "Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space." [GOC:mah, GOC:pz] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031966_726_1 mitochondrial membrane "Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031982_726_1 vesicle "Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein." [GOC:mah, GOC:pz] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0031987_3489_1 locomotion involved in locomotory behavior "Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0031989_3489_1 bombesin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a bombesin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0031990_3489_1 mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress "The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032006_3489_1 regulation of TOR signaling cascade "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the TOR signaling pathway." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032007_3489_1 negative regulation of TOR signaling cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the TOR signaling pathway." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032008_3489_1 positive regulation of TOR signaling cascade "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the TOR signaling pathway." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032012_3489_1 regulation of ARF protein signal transduction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032021_726_1 NELF complex "A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing." [PMID:12612062] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032027_2084_1 myosin light chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin complex." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032033_2084_1 myosin II light chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin II complex." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032036_2084_1 myosin heavy chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin complex." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032038_2084_1 myosin II heavy chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin II complex." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032039_726_1 integrator complex "A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II." [PMID:16239144] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032040_726_1 small-subunit processome "A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins." [PMID:12068309, PMID:12957375, PMID:15120992, PMID:15590835] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032041_2084_1 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, RHEA:24551] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032044_726_1 DSIF complex "A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions, and may play a role in RNA processing via its physical association with mRNA capping enzymes." [PMID:12242279, PMID:12653964, PMID:12676794, PMID:16581788, PMID:19460865] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032048_3489_1 cardiolipin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol." [CHEBI:28494, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032049_3489_1 cardiolipin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol." [CHEBI:28494, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032050_2084_1 clathrin heavy chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy chain." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032053_3489_1 microtubule basal body organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:9889124] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032065_3489_1 cortical protein anchoring "A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex." [GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032093_2084_1 SAM domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes." [GOC:mcc, PMID:16337230] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032095_3489_1 regulation of response to food "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus." [GOC:add] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032116_726_1 SMC loading complex "A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved." [GOC:curators, GOC:vw, PMID:10882066] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032129_2084_1 histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, RHEA:24551] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032133_726_1 chromosome passenger complex "A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin." [GOC:vw, PMID:16824200, PMID:19570910] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032137_2084_1 guanine/thymine mispair binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a G/T mispair." [GOC:vk] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032138_2084_1 single base insertion or deletion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single base insertion or deletion." [GOC:vk] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032147_3489_1 activation of protein kinase activity "Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032154_726_1 cleavage furrow "In animal cells, the first sign of cleavage, or cytokinesis, is the appearance of a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. A contractile ring containing actin and myosin is located just inside the plasma membrane at the location of the furrow. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that deepens the cleavage furrow and divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. While the term 'cleavage furrow' was initially associated with animal cells, such a structure occurs in many other types of cells, including unicellular protists." [ISBN:0805319409] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032183_2084_1 SUMO binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032187_3489_1 actomyosin contractile ring localization "The process in which a contractile ring is assembled and/or maintained in a specific location, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032189_3489_1 maintenance of actomyosin contractile ring localization "Any process in which a contractile ring is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032222_3489_1 regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032231_3489_1 regulation of actin filament bundle assembly "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032237_3489_1 activation of store-operated calcium channel activity "A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032240_3489_1 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032259_3489_1 methylation "The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032266_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' position." [GOC:bf, PMID:10209156, PMID:11395417, PMID:11557775] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032291_3489_1 axon ensheathment in central nervous system "The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032300_726_1 mismatch repair complex "Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair." [GOC:mah] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032301_726_1 MutSalpha complex "A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6." [PMID:11005803] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032302_726_1 MutSbeta complex "A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3." [PMID:11005803] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032312_3489_1 regulation of ARF GTPase activity "Any process that modulates the activity of the GTPase ARF." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032313_3489_1 regulation of Rab GTPase activity "Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rab family." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032314_3489_1 regulation of Rac GTPase activity "Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rac family." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032317_3489_1 regulation of Rap GTPase activity "Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rap family." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032319_3489_1 regulation of Rho GTPase activity "Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rho family." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032320_3489_1 positive regulation of Ras GTPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Ras superfamily." [GOC:mah] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032321_3489_1 positive regulation of Rho GTPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Rho family." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032324_3489_1 molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032368_3489_1 regulation of lipid transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032374_3489_1 regulation of cholesterol transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032389_726_1 MutLalpha complex "A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS2." [GOC:vk] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032390_726_1 MutLbeta complex "A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1." [GOC:vk] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032407_2084_1 MutSalpha complex binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mismatch repair complex MutSalpha." [GOC:vk] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032414_3489_1 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter." [GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032419_726_1 extrinsic to lysosome membrane "Loosely bound to one surface of the lysosome membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032432_726_1 actin filament bundle "An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032433_726_1 filopodium tip "The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032435_3489_1 negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032436_3489_1 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032438_3489_1 melanosome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored." [GOC:vk] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0032450_2084_1 maltose alpha-glucosidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose." [MetaCyc:RXN-2141] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032452_2084_1 histone demethylase activity "Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032453_2084_1 histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific) "Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032454_2084_1 histone demethylase activity (H3-K9 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9) + alpha-ketoglutarate + O2 = succinate + CO2 + formaldehyde + lysine. This reaction is the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein." [PMID:16362057] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032456_3489_1 endocytic recycling "The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport." [GOC:ecd, PMID:16473635] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032469_3489_1 endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032494_3489_1 response to peptidoglycan "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032496_3489_1 response to lipopolysaccharide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032500_2084_1 muramyl dipeptide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with muramyl dipeptide; muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan." [GOC:rl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032502_3489_1 developmental process "A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition." [GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032504_3489_1 multicellular organism reproduction "The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032507_3489_1 maintenance of protein location in cell "Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032508_3489_1 DNA duplex unwinding "The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032509_3489_1 endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway "The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment." [GOC:mah, PMID:12461556, PMID:16689637] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032515_3489_1 negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity "Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0032516_3489_1 positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0032527_3489_1 protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum "The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:rb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032528_3489_1 microvillus organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032529_3489_1 follicle cell microvillus organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. A microvillus is a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments." [GOC:sart, PMID:16507588] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032533_3489_1 regulation of follicle cell microvillus length "A process that modulates the length of a microvillus on a follicle cell." [GOC:sart, PMID:16260500] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032542_2084_1 sulfiredoxin activity "Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R." [EC:1.8.98.2, PMID:16102934] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032543_3489_1 mitochondrial translation "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032549_2084_1 ribonucleoside binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to ribose." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032561_2084_1 guanyl ribonucleotide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032577_2084_1 phosphatidylcholine:cardiolipin O-linoleoyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group from phosphatidylcholine to an oxygen atom on a cardiolipin molecule." [GOC:cb, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032580_726_1 Golgi cisterna membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex." [GOC:ecd, GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032588_726_1 trans-Golgi network membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032589_726_1 neuron projection membrane "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection." [GOC:mah] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032592_726_1 integral to mitochondrial membrane "Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of a mitochondrial membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032775_3489_1 DNA methylation on adenine "The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule." [GOC:pf] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032777_726_1 Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex "A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p." [GOC:rb, PMID:12782659, PMID:15964809] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032781_3489_1 positive regulation of ATPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032783_726_1 ELL-EAF complex "A heterodimeric protein complex that acts as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor; the complex is conserved from yeast to humans, and is present in S. pombe, but absent from S. cerevisiae." [PMID:17150956] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032784_3489_1 regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, elongation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032785_3489_1 negative regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, elongation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0032786_3489_1 positive regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, elongation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032790_3489_1 ribosome disassembly "The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits." [GOC:mah, GOC:vk] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0032793_3489_1 positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor CREB." [GOC:dph, GOC:ecd, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032794_2084_1 GTPase activating protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase activating protein." [GOC:nln] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032799_3489_1 low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors." [GOC:vk] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032806_726_1 carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex "A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5." [PMID:15047695, PMID:16721054, PMID:17079683] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032807_726_1 DNA ligase IV complex "A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p." [PMID:16314503] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032837_3489_1 distributive segregation "The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a \"backup\" mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally." [GOC:expert_rsh, GOC:ma, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032851_3489_1 positive regulation of Rab GTPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Rab family." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032853_3489_1 positive regulation of Ran GTPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Ran family." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032862_3489_1 activation of Rho GTPase activity "Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Rho family through the replacement of GDP by GTP." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0032863_3489_1 activation of Rac GTPase activity "Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Rac family through the replacement of GDP by GTP." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032868_3489_1 response to insulin stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032869_3489_1 cellular response to insulin stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032874_3489_1 positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032876_3489_1 negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032877_3489_1 positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032879_3489_1 regulation of localization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032880_3489_1 regulation of protein localization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032888_3489_1 regulation of mitotic spindle elongation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032922_3489_1 circadian regulation of gene expression "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032924_3489_1 activin receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:rl, GOC:signaling] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032926_3489_1 negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway." [GOC:rl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032927_3489_1 positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway." [GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032933_3489_1 SREBP signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of altered levels of one or more lipids (or in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:vw, PMID:12923525, PMID:22017871] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032934_2084_1 sterol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sterol, any steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol." [CHEBI:15889, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0032940_3489_1 secretion by cell "The controlled release of a substance by a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032956_3489_1 regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032958_3489_1 inositol phosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached." [CHEBI:24848, CHEBI:25448, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032968_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0032970_3489_1 regulation of actin filament-based process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0032981_3489_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I." [GOC:rph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0032982_726_1 myosin filament "A protein complex containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0032994_726_1 protein-lipid complex "A macromolecular complex containing both protein and lipid molecules." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033014_3489_1 tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next." [CHEBI:26932, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033017_726_1 sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:rph] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033038_2084_1 bitter taste receptor activity "Combining with soluble bitter compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of bitter taste." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033041_2084_1 sweet taste receptor activity "Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033116_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane "The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system." [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:16723730] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033119_3489_1 negative regulation of RNA splicing "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033130_2084_1 acetylcholine receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an acetylcholine receptor." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033157_3489_1 regulation of intracellular protein transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033160_3489_1 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation "Any process that activates or increases the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033168_3489_1 conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA involved in RNA interference "The process in which double-stranded siRNA molecules are converted to single-stranded siRNAs; required for the formation of a mature RITS complex during RNA interference." [GOC:mah, PMID:17310250] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033169_3489_1 histone H3-K9 demethylation "The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033177_726_1 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain "A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins." [GOC:mah, PMID:10838056] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033178_726_1 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, catalytic domain "A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. The catalytic domain (F1, V1, or A1) comprises a hexameric catalytic core and a central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the membrane when the two-sector ATPase is assembled." [GOC:mah, PMID:10838056] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033179_726_1 proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain "A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and mediates proton transport across a membrane. The V0 complex consists of at least four different subunits (a,c,d and e); six or more c subunits form a proton-binding rotor ring." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716743663, PMID:16449553] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033180_726_1 proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain "A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716743663, PMID:16449553] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033186_726_1 CAF-1 complex "A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48." [PMID:17065558, PMID:17083276] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033192_2084_1 calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin." [GOC:mah, PMID:15359118] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033205_3489_1 cell cycle cytokinesis "Cytokinesis that occurs in the context of cell cycle progression and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033206_3489_1 cytokinesis after meiosis "A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033209_3489_1 tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0033212_3489_1 iron assimilation "A process in which iron is solubilized and transported into a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033227_3489_1 dsRNA transport "The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033261_3489_1 regulation of S phase "A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0033345_3489_1 asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0033387_3489_1 putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY-46] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033500_3489_1 carbohydrate homeostasis "A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033522_3489_1 histone H2A ubiquitination "The modification of histone H2A by addition of one or more ubiquitin groups." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:15509584, PMID:16473935, PMID:18430235] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033540_3489_1 fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase "A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively)." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY-5136] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0033553_726_1 rDNA heterochromatin "A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033554_3489_1 cellular response to stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation)." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033557_726_1 Slx1-Slx4 complex "A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes." [PMID:14528010, PMID:16467377] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033563_3489_1 dorsal/ventral axon guidance "The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033564_3489_1 anterior/posterior axon guidance "The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033565_726_1 ESCRT-0 complex "A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals." [GOC:rb, PMID:12055639, PMID:17543868] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033577_3489_1 protein glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum "The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:12042244] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033578_3489_1 protein glycosylation in Golgi "The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus." [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:12042244] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033583_726_1 rhabdomere membrane "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the rhabdomere." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033588_726_1 Elongator holoenzyme complex "A heterohexameric protein complex that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA, and exerts direct effects on transcriptional elongation and exocytosis. The complex can associate physically with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II; it contains two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes." [GOC:jh, GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:11689709, PMID:15769872, PMID:17018299, PMID:18755837] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033596_726_1 TSC1-TSC2 complex "A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway." [PMID:10585443, PMID:17121544, PMID:9580671] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033613_2084_1 activating transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033615_3489_1 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0033617_3489_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0033619_3489_1 membrane protein proteolysis "The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains." [GOC:pde] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0033627_3489_1 cell adhesion mediated by integrin "The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits." [GOC:add, PMID:12213832, PMID:14754902] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033628_3489_1 regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin." [GOC:add] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0033632_3489_1 regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin." [GOC:add] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0033677_2084_1 DNA/RNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA." [GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033768_726_1 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex "A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes." [GOC:vw, PMID:17762864, PMID:17762865] IC cellular_component Spf45 GO:0033819_2084_1 lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + protein = protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl-carrier protein." [EC:2.3.1.181] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033829_2084_1 O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor." [EC:2.4.1.222] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033842_2084_1 N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group." [EC:2.4.1.244] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033857_2084_1 diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate." [EC:2.7.4.24] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033897_2084_1 ribonuclease T2 activity "Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates." [EC:3.1.27.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033925_2084_1 mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity "Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl unit in high-mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing the -[Man(GlcNAc)2]Asn-structure. One N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue remains attached to the protein; the rest of the oligosaccharide is released intact." [EC:3.2.1.96] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033961_2084_1 cis-stilbene-oxide hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol." [EC:3.3.2.9] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0033962_3489_1 cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body." [GOC:mah, PMID:17429074] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0033971_2084_1 hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H(2)O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H(+)." [EC:3.5.2.17, RHEA:23739] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034023_2084_1 5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate." [EC:5.4.99.18] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034038_2084_1 deoxyhypusine synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+." [EC:2.5.1.46, GOC:pde, MetaCyc:2.5.1.46-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034045_726_1 pre-autophagosomal structure membrane "A cellular membrane associated with the pre-autophagosomal structure." [GOC:mah, GOC:rph, PMID:16874040, PMID:17382324] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0034058_3489_1 endosomal vesicle fusion "The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome." [PMID:11964142, PMID:9422733] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034059_3489_1 response to anoxia "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%." [GOC:kmv] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034063_3489_1 stress granule assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule." [GOC:mah, PMID:17392519] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034088_3489_1 maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion "The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0034112_3489_1 positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion." [GOC:add] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034198_3489_1 cellular response to amino acid starvation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids." [GOC:ecd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034220_3489_1 ion transmembrane transport "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0034227_3489_1 tRNA thio-modification "The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule." [GOC:mcc, PMID:12549933, PMID:14722066] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0034235_2084_1 GPI anchor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes." [GOC:vw] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034244_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034289_3489_1 detection of maltose stimulus "The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034314_3489_1 Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation "The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins." [GOC:mah, PMID:16959963, PMID:18640983] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034332_3489_1 adherens junction organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034334_3489_1 adherens junction maintenance "The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034349_3489_1 glial cell apoptotic process "The process of apoptosis in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system." [CL:0000125, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034352_3489_1 positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptosis." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034389_3489_1 lipid particle organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:18093937, PMID:18250201] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034394_3489_1 protein localization to cell surface "A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034399_726_1 nuclear periphery "The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0034428_3489_1 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3' "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034440_3489_1 lipid oxidation "The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034450_2084_1 ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein N-ubiquityl(n)lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityl(n+1)lysine. This reaction is the ligation of ubiquitin groups, via isopeptide bonds, to extend the length of the multiubiquitin chain attached to a substrate protein." [GOC:mah, GOC:mcc, PMID:10089879, PMID:17190603] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034454_3489_1 microtubule anchoring at centrosome "Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034472_3489_1 snRNA 3'-end processing "Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034480_2084_1 phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a choline phosphate." [EC:3.1.4.3, GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034501_3489_1 protein localization to kinetochore "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034504_3489_1 protein localization to nucleus "A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus." [GOC:ecd] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0034511_2084_1 U3 snoRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with U3 small nucleolar RNA." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034512_2084_1 box C/D snoRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with box C/D small nucleolar RNA." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034518_726_1 RNA cap binding complex "Any protein complex that binds to a specialized RNA cap structure at any time in the lifetime of the RNA." [GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0034551_3489_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane." [GOC:dgf, GOC:mcc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034584_2084_1 piRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism." [GOC:kmv] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034587_3489_1 piRNA metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism." [GOC:kmv] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034593_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate + phosphate." [GOC:mah] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034597_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034599_3489_1 cellular response to oxidative stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034605_3489_1 cellular response to heat "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism." [GOC:mah] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034613_3489_1 cellular protein localization "Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034614_3489_1 cellular response to reactive oxygen species "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034620_3489_1 cellular response to unfolded protein "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034643_3489_1 establishment of mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated "The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location, by a process involving microtubules." [GOC:mah, PMID:12972644, PMID:15979253, PMID:16306220] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034644_3489_1 cellular response to UV "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers." [GOC:mah] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034647_2084_1 histone demethylase activity (H3-trimethyl-K4 specific) "Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from trimethylated lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein." [GOC:mah, PMID:17550896] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034701_2084_1 tripeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034703_726_1 cation channel complex "An ion channel complex through which cations pass." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0034707_726_1 chloride channel complex "An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0034720_3489_1 histone H3-K4 demethylation "The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034721_3489_1 histone H3-K4 demethylation, trimethyl-H3-K4-specific "The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from a trimetylated lysine at position 4 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034729_3489_1 histone H3-K79 methylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone." [GOC:se] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034736_2084_1 cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.26, RHEA:17732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034739_2084_1 histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, GOC:vw, RHEA:24551] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0034747_726_1 Axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complex "A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Axin-1, beta-catenin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Formation of this complex leads to phosphorylation of beta-catenin and down-regulation of beta-catenin activity." [PMID:9601641] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0034755_3489_1 iron ion transmembrane transport "A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034765_3489_1 regulation of ion transmembrane transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034769_3489_1 basement membrane disassembly "The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion." [GOC:sart, PMID:17301221] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034770_3489_1 histone H4-K20 methylation "The modification of histone H4 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone." [GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0034771_3489_1 histone H4-K20 monomethylation "The modification of histone H4 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 20 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034772_3489_1 histone H4-K20 dimethylation "The modification of histone H4 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034773_3489_1 histone H4-K20 trimethylation "The modification of histone H4 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0034968_3489_1 histone lysine methylation "The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to a lysine residue." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034969_3489_1 histone arginine methylation "The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034970_3489_1 histone H3-R2 methylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034976_3489_1 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0034986_2084_1 iron chaperone activity "Assists in the delivery of iron ions to target proteins or compartments." [GOC:vk] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035001_3489_1 dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system "Growth of epithelial tubes that originate from pits in an open tracheal system and grow towards each other to meet and form a continuous open tube called the dorsal trunk. The dorsal trunk extends from the anterior spiracle to the posterior spiracle of the larva and forms the main airway of the insect tracheal system." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035002_3489_1 liquid clearance, open tracheal system "The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12571352] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035003_726_1 subapical complex "The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells." [PMID:11752566, PMID:12500938] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035004_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to phosphatidylinositol or one of its phosphorylated derivatives at the 3' position of the inositol ring." [GOC:bf, PMID:10209156, PMID:9255069] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035005_2084_1 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.154, RHEA:18376] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035006_3489_1 melanization defense response "The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin." [GOC:bf, PMID:12408809] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035007_3489_1 regulation of melanization defense response "Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035008_3489_1 positive regulation of melanization defense response "Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035009_3489_1 negative regulation of melanization defense response "Any process that reduces the rate or extent of the melanization defense response. This regulation is critical to limit melanization to the site of injury or infection." [GOC:bf, PMID:12408809] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035010_3489_1 encapsulation of foreign target "Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_15nov05, PMID:11846478, PMID:12225920] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035011_3489_1 melanotic encapsulation of foreign target "Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035012_726_1 polytene chromosome, telomeric region "The terminal region of a polytene chromosome." [GOC:bf] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035013_2084_1 myosuppressin receptor activity "Combining with the peptide myosuppressin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035014_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity "Modulates the activity of any of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates." [GOC:bf, PMID:9255069] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035015_3489_1 elongation of arista core "The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions." [GOC:bf, PMID:11404081] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035017_3489_1 cuticle pattern formation "The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035018_3489_1 adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation "The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035019_3489_1 somatic stem cell maintenance "The process in which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035021_3489_1 negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035023_3489_1 regulation of Rho protein signal transduction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction." [GOC:bf] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035025_3489_1 positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035032_726_1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III "A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI)." [GOC:bf, PMID:9255069] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035035_2084_1 histone acetyltransferase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone acetyltransferase." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035038_3489_1 female pronucleus assembly "Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035039_3489_1 male pronucleus assembly "The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division." [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035041_3489_1 sperm chromatin decondensation "Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive sperm nucleus." [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035042_3489_1 fertilization, exchange of chromosomal proteins "Replacement of sperm-specific chromosomal proteins with somatic histones, to allow the paternal genome to acquire a nucleosomal chromatin organization compatible with nuclear activity." [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035044_3489_1 sperm aster formation "Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035045_3489_1 sperm plasma membrane disassembly "The gradual disintegration of the sperm plasma membrane following insemination. This process is seen in Drosophila after entry of the entire sperm, surrounded by its plasma membrane, into the egg." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035046_3489_1 pronuclear migration "The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion." [GOC:bf, PMID:9199363] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035048_3489_1 splicing factor protein import into nucleus "The directed movement of a pre-mRNA splicing factor from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane." [GOC:bf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035049_2084_1 juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035050_3489_1 embryonic heart tube development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035051_3489_1 cardiac cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035052_3489_1 dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment "The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12397110] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035053_3489_1 dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment "The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12397110] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035058_3489_1 nonmotile primary cilium assembly "The assembly of a primary cilium which contains a variable array of axonemal microtubules but does not contain molecular motors. Nonmotile primary cilia are found on many different cell types and function as sensory organelles that concentrate and organize sensory signaling molecules." [GOC:kmv, PMID:14521833, PMID:14521834] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035059_726_1 RCAF complex "A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4." [GOC:bf, PMID:10591219] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035060_726_1 brahma complex "A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brahma gene, or an ortholog thereof." [GOC:bf, PMID:10809665, PMID:12482982] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035062_726_1 omega speckle "A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs)." [GOC:bf, PMID:10984439] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035063_3489_1 nuclear speck organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized." [GOC:bf, GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035064_2084_1 methylated histone residue binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated residue on a histone protein. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes." [GOC:bf, PMID:14585615] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035065_3489_1 regulation of histone acetylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035066_3489_1 positive regulation of histone acetylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035067_3489_1 negative regulation of histone acetylation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035068_726_1 micro-ribonucleoprotein complex "A complex containing both protein and micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules. miRNAs are approximately 22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs derived from endogenous genes; they are processed from the stem of a longer hairpin like structure termed a pre-miRNA." [GOC:bf, PMID:14559182] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035069_3489_1 larval midgut histolysis "The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:9409683] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035070_3489_1 salivary gland histolysis "The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:9409683] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035071_3489_1 salivary gland cell autophagic cell death "The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis." [GOC:bf, PMID:10882130] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035072_3489_1 ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death "Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035073_3489_1 pupariation "The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238, PMID:9409683] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035074_3489_1 pupation "The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035075_3489_1 response to ecdysone "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035076_3489_1 ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035078_3489_1 induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone "Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035079_3489_1 polytene chromosome puffing "The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals." [GOC:bf, PMID:12543962] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035080_3489_1 heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing "The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus." [GOC:bf, PMID:12543962] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035081_3489_1 induction of programmed cell death by hormones "Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035082_3489_1 axoneme assembly "The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035083_3489_1 cilium axoneme assembly "The assembly of a the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0815316194] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035085_726_1 cilium axoneme "The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198547684] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035086_726_1 flagellar axoneme "The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of flagellar in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198547684] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035087_3489_1 siRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference "The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:14512631] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035088_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:10934483] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035089_3489_1 establishment of apical/basal cell polarity "The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035090_3489_1 maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity "Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035091_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11395417] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035092_3489_1 sperm chromatin condensation "The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication." [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035093_3489_1 spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins "The replacement of somatic histones within sperm chromatin with sperm-specific histones or protamines with unique DNA-binding properties, resulting in condensation of the sperm chromatin." [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035094_3489_1 response to nicotine "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus." [CHEBI:17688, GOC:bf, GOC:ef, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0582227089] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035095_3489_1 behavioral response to nicotine "Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035096_3489_1 larval midgut cell programmed cell death "The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035097_726_1 histone methyltransferase complex "A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins." [GOC:bf] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035098_726_1 ESC/E(Z) complex "A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4." [GOC:bf, GOC:sp, PMID:12408863, PMID:12408864, PMID:20064375] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035099_3489_1 hemocyte migration "The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12885551] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035100_2084_1 ecdysone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0582227089] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035101_726_1 FACT complex "An abundant nuclear complex, which was originally identified in mammalian systems as a factor required for transcription elongation on chromatin templates. The FACT complex has been shown to destablilize the interaction between the H2A/H2B dimer and the H3/H4 tetramer of the nucleosome, thus reorganizing the structure of the nucleosome. In this way, the FACT complex may play a role in DNA replication and other processes that traverse the chromatin, as well as in transcription elongation. FACT is composed of two proteins that are evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and homologous to mammalian Spt16 and SSRP1. In metazoans, the SSRP1 homolog contains an HMG domain; however in fungi and protists, it does not. For example, in S. cerevisiae the Pob3 protein is homologous to SSRP1, but lacks the HMG chromatin binding domain. Instead, the yFACT complex of Spt16p and Pob3p, binds to nucleosomes where multiple copies of the HMG-domain containing protein Nhp6p have already bound, but Nhp6p does not form a stable complex with the Spt16p/Pob3p heterodimer." [GOC:bf, GOC:expert_ks, GOC:expert_ras, GOC:expert_tf, GOC:krc, PMID:12934006, PMID:12934007, PMID:16678108] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035102_726_1 PRC1 complex "An insect multiprotein complex containing the products of many of the Polycomb Group genes including Polycomb, Posterior sex combs, polyhomeotic and Sex comb on midleg. The Polycomb Group proteins are required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and the PRC1 complex directly antagonizes ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays." [GOC:bf, PMID:10412979] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035103_3489_1 sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage "The proteolytic release of a transcriptionally active sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) from intracellular membranes, freeing it to move to the nucleus and upregulate transcription of target genes, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids." [GOC:bf, PMID:12923525] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035106_3489_1 operant conditioning "Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior." [PMID:14662373] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035107_3489_1 appendage morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch." [ISBN:0582227089] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035120_3489_1 post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis "The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch." [ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035121_3489_1 tail morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the tail are generated and organized. The tail is the hindmost part of some animals." [ISBN:0198612001] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035145_726_1 exon-exon junction complex "A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay." [PMID:11532962, PMID:11743026] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035147_3489_1 branch fusion, open tracheal system "Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14570584] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035149_3489_1 lumen formation, open tracheal system "Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035151_3489_1 regulation of tube size, open tracheal system "Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10887083, PMID:12930776, PMID:12973360] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035152_3489_1 regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system "Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14570584] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035153_3489_1 epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system "Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10684581, PMID:11063940] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035154_3489_1 terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system "The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10684581, PMID:11063940] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035155_3489_1 negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system "Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10684581] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035156_3489_1 fusion cell fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion." [PMID:11063940] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035157_3489_1 negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification "Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates." [PMID:10684581] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035158_3489_1 regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system "Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14570584] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035159_3489_1 regulation of tube length, open tracheal system "Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035160_3489_1 maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system "Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10694415, PMID:14681183] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035162_3489_1 embryonic hemopoiesis "The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo." [GOC:bf] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035163_3489_1 embryonic hemocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14602069] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035164_3489_1 embryonic plasmatocyte differentiation "The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte." [GOC:bf, PMID:11921077, PMID:8174791] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035165_3489_1 embryonic crystal cell differentiation "The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph." [GOC:bf, http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/gene/serpent3.htm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035167_3489_1 larval lymph gland hemopoiesis "The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12445385] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035168_3489_1 larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14602069] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035169_3489_1 lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte." [GOC:bf, PMID:11921077, PMID:8174791] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035170_3489_1 lymph gland crystal cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph." [GOC:bf, http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/gene/serpent3.htm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035171_3489_1 lamellocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes." [GOC:bf, PMID:14734104] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035172_3489_1 hemocyte proliferation "The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035174_2084_1 histone serine kinase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a serine residue of a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035175_2084_1 histone kinase activity (H3-S10 specific) "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-10 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3." [GOC:bf, PMID:15041176] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035176_3489_1 social behavior "Behavior that occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group." [PMID:12848939] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035177_3489_1 larval foraging behavior "The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food." [PMID:12848927] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035180_3489_1 larval wandering behavior "The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction." [PMID:12848927, PMID:12956960] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035182_726_1 female germline ring canal outer rim "An electron opaque backbone of the insect ovarian ring canal that is a part of or adjacent to the plasma membrane. The outer rim is established as the cleavage furrow is arrested, and contains F-actin, anillin, glycoproteins and at least one a protein with a high content of phosphorylated tyrosine residues." [PMID:12435357, PMID:7925006] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035183_726_1 female germline ring canal inner rim "A proteinaceous actin-rich layer of the insect ovarian ring canal that forms subcortically to the outer rim. The electron dense inner rim accumulates after the final mitotic division of each germline syncytia, and contains actin, a phosphotyrosine protein, and a number of cytoskeletal proteins." [PMID:10556087, PMID:7925006, PMID:9093858] TAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035184_2084_1 histone threonine kinase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a threonine residue of a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035185_3489_1 preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle "The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035186_3489_1 syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle "Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035187_3489_1 hatching behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell." [PMID:10436051] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035188_3489_1 hatching "The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure." [GOC:dgh, GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0198612001] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035189_726_1 Rb-E2F complex "A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression." [PMID:14616073] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035190_3489_1 syncytial nuclear migration "The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238, PMID:8314839] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035191_3489_1 nuclear axial expansion "The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex." [PMID:8314839] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035193_3489_1 larval central nervous system remodeling "Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:sensu, PMID:9647692] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035194_3489_1 posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA "Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger mRNA degradation or negatively regulate translation." [GOC:mah, PMID:15020054, PMID:15066275, PMID:15066283] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035195_3489_1 gene silencing by miRNA "Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression." [PMID:14744438, PMID:15066275, PMID:15066283] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035196_3489_1 production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA "Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15066275, PMID:15066283] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035197_2084_1 siRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme." [PMID:15066275, PMID:15066283] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035198_2084_1 miRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes." [PMID:15066283] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035199_3489_1 salt aversion "The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035202_3489_1 tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system "Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11063940, PMID:11992723, PMID:14570584] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035203_3489_1 regulation of lamellocyte differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes." [PMID:14734104] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035204_3489_1 negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes." [PMID:14734104] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035206_3489_1 regulation of hemocyte proliferation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035207_3489_1 negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035209_3489_1 pupal development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035210_3489_1 prepupal development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation." [GOC:mtg_sensu, http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/aimain/1adult.htm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035211_3489_1 spermathecum morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk." [PMID:12679097] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035212_3489_1 cell competition in a multicellular organism "Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells." [GOC:bf, PMID:1116643, PMID:15066286] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035214_3489_1 eye-antennal disc development "Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035215_3489_1 genital disc development "Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238, PMID:11494318] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035217_3489_1 labial disc development "Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035218_3489_1 leg disc development "Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035220_3489_1 wing disc development "Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035222_3489_1 wing disc pattern formation "The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035223_3489_1 leg disc pattern formation "The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035224_3489_1 genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium)." [PMID:11494318] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035225_3489_1 determination of genital disc primordium "Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two." [GOC:bf, PMID:11494318] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035226_2084_1 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase." [PMID:12954617] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035229_3489_1 positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate." [PMID:12954617] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035231_3489_1 cytoneme assembly "Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell." [PMID:10367889, PMID:10675901] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035232_3489_1 germ cell attraction "The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target." [PMID:12885551] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035233_3489_1 germ cell repulsion "The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue." [PMID:12885551] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035234_3489_1 germ cell programmed cell death "Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo." [PMID:12814944] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035235_3489_1 ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035236_2084_1 proctolin receptor activity "Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035237_2084_1 corazonin receptor activity "Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:bf] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035238_3489_1 vitamin A biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids." [PMID:11158606] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035239_3489_1 tube morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system." [GOC:bf, PMID:14624839] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035241_2084_1 protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue." [PMID:14705965, RESID:AA0069] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035242_2084_1 protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the same terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that was previously methylated, resulting in asymmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylated arginine residues." [PMID:14705965, RESID:AA0068, RESID:AA0069] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035243_2084_1 protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that is not already methylated, resulting in symmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyled arginine residues." [PMID:14705965, RESID:AA0067, RESID:AA0069] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035248_2084_1 alpha-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming an alpha-1,4 linkage." [PMID:15130086] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035249_3489_1 synaptic transmission, glutamatergic "The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate." [GOC:kmv] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035253_726_1 ciliary rootlet "A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm." [PMID:12427867] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035257_2084_1 nuclear hormone receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035258_2084_1 steroid hormone receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid hormone receptor." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035261_3489_1 external genitalia morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals." [http://www.ndif.org/Terms/genitalia.html] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035262_3489_1 gonad morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals." [ISBN:0198612001] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035263_3489_1 genital disc sexually dimorphic development "The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed." [PMID:11290302, PMID:11494318, PMID:11702781] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035264_3489_1 multicellular organism growth "The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth." [GOC:bf, GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035265_3489_1 organ growth "The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0471245208, ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035267_726_1 NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex "A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60)." [GOC:ecd, PMID:10966108, PMID:14966270] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035269_3489_1 protein O-linked mannosylation "The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage." [GOC:bf, PMID:9878797] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035271_3489_1 ring gland development "Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones." [GOC:bf, PMID:11223816, PMID:9584098] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035274_2084_1 diphenyl phthalate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4)." [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035275_2084_1 dibutyl phthalate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dibutyl phthalate, C(16)H(22)O(4)." [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035277_3489_1 spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system "The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10491268] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035279_3489_1 mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing by miRNA "The process in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically direct cleavage by base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung, PMID:14744438, PMID:15196554] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035280_3489_1 miRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by miRNA "The transfer of a microRNA (miRNA) strand from a miRNA:miRNA duplex onto the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC)." [PMID:14744438] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035282_3489_1 segmentation "The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis." [PMID:10611687, PMID:9706689] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035284_3489_1 brain segmentation "Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035287_3489_1 head segmentation "Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial)." [PMID:10477305, PMID:7915837] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035288_3489_1 anterior head segmentation "Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments." [PMID:15382136] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035289_3489_1 posterior head segmentation "Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains." [PMID:15382136] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035290_3489_1 trunk segmentation "Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8." [PMID:1360402] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035291_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment "The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437, PMID:10477305] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035292_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, trunk "The specification of the characteristic structures of trunk segments, following establishment of segment boundaries. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [PMID:1360402] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035293_3489_1 chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation "The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035294_3489_1 determination of wing disc primordium "Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035295_3489_1 tube development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts." [PMID:12526790] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035297_3489_1 regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter "Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells." [PMID:9286684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035298_3489_1 regulation of Malpighian tubule size "Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035299_2084_1 inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.158, RHEA:20316] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035301_726_1 Hedgehog signaling complex "A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila)." [PMID:10825151, PMID:15057936] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035302_2084_1 ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity "Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods." [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:15350618] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035304_3489_1 regulation of protein dephosphorylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein." [GOC:bf] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035307_3489_1 positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein." [GOC:bf] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035308_3489_1 negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation "Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein." [GOC:bf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035309_3489_1 wing and notum subfield formation "The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures." [PMID:10860999] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035310_3489_1 notum cell fate specification "The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment." [PMID:10860999] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035311_3489_1 wing cell fate specification "The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment." [PMID:10860999] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035312_2084_1 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule." [ISBN:0198547684] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035313_3489_1 wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells "The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis." [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035314_3489_1 scab formation "Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection." [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035316_3489_1 non-sensory hair organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11064425] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035317_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11064425, PMID:12540853] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035318_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth "Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11064425, PMID:8947551] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035320_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection "Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:8947551] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035321_3489_1 maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation "Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:15501220] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035323_726_1 male germline ring canal "An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a male cyst." [PMID:9635420] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035324_726_1 female germline ring canal "An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a female cyst." [PMID:9635420] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035327_726_1 transcriptionally active chromatin "The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are being actively transcribed." [GOC:sart, PMID:17965872] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035328_726_1 transcriptionally silent chromatin "The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are not being actively transcribed." [GOC:sart, PMID:17965872] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035329_3489_1 hippo signaling cascade "The series of molecular signals mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Hippo or one of its orthologs. In Drosophila, Hippo in complex with the scaffold protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) transcriptional activator. The core fly components hippo, sav, wts and mats are conserved in mammals as STK4/3 (MST1/2), SAV1/WW45, LATS1/2 and MOB1." [PMID:17318211, PMID:18328423] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035330_3489_1 regulation of hippo signaling cascade "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling." [GOC:bf] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035331_3489_1 negative regulation of hippo signaling cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035332_3489_1 positive regulation of hippo signaling cascade "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035335_3489_1 peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation "The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine." [GOC:bf] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035363_726_1 histone locus body "A nuclear body associated with the histone gene locus that is thought to contain all of the factors necessary for histone mRNA transcription and pre-mRNA processing. In Drosophila, U7 snRNP is located in the histone locus body rather than the distinct Cajal body." [GOC:sart, PMID:16533947, PMID:18927579, PMID:19620235] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035371_726_1 microtubule plus end "The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability." [GOC:bf, GOC:lb, PMID:12700769, PMID:16643273] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035385_3489_1 Roundabout signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:BHF, GOC:signaling] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035386_3489_1 regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway." [GOC:BHF] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035404_3489_1 histone-serine phosphorylation "The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a serine residue." [GOC:bf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035405_3489_1 histone-threonine phosphorylation "The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a threonine residue." [GOC:bf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035415_3489_1 regulation of mitotic prometaphase "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035418_3489_1 protein localization to synapse "Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035434_3489_1 copper ion transmembrane transport "The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:vw] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035435_3489_1 phosphate ion transmembrane transport "The directed movement of phosphate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:vw] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035517_726_1 PR-DUB complex "A multimeric protein complex that removes monoubiquitin from histone H2A. In Drosophila and mammals, the core of the complex is composed of Calypso/BAP1 and Asx/ASXL1, respectively." [PMID:20436459] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035518_3489_1 histone H2A monoubiquitination "The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group. Steady-state modification of histone H2A occurs at lysine 119 (H2A-K119) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms." [PMID:18206970] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035522_3489_1 monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination "The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein." [GOC:bf, PMID:18226187, PMID:20436459] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035556_3489_1 intracellular signal transduction "The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell." [GOC:signaling, ISBN:3527303782] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035561_3489_1 regulation of chromatin binding "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase." [GOC:bf, PMID:20404130] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0035567_3489_1 non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin." [GOC:signaling] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035568_3489_1 N-terminal peptidyl-proline methylation "The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins." [PMID:20668449, RESID:AA0419] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035593_3489_1 positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway by the directed movement of a Wnt protein within the extracellular region." [GOC:BHF, PMID:19906850] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035612_2084_1 AP-2 adaptor complex binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC)." [GOC:BHF, PMID:12221107, PMID:15728179, PMID:21097499] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035613_2084_1 RNA stem-loop binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop." [GOC:sart, PMID:16568238, PMID:20455544] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035614_2084_1 snRNA stem-loop binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop." [GOC:sart, PMID:16568238, PMID:20455544] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035617_3489_1 stress granule disassembly "The disaggregation of a stress granule into its constituent protein and RNA parts." [GOC:BHF, PMID:19825938] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035620_2084_1 ceramide transporter activity "Enables the directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid." [GOC:sart, PMID:14685229] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035621_3489_1 ER to Golgi ceramide transport "The directed movement of a ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid." [GOC:sart, PMID:14685229] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0035626_3489_1 juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of juvenile hormone to a receptor, and ending with regulation of cell state or activity." [GOC:bf, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035627_3489_1 ceramide transport "The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid." [GOC:bf, GOC:sart] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035633_3489_1 maintenance of blood-brain barrier "Preserving the permeability barrier between the blood and the brain in a stable functional or structural state. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier." [GOC:bf, GOC:sl, PMID:20080302] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035641_3489_1 locomotory exploration behavior "The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment." [GOC:sart, PMID:17151232] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035650_2084_1 AP-1 adaptor complex binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AP-1 adaptor complex. The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C)." [PMID:21097499] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035725_3489_1 sodium ion transmembrane transport "A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:vw] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035735_3489_1 intraflagellar transport involved in cilium morphogenesis "The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium morphogenesis." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035736_3489_1 cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis "The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis." [GOC:bf, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035755_2084_1 cardiolipin hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol) to form phosphatidic acid (PA)." [CHEBI:28494, GOC:sp, PMID:17028579, PMID:21397848] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035800_2084_1 ubiquitin-specific protease activator activity "Increases the activity of a ubiquitin-specific protease, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various forms of polymeric ubiquitin sequences." [GOC:sart, ISBN:0120793709] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0035805_726_1 egg coat "A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development." [PMID:16944418, PMID:17163408] ISM cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035826_3489_1 rubidium ion transport "The directed movement of rubidium ions (Rb+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [CHEBI:49847, GOC:yaf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035848_3489_1 oviduct morphogenesis "The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism." [GOC:yaf, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/oviduct] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0035869_726_1 ciliary transition zone "A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition." [GOC:kmv, PMID:21422230] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0035970_3489_1 peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation "The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine to form peptidyl-threonine." [GOC:bf] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035998_3489_1 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate." [CHEBI:18372, GOC:yaf, UniPathway:UPA00848] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0035999_3489_1 tetrahydrofolate interconversion "The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules." [GOC:yaf, PMID:1825999, UniPathway:UPA00193] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0036011_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation "Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036059_3489_1 nephrocyte diaphragm assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nephrocyte diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:sart, PMID:18971929] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036062_726_1 presynaptic periactive zone "A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development." [GOC:sart, PMID:10976048, PMID:18439406] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0036063_726_1 acroblast "A cone-shaped structure in the head of a spermatozoon, which is formed by the coalescence of Golgi fragments following the completion of meiosis. The acroblast is situated adjacent to the acrosomal vesicle." [GOC:sart, PMID:19934220] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0036064_726_1 cilium basal body "A membrane-tethered derivative of the centriole, and the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium. As well as anchoring the cilium, the basal body is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport." [PMID:21750193] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0036065_3489_1 fucosylation "The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule." [CHEBI:62688, GOC:sart, PMID:19948734] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0036066_3489_1 protein O-linked fucosylation "The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage." [GOC:sart, PMID:19948734] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036071_3489_1 N-glycan fucosylation "The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains." [CHEBI:59520, GOC:sart, PMID:19948734] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036078_3489_1 minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization "The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule." [GOC:sart, PMID:17452528] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036081_2084_1 extracellular ammonia-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:sart, PMID:19135896] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0036082_2084_1 extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated ion channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:sart, PMID:19135896] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0036084_3489_1 GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum lumen "The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:sart, PMID:3458237] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0036085_3489_1 GDP-fucose import into Golgi lumen "The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the Golgi lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:sart, PMID:3458237] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0036092_3489_1 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position." [CHEBI:26034, GOC:al, GOC:vw] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0036096_2084_1 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in pre-miRNA 3'-end processing "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming the mature 3' end of a miRNA from a pre-miRNA." [GOC:sart, PMID:22055292] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0036097_3489_1 pre-miRNA 3'-end processing "Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a miRNA from a pre-miRNA." [GOC:sart, PMID:22055292] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036098_3489_1 male germ-line stem cell maintenance "Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells in the male gonad from differentiating as another cell type." [GOC:sart, PMID:21752937] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036099_3489_1 female germ-line stem cell maintenance "Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells in the female gonad from differentiating as another cell type." [GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0036126_726_1 sperm flagellum "A microtubule-based flagellum that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid." [GOC:sart, PMID:8441407] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0036265_3489_1 RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation "The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0038001_3489_1 paracrine signaling "The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other." [GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, ISBN:3527303782] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0038004_3489_1 epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation "Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor." [GOC:signaling, PMID:11672524] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0038005_3489_1 peptide bond cleavage involved in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation "The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor, as part of protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. In Drosophila for example, in the Golgi apparatus of the signal producing cell, Spitz is cleaved within its transmembrane domain to release a functional soluble extracellular fragment." [GOC:signaling, PMID:11672524, PMID:11672525] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0038007_3489_1 netrin-activated signaling pathway "A series of molecular events initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance." [GOC:signaling, PMID:10399919, PMID:15960985, PMID:19785719, PMID:20108323] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0038032_3489_1 termination of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway "The signaling process in which G-protein coupled receptor signaling is brought to an end. For example, through the action of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that act to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G-alpha proteins, thereby terminating the transduced signal." [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0038056_3489_1 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway by negative regulation of BMP secretion "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of secretion of a member of the BMP family of proteins from the signaling cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:sart, PMID:21750037] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0038170_3489_1 somatostatin signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the peptide somatostatin (SST) binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR). The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling, PMID:18006219, Wikipedia:Somatostatin] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0040001_3489_1 establishment of mitotic spindle localization "The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0040003_3489_1 chitin-based cuticle development "Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040005_3489_1 chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium "Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040007_3489_1 growth "The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0040008_3489_1 regulation of growth "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development." [GOC:ems, GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0040009_3489_1 regulation of growth rate "Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040010_3489_1 positive regulation of growth rate "Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040011_3489_1 locomotion "Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040012_3489_1 regulation of locomotion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism." [GOC:ems] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040014_3489_1 regulation of multicellular organism growth "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0040015_3489_1 negative regulation of multicellular organism growth "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size." [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040016_3489_1 embryonic cleavage "The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg." [GOC:clt, ISBN:0070524300] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040018_3489_1 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040020_3489_1 regulation of meiosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes." [GOC:ems, GOC:ma] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040023_3489_1 establishment of nucleus localization "The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040027_3489_1 negative regulation of vulval development "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult." [GOC:ems, GOC:kmv] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0040029_3489_1 regulation of gene expression, epigenetic "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence." [PMID:10521337, PMID:11498582] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0040034_3489_1 regulation of development, heterochronic "Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached." [PMID:9442909] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0040037_3489_1 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0040040_3489_1 thermosensory behavior "Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature." [GOC:ems] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042023_3489_1 DNA endoreduplication "Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042026_3489_1 protein refolding "The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones." [GOC:mb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042043_2084_1 neurexin family protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with neurexins, synaptic cell surface proteins related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals." [GOC:curators, GOC:pr, PMID:18923512] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042044_3489_1 fluid transport "The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042045_3489_1 epithelial fluid transport "The directed movement of fluid across epithelia." [GOC:jl, PMID:11390830] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042048_3489_1 olfactory behavior "The actions or reactions of an organism in response to an odor." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042049_3489_1 cellular acyl-CoA homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acyl-CoA within a cell or between a cell and its external environment." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042051_3489_1 compound eye photoreceptor development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042052_3489_1 rhabdomere development "The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments." [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042053_3489_1 regulation of dopamine metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042054_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or lysine residue." [EC:2.1.1.43] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042058_3489_1 regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042059_3489_1 negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042060_3489_1 wound healing "The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury." [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042062_3489_1 long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction "Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:mtg_15jun06_goc\:pd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042063_3489_1 gliogenesis "The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia." [GOC:dgh, GOC:jid] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042065_3489_1 glial cell growth "Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042066_3489_1 perineurial glial growth "Glial cell growth that occurs in the perineurium, a cell layer that ensheaths projections of peripheral nerves, such as motor axons." [GOC:mah, PMID:11517334, PMID:18176560] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042067_3489_1 establishment of ommatidial planar polarity "The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042069_3489_1 regulation of catecholamine metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042070_3489_1 maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification "Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042071_2084_1 leucokinin receptor activity "Combining with a leucokinin, any of several octapeptide hormones found in insects, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:2716741] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042073_3489_1 intraflagellar transport "The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum, mediated by motor proteins." [GOC:kmv, PMID:17981739, PMID:18180368] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042078_3489_1 germ-line stem cell division "The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes." [GOC:jid, PMID:2279698] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042116_3489_1 macrophage activation "A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor." [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14506301] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042127_3489_1 regulation of cell proliferation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation." [GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042132_2084_1 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.11] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042135_3489_1 neurotransmitter catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell." [CHEBI:25512, GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042136_3489_1 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell." [CHEBI:25512, GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042138_3489_1 meiotic DNA double-strand break formation "The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination." [GOC:elh, GOC:jl, PMID:11529427] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042139_3489_1 early meiotic recombination nodule assembly "During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene." [GOC:jl, PMID:9334324] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042140_3489_1 late meiotic recombination nodule assembly "During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over." [GOC:jl, PMID:9334324] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042147_3489_1 retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi "The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport." [GOC:jl, PMID:10873832, PMID:16936697] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042162_2084_1 telomeric DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end." [GOC:jl, SO:0000624] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042166_2084_1 acetylcholine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042168_3489_1 heme metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0124325653] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042169_2084_1 SH2 domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class." [GOC:go_curators, Pfam:PF00017] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042171_2084_1 lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid." [PMID:16369050] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042176_3489_1 regulation of protein catabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042177_3489_1 negative regulation of protein catabolic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl, PMID:10207076] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042218_3489_1 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042220_3489_1 response to cocaine "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant." [CHEBI:27958, GOC:ef, GOC:jl] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042246_3489_1 tissue regeneration "The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042247_3489_1 establishment of planar polarity of follicular epithelium "Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a follicular epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042248_3489_1 maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium "The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042249_3489_1 establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium "Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042250_3489_1 maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium "The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042254_3489_1 ribosome biogenesis "A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042255_3489_1 ribosome assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits." [GOC:ma] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042256_3489_1 mature ribosome assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional ribosome." [GOC:ma] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042262_3489_1 DNA protection "Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042263_2084_1 neuropeptide F receptor activity "Combining with neuropeptide F, an invertebrate neuropeptide thought to play a role in neuroregulation, to initiate a change in cell activity. In many species, neuropeptide F is between 36 and 39 amino acid residues terminating in a phenylalaninamide residue." [GOC:ma] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042273_3489_1 ribosomal large subunit biogenesis "A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042274_3489_1 ribosomal small subunit biogenesis "A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042277_2084_1 peptide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with peptides, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042283_2084_1 dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol." [MetaCyc:RXN-5471, PMID:12480927] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042284_2084_1 sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity "Catalysis of the introduction of a trans double bond between C4 and C5 of the long chain base region of a sphingolipid. Sphingolipids are composed of a long chain base (LCB) amide-linked to a very long chain fatty acid." [PMID:12417141] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042301_2084_1 phosphate ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphate." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042302_2084_1 structural constituent of cuticle "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042304_3489_1 regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042305_3489_1 specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment "The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [ISBN:0878932437] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042306_3489_1 regulation of protein import into nucleus "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042308_3489_1 negative regulation of protein import into nucleus "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus." [GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042313_3489_1 protein kinase C deactivation "Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042318_3489_1 penicillin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042325_3489_1 regulation of phosphorylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule." [GOC:jl] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042326_3489_1 negative regulation of phosphorylation "Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule." [GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042327_3489_1 positive regulation of phosphorylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule." [GOC:jl] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042328_2084_1 heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate." [GOC:ma] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042331_3489_1 phototaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042332_3489_1 gravitaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity." [GOC:jid, GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042335_3489_1 cuticle development "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss." [ISBN:0192800825] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042350_3489_1 GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042351_3489_1 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271)." [EC:1.1.1.271, PMID:11030750] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042356_2084_1 GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed." [BRENDA:1.1.1.187, EC:1.1.1.187] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042381_3489_1 hemolymph coagulation "Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:10561606, PMID:11915949] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042383_726_1 sarcolemma "The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042384_3489_1 cilium assembly "The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole." [GOC:kmv, ISBN:0198506732] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042385_726_1 myosin III complex "A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain." [GOC:jl, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042386_3489_1 hemocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen." [CL:0000387, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:9550723] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042387_3489_1 plasmatocyte differentiation "The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response." [PMID:11921077, PMID:8174791] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042391_3489_1 regulation of membrane potential "Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042393_2084_1 histone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity." [GOC:jl] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042401_3489_1 cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042416_3489_1 dopamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042417_3489_1 dopamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042420_3489_1 dopamine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042423_3489_1 catecholamine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042426_3489_1 choline catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042427_3489_1 serotonin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042429_3489_1 serotonin catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042435_3489_1 indole-containing compound biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton." [CHEBI:24828, GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042438_3489_1 melanin biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom." [CHEBI:25179, GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042439_3489_1 ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it." [CHEBI:16000, GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042440_3489_1 pigment metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042441_3489_1 eye pigment metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042445_3489_1 hormone metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone." [CHEBI:24621, GOC:jl] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042450_3489_1 arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042461_3489_1 photoreceptor cell development "Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042462_3489_1 eye photoreceptor cell development "Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042463_3489_1 ocellus photoreceptor cell development "Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981, PMID:11542766] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042478_3489_1 regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042480_3489_1 negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042493_3489_1 response to drug "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042500_2084_1 aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within the plasma membrane." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042532_3489_1 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:11426647] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042542_3489_1 response to hydrogen peroxide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042555_726_1 MCM complex "A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication." [GOC:jl, PMID:11282021] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042562_2084_1 hormone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone." [CHEBI:24621, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042572_3489_1 retinol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A." [GOC:jl, http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/vitamins.html, PMID:1924551] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042574_3489_1 retinal metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A." [CHEBI:15035, GOC:curators, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042577_2084_1 lipid phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042578_2084_1 phosphoric ester hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042585_726_1 germinal vesicle "The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:19019837] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042586_2084_1 peptide deformylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide." [EC:3.5.1.88, GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042592_3489_1 homeostatic process "Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042593_3489_1 glucose homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042594_3489_1 response to starvation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042595_3489_1 behavioral response to starvation "Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042600_726_1 chorion "A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0721662544] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042623_2084_1 ATPase activity, coupled "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction directly drives some other reaction, for example ion transport across a membrane." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042625_2084_1 ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions "Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042626_2084_1 ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the active transport of a substance across a membrane." [EC:3.6.1.3, GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042628_3489_1 mating plug formation "The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males." [GOC:jl, http://www.wildcru.org/glossary/glossary.htm, http://www.wormatlas.org/glossaries/cglossary.htm, PMID:11267893] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042632_3489_1 cholesterol homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042645_726_1 mitochondrial nucleoid "The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined." [GOC:jl] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042654_2084_1 ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity "Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:ma] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042655_3489_1 activation of JNKKK activity "The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase kinase activity in response to phosphorylation by a member of the MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKK) family or another upstream kinase." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042656_2084_1 JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs)." [GOC:bf] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042659_3489_1 regulation of cell fate specification "Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042673_3489_1 regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification "Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a retinal cone cell." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042675_3489_1 compound eye cone cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042676_3489_1 compound eye cone cell fate commitment "The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type." [GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042683_3489_1 negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification "Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell." [GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042684_3489_1 cardioblast cell fate commitment "The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042685_3489_1 cardioblast cell fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042686_3489_1 regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification "Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042688_3489_1 crystal cell differentiation "The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph." [GOC:bf, http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/gene/serpent3.htm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042689_3489_1 regulation of crystal cell differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042690_3489_1 negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042691_3489_1 positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042692_3489_1 muscle cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell." [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042693_3489_1 muscle cell fate commitment "The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined." [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042694_3489_1 muscle cell fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042714_3489_1 dosage compensation complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes." [GOC:jl, PMID:11102361, PMID:12672493] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042719_726_1 mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex "Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane." [PMID:12581629] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042721_726_1 mitochondrial inner membrane protein insertion complex "A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates insertion of carrier proteins into the inner membrane." [PMID:12191765] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042732_3489_1 D-xylose metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042734_726_1 presynaptic membrane "A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042742_3489_1 defense response to bacterium "Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042743_3489_1 hydrogen peroxide metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA." [GOC:jl, http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042744_3489_1 hydrogen peroxide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042745_3489_1 circadian sleep/wake cycle "The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm." [GOC:jl, http://www.sleepquest.com] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042749_3489_1 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042752_3489_1 regulation of circadian rhythm "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042756_3489_1 drinking behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042761_3489_1 very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22." [CHEBI:27283, GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042765_726_1 GPI-anchor transamidase complex "An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxyl-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor." [GOC:jl, GOC:rb, PMID:12802054] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0042766_3489_1 nucleosome mobilization "The movement of nucleosomes along a DNA fragment." [PMID:12006495] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042767_2084_1 ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase activity "Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 22." [PMID:12177427] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042768_2084_1 ecdysteroid 2-hydroxylase activity "Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2." [PMID:12177427] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042770_3489_1 signal transduction in response to DNA damage "A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042771_3489_1 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis "A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the initiation of apoptosis (programmed cell death)." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042773_3489_1 ATP synthesis coupled electron transport "The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP." [ISBN:0716731363] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042776_3489_1 mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport "The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0716731363] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0042779_3489_1 tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage "Cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA; may involve endonucleolytic or exonucleolytic cleavage, or both." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042780_3489_1 tRNA 3'-end processing "The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042787_3489_1 protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "The process in which a ubiquitin group, or multiple groups, are covalently attached to the target protein, thereby initiating the degradation of that protein." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042789_3489_1 mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter "The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042795_3489_1 snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter "The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042796_3489_1 snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter "The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042797_3489_1 tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter "The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042799_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 20 of the histone H4 protein." [PMID:12086618] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042800_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein." [PMID:12086618] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042801_2084_1 polo kinase kinase activity "Catalysis of the addition of a phosphate group onto a serine or threonine residue in any member of the polo kinase class of proteins." [GOC:ma] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042802_2084_1 identical protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042803_2084_1 protein homodimerization activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042806_2084_1 fucose binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose." [CHEBI:33984, ISBN:0582227089] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042810_3489_1 pheromone metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042811_3489_1 pheromone biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042813_2084_1 Wnt-activated receptor activity "Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:go_curators] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042823_3489_1 pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6." [GOC:jl, http://www.mercksource.com/] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042826_2084_1 histone deacetylase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042832_3489_1 defense response to protozoan "Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042834_2084_1 peptidoglycan binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:14698226] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042940_3489_1 D-amino acid transport "The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:jl, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042943_2084_1 D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids." [GOC:jl, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0042953_3489_1 lipoprotein transport "The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042981_3489_1 regulation of apoptotic process "Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0042982_3489_1 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042987_3489_1 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0042992_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042993_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0042994_3489_1 cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor "The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0042995_726_1 cell projection "A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon." [GOC:jl, http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043005_726_1 neuron projection "A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite." [GOC:jl, http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043007_3489_1 maintenance of rDNA "Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats." [GOC:vw, PMID:14528010] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043014_2084_1 alpha-tubulin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043015_2084_1 gamma-tubulin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043021_2084_1 ribonucleoprotein complex binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, GOC:vk] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043022_2084_1 ribosome binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome." [GOC:go_curators] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043024_2084_1 ribosomal small subunit binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the small ribosomal subunit." [GOC:go_curators] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043025_726_1 neuronal cell body "The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections such as axons and dendrites." [GOC:go_curators] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043027_2084_1 cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:14744432, Wikipedia:Caspase] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043034_726_1 costamere "Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:6405378] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043035_2084_1 chromatin insulator sequence binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription." [GOC:jl, PMID:12783795] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043039_3489_1 tRNA aminoacylation "The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules." [GOC:ma, GOC:mah, MetaCyc:Aminoacyl-tRNAs] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043042_3489_1 amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase "Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor." [GOC:jl, PMID:9250661, PMID:9712910] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043044_3489_1 ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling "Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors." [GOC:jl, PMID:12042764] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043045_3489_1 DNA methylation involved in embryo development "The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12138111] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043052_3489_1 thermotaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature." [GOC:cab1, WB_REF:cgc467] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043059_3489_1 regulation of forward locomotion "Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043060_3489_1 meiotic metaphase I plate congression "The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I." [GOC:cab1, PMID:10809666] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043063_3489_1 intercellular bridge organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043065_3489_1 positive regulation of apoptotic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043066_3489_1 negative regulation of apoptotic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043067_3489_1 regulation of programmed cell death "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043068_3489_1 positive regulation of programmed cell death "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes." [GOC:jl] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0043069_3489_1 negative regulation of programmed cell death "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043083_726_1 synaptic cleft "The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released." [GOC:jl, http://synapses.mcg.edu/anatomy/chemical/synapse.stm] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043085_3489_1 positive regulation of catalytic activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme." [GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043086_3489_1 negative regulation of catalytic activity "Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme." [GOC:jl, GOC:tb] ISM biological_process Spf45 GO:0043087_3489_1 regulation of GTPase activity "Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043089_3489_1 positive regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of the GTPase Cdc42." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043095_3489_1 regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity "Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043103_3489_1 hypoxanthine salvage "Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043104_3489_1 positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043113_3489_1 receptor clustering "The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:pr, PMID:19747931, PMID:21453460] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043122_3489_1 regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade "Any process that modulates an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade." [GOC:jl, PMID:12773372] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043124_3489_1 negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043130_2084_1 ubiquitin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation." [GOC:ecd] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043138_2084_1 3'-5' DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043139_2084_1 5'-3' DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043140_2084_1 ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043141_2084_1 ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043143_3489_1 regulation of translation by machinery localization "Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043146_3489_1 spindle stabilization "Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of the spindle." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043147_3489_1 meiotic spindle stabilization "The cell cycle process in which spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of meiosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043148_3489_1 mitotic spindle stabilization "The cell cycle process in which spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of mitosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043150_3489_1 DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination "The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043152_3489_1 induction of bacterial agglutination "Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043153_3489_1 entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod "The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night)." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043154_3489_1 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043161_3489_1 proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043162_3489_1 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation." [GOC:jl, PMID:11511343] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043167_2084_1 ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ions, charged atoms or groups of atoms." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043169_2084_1 cation binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cations, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net positive charge." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043179_3489_1 rhythmic excitation "Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0195088433] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043186_726_1 P granule "A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes." [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, PMID:11262230] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043189_726_1 H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex "A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A." [GOC:mah, GOC:rb] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043190_726_1 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex "A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11421269, PMID:15111107] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043195_726_1 terminal button "Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it." [GOC:dph, GOC:nln] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043196_726_1 varicosity "Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters." [GOC:nln] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043197_726_1 dendritic spine "Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity." [GOC:nln] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043198_726_1 dendritic shaft "Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines." [GOC:nln] IBA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043204_726_1 perikaryon "The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043231_726_1 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC:go_curators] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043234_726_1 protein complex "Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules." [GOC:go_curators] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043248_3489_1 proteasome assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:10872471] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043277_3489_1 apoptotic cell clearance "The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte." [GOC:rk, PMID:14685684] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043280_3489_1 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043281_3489_1 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process "Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043292_726_1 contractile fiber "Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0815316194] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043295_2084_1 glutathione binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043296_726_1 apical junction complex "A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:kmv, PMID:12525486, PMID:15196556] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043297_3489_1 apical junction assembly "The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:10854689, PMID:14729475, PMID:15196556] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043334_2084_1 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine." [GOC:kd, PMID:9083048] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043388_3489_1 positive regulation of DNA binding "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043392_3489_1 negative regulation of DNA binding "Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043393_3489_1 regulation of protein binding "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043395_2084_1 heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043401_3489_1 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor." [PMID:12606724] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043406_3489_1 positive regulation of MAP kinase activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043407_3489_1 negative regulation of MAP kinase activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043408_3489_1 regulation of MAPK cascade "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043409_3489_1 negative regulation of MAPK cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043412_3489_1 macromolecule modification "The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043425_2084_1 bHLH transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways." [PMID:9144210] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043433_3489_1 negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043461_3489_1 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes." [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, http://www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043462_3489_1 regulation of ATPase activity "Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043484_3489_1 regulation of RNA splicing "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043486_3489_1 histone exchange "The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits." [GOC:jl, PMID:11735001, PMID:15066277] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043488_3489_1 regulation of mRNA stability "Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043491_3489_1 protein kinase B signaling cascade "A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0043492_2084_1 ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043498_2084_1 cell surface binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component on the surface of a cell." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043499_2084_1 eukaryotic cell surface binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component on the surface of a eukaryotic cell." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043507_3489_1 positive regulation of JUN kinase activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043508_3489_1 negative regulation of JUN kinase activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043518_3489_1 negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043523_3489_1 regulation of neuron apoptotic process "Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis in neurons." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043524_3489_1 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis in neurons." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043531_2084_1 ADP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043539_2084_1 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity "Increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase." [GOC:go_curators] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043545_3489_1 molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands." [ISSN:09498257] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043546_2084_1 molybdopterin cofactor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands." [ISSN:09498257] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043547_3489_1 positive regulation of GTPase activity "Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043548_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring." [PMID:10209156, PMID:9255069] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043551_3489_1 regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring." [GOC:bf] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043553_3489_1 negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043558_3489_1 regulation of translational initiation in response to stress "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress." [GOC:jl] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043559_2084_1 insulin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043560_2084_1 insulin receptor substrate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex." [PMID:12829233] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043564_726_1 Ku70:Ku80 complex "Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK." [PMID:12518983] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043565_2084_1 sequence-specific DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043567_3489_1 regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043568_3489_1 positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043570_3489_1 maintenance of DNA repeat elements "Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043620_3489_1 regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress "Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation)." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043621_2084_1 protein self-association "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide." [GOC:jl] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043625_726_1 delta DNA polymerase complex "A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:11205330, PMID:12403614] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043626_726_1 PCNA complex "A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation." [GOC:jl, PMID:12829735] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043630_3489_1 ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process "The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043631_3489_1 RNA polyadenylation "The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043647_3489_1 inositol phosphate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached." [CHEBI:24848, GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043652_3489_1 engulfment of apoptotic cell "The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte." [GOC:rk, PMID:15536015] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043666_3489_1 regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein." [GOC:jp, PMID:11724821] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043679_726_1 axon terminus "Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0043682_2084_1 copper-transporting ATPase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+ = ADP + phosphate + Cu2+, directly driving the transport of the copper ions across a membrane." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043695_3489_1 detection of pheromone "The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:mah] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043704_3489_1 photoreceptor cell fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043715_2084_1 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P." [MetaCyc:R82-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043716_2084_1 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene." [EC:3.1.3.77, IMG:01681, MetaCyc:R83-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043723_2084_1 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia." [MetaCyc:RXN-10058, PMID:11889103] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043754_2084_1 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine." [EC:2.3.1.168] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043874_2084_1 acireductone synthase activity "Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.77] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043914_2084_1 NADPH:sulfur oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+." [GOC:jl, PMID:17449625] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043958_2084_1 acryloyl-CoA reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + a reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein = propionyl-CoA + NAD+ + an oxidized electron-transfer flavoprotein." [GOC:jl, PMID:12603323] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043966_3489_1 histone H3 acetylation "The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043967_3489_1 histone H4 acetylation "The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043968_3489_1 histone H2A acetylation "The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043970_3489_1 histone H3-K9 acetylation "The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043971_3489_1 histone H3-K18 acetylation "The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043974_3489_1 histone H3-K27 acetylation "The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043982_3489_1 histone H4-K8 acetylation "The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043983_3489_1 histone H4-K12 acetylation "The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043984_3489_1 histone H4-K16 acetylation "The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone." [GOC:jl] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0043985_3489_1 histone H4-R3 methylation "The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0043987_3489_1 histone H3-S10 phosphorylation "The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0043992_2084_1 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9)." [EC:2.3.1.48] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043993_2084_1 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K18 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18)." [EC:2.3.1.48] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0043998_2084_1 H2A histone acetyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine." [EC:2.3.1.48] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044017_2084_1 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27)." [EC:2.3.1.48] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044020_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H4-R3 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H4." [EC:2.1.1.125, GOC:mah, PMID:17898714] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044026_3489_1 DNA hypermethylation "An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA." [GOC:jl, http://en.wiktionary.org/] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044058_3489_1 regulation of digestive system process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044060_3489_1 regulation of endocrine process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044070_3489_1 regulation of anion transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044130_3489_1 negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host "Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction." [GOC:jl, GOC:pamgo_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044154_3489_1 histone H3-K14 acetylation "The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone." [GOC:jl, GOC:lb, PMID:17194708] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044183_2084_1 protein binding involved in protein folding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) that contributes to the process of protein folding." [GOC:mtg_cambridge_2009] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044205_3489_1 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen." [GOC:ecd, GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044206_3489_1 UMP salvage "Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis." [GOC:ecd, PMID:15096496] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044208_3489_1 'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP)." [GOC:ecd, PMID:10888601] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044209_3489_1 AMP salvage "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis." [GOC:ecd, GOC:jl, PMID:8917457, PMID:9864350] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044210_3489_1 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components." [GOC:ecd, GOC:jl, PMID:11912132, PMID:18439916] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044211_3489_1 CTP salvage "Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis." [GOC:ecd, GOC:jl, PMID:10501935] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044212_2084_1 transcription regulatory region DNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors." [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, SO:0005836] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044214_726_1 fully spanning plasma membrane "Fully spanning both phospholipid bilayers of a plasma membrane." [GOC:ecd] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044237_3489_1 cellular metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044246_3489_1 regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044249_3489_1 cellular biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044255_3489_1 cellular lipid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044262_3489_1 cellular carbohydrate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044267_3489_1 cellular protein metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification." [GOC:jl] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044292_726_1 dendrite terminus "A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole." [GOC:jl, NIF_Subcellular:sao28175134] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044295_726_1 axonal growth cone "The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044297_726_1 cell body "The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections." [GOC:go_curators] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044324_3489_1 regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044325_2084_1 ion channel binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient." [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044332_3489_1 Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis." [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044341_3489_1 sodium-dependent phosphate transport "The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions." [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0044419_3489_1 interspecies interaction between organisms "Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species." [GOC:cc] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0044425_726_1 membrane part "Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044431_726_1 Golgi apparatus part "Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack." [GOC:jl] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044432_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum part "Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044444_726_1 cytoplasmic part "Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044448_726_1 cell cortex part "Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044456_726_1 synapse part "Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044459_726_1 plasma membrane part "Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [GOC:jl] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0044540_2084_1 L-cystine L-cysteine-lyase (deaminating) "Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O <=> pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide." [GOC:jl, RHEA:24930] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0044547_2084_1 DNA topoisomerase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA topoisomerase." [GOC:jl] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045002_3489_1 double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing "Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats." [PMID:11606529] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045003_3489_1 double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing "SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break." [PMID:10357855] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045010_3489_1 actin nucleation "The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament." [ISBN:0815316194] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045035_3489_1 sensory organ precursor cell division "The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron)." [GOC:mah, PMID:11171389, PMID:18295597] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045039_3489_1 protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane "The process comprising the import of proteins into the mitochondrion from outside the organelle and their insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The translocase of the outer membrane complex mediates the passage of these proteins across the outer membrane, after which they are guided by either of two inner membrane translocase complexes into their final destination in the inner membrane." [GOC:mcc, GOC:vw, PMID:18672008] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045055_3489_1 regulated secretory pathway "A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045071_3489_1 negative regulation of viral genome replication "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045087_3489_1 innate immune response "Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:ebc, GOC:mtg_15nov05, GOC:mtg_sensu] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045088_3489_1 regulation of innate immune response "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection." [GOC:ebc] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045089_3489_1 positive regulation of innate immune response "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection." [GOC:ebc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045116_3489_1 protein neddylation "Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein." [PMID:11698580] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045121_726_1 membrane raft "Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions." [PMID:16645198] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045128_3489_1 negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045132_3489_1 meiotic chromosome segregation "The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045134_2084_1 uridine-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate." [EC:3.6.1.6] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045143_3489_1 homologous chromosome segregation "The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0815316194] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045145_2084_1 single-stranded DNA specific 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of nucleotides (such as mononucleotides or dinucleotides) from a free 5' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule." [GOC:ai, GOC:elh, PMID:20086101] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045153_2084_1 electron transporter, transferring electrons within CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex activity "Enables the directed movement of electrons within the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0716731363] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045155_2084_1 electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity "Enables the directed movement of electrons from the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and the cytochrome c oxidase complex." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0716731363] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045159_2084_1 myosin II binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class II myosin, any member of the class of 'conventional' double-headed myosins that includes muscle myosin." [GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045165_3489_1 cell fate commitment "The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field." [ISBN:0716731185] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045167_3489_1 asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045168_3489_1 cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment "Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045169_726_1 fusome "A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle." [GOC:bf, PMID:12655376] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045170_726_1 spectrosome "A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome." [GOC:bf] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045171_726_1 intercellular bridge "A direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another. Germline intercellular bridges facilitate the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells during development. Intercellular bridges have also been found connecting somatic cells." [PMID:9635420] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045172_726_1 germline ring canal "Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:9635420, PMID:9655801] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045174_2084_1 glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide." [EC:1.8.5.1, RHEA:24427] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045175_3489_1 basal protein localization "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045176_3489_1 apical protein localization "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045177_726_1 apical part of cell "The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045178_726_1 basal part of cell "The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0185316194] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045179_726_1 apical cortex "The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell." [GOC:bf] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045180_726_1 basal cortex "The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell." [GOC:bf] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045181_2084_1 glutamate synthase activity, NADH or NADPH as acceptor "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.4.1.13, EC:1.4.1.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045182_2084_1 translation regulator activity "Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045184_3489_1 establishment of protein localization "The directed movement of a protein to a specific location." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045185_3489_1 maintenance of protein location "Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045186_3489_1 zonula adherens assembly "Assembly of the zonula adherens, a cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045187_3489_1 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045196_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:19375318, PMID:20066083] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045197_3489_1 establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity "Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045198_3489_1 establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity "The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045199_3489_1 maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity "The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045200_3489_1 establishment of neuroblast polarity "The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045201_3489_1 maintenance of neuroblast polarity "The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045202_726_1 synapse "The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045211_726_1 postsynaptic membrane "A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045213_3489_1 neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045214_3489_1 sarcomere organization "The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045216_3489_1 cell-cell junction organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045217_3489_1 cell-cell junction maintenance "The maintenance of junctions between cells." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045218_3489_1 zonula adherens maintenance "Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045239_726_1 tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex "Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle." [GOC:mah] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045244_726_1 succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming) "A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP." [EC:6.2.1.4, GOC:jl] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045252_726_1 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex "A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2)." [MetaCyc:CPLX66-42, PMID:10848975] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045254_726_1 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex "Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)." [ISBN:0716720094] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045261_726_1 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) "The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled." [GOC:mah, PMID:10838056] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045263_726_1 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) "All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins." [PMID:10838056] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045281_726_1 succinate dehydrogenase complex "A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones." [GOC:kd, InterPro:IPR000701] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045292_3489_1 mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome "The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript." [GOC:krc, http://calspace.ucsd.edu/origins/Glossary/C.htm, ISBN:0879695897] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045294_2084_1 alpha-catenin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of the catenin complex." [GOC:bf] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045296_2084_1 cadherin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045297_3489_1 post-mating behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism following mating." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045298_726_1 tubulin complex "A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly." [ISBN:0716731363] NAS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045313_3489_1 rhabdomere membrane biogenesis "A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane." [GOC:jl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045314_3489_1 regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045315_3489_1 positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045316_3489_1 negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045317_3489_1 equator specification "The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045329_3489_1 carnitine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045333_3489_1 cellular respiration "The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration)." [ISBN:0140513590, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045337_3489_1 farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate." [GOC:jl] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0045429_3489_1 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045433_3489_1 male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production "The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11092827] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045434_3489_1 negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating." [GOC:bf, PMID:11092827] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045448_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle, embryonic "The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045450_3489_1 bicoid mRNA localization "Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045451_3489_1 pole plasm oskar mRNA localization "Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045454_3489_1 cell redox homeostasis "Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045456_3489_1 ecdysteroid biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045463_3489_1 R8 cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium." [PMID:11880339] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045464_3489_1 R8 cell fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [PMID:11880339] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045465_3489_1 R8 cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor." [PMID:11880339] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045466_3489_1 R7 cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor." [PMID:11880339] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045467_3489_1 R7 cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium." [PMID:11880339] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045468_3489_1 regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye "Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11880339] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045470_3489_1 R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization "The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor." [PMID:11880339] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045471_3489_1 response to ethanol "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045472_3489_1 response to ether "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045475_3489_1 locomotor rhythm "The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045476_3489_1 nurse cell apoptotic process "The process in which a nurse cell undergoes apoptosis. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptosis." [CL:0000026, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:11973306] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045477_3489_1 regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptosis." [PMID:11973306] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045478_3489_1 fusome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045479_3489_1 vesicle targeting to fusome "The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome." [PMID:9046244] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045494_3489_1 photoreceptor cell maintenance "Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light." [CL:0000210, GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045495_726_1 pole plasm "Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo." [GOC:kmv, PMID:17113380] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0045496_3489_1 male analia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11494318] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045497_3489_1 female analia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11494318] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045498_3489_1 sex comb development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045500_3489_1 sevenless signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:10771085] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045502_2084_1 dynein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dynein, the multisubunit protein complex that is associated with microtubules." [GOC:bf] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045503_2084_1 dynein light chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of the dynein complex." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045505_2084_1 dynein intermediate chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intermediate chain of the dynein complex." [GOC:bf] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045544_2084_1 gibberellin 20-oxidase activity "Catalysis of the oxidation of C-20 gibberellins to form the corresponding C-19 lactones." [PMID:7604047] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045570_3489_1 regulation of imaginal disc growth "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045571_3489_1 negative regulation of imaginal disc growth "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045572_3489_1 positive regulation of imaginal disc growth "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045595_3489_1 regulation of cell differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045596_3489_1 negative regulation of cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045599_3489_1 negative regulation of fat cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045610_3489_1 regulation of hemocyte differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045611_3489_1 negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045664_3489_1 regulation of neuron differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045665_3489_1 negative regulation of neuron differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045676_3489_1 regulation of R7 cell differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045677_3489_1 negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045678_3489_1 positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045680_3489_1 negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045687_3489_1 positive regulation of glial cell differentiation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045705_3489_1 negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045727_3489_1 positive regulation of translation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045735_2084_1 nutrient reservoir activity "Functions in the storage of nutritious substrates." [GOC:ai] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0045736_3489_1 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045740_3489_1 positive regulation of DNA replication "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045741_3489_1 positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045742_3489_1 positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045743_3489_1 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045746_3489_1 negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045747_3489_1 positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045749_3489_1 negative regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045750_3489_1 positive regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045751_3489_1 negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045752_3489_1 positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045762_3489_1 positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045767_3489_1 regulation of anti-apoptosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045786_3489_1 negative regulation of cell cycle "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045787_3489_1 positive regulation of cell cycle "Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045792_3489_1 negative regulation of cell size "Any process that reduces cell size." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045793_3489_1 positive regulation of cell size "Any process that increases cell size." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045804_3489_1 negative regulation of eclosion "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045805_3489_1 positive regulation of eclosion "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045807_3489_1 positive regulation of endocytosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045814_3489_1 negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic "Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045822_3489_1 negative regulation of heart contraction "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045823_3489_1 positive regulation of heart contraction "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045824_3489_1 negative regulation of innate immune response "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045836_3489_1 positive regulation of meiosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045839_3489_1 negative regulation of mitosis "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045841_3489_1 negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045842_3489_1 positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045843_3489_1 negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045849_3489_1 negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045850_3489_1 positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045856_3489_1 positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045859_3489_1 regulation of protein kinase activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045860_3489_1 positive regulation of protein kinase activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045861_3489_1 negative regulation of proteolysis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein." [GOC:go_curators] ISM biological_process Spf45 GO:0045862_3489_1 positive regulation of proteolysis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045873_3489_1 negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045879_3489_1 negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling." [GOC:go_curators] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0045880_3489_1 positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045886_3489_1 negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045887_3489_1 positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045892_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045893_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045900_3489_1 negative regulation of translational elongation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045901_3489_1 positive regulation of translational elongation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045905_3489_1 positive regulation of translational termination "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045910_3489_1 negative regulation of DNA recombination "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045921_3489_1 positive regulation of exocytosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045924_3489_1 regulation of female receptivity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045926_3489_1 negative regulation of growth "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045927_3489_1 positive regulation of growth "Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045930_3489_1 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045931_3489_1 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045932_3489_1 negative regulation of muscle contraction "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045938_3489_1 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep "Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045944_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045947_3489_1 negative regulation of translational initiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045950_3489_1 negative regulation of mitotic recombination "Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:hjd] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0045956_3489_1 positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045963_3489_1 negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045968_3489_1 negative regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone." [GOC:go_curators] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0045980_3489_1 negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0045995_3489_1 regulation of embryonic development "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046008_3489_1 regulation of female receptivity, post-mating "Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046011_3489_1 regulation of oskar mRNA translation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex." [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12538512] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046012_3489_1 positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046030_2084_1 inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate." [GOC:bf] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046034_3489_1 ATP metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046058_3489_1 cAMP metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate)." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046068_3489_1 cGMP metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046080_3489_1 dUTP metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046098_3489_1 guanine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046103_3489_1 inosine biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs." [GOC:go_curators] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046154_3489_1 rhodopsin metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046164_3489_1 alcohol catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom." [CHEBI:30879, GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046167_3489_1 glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046168_3489_1 glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046294_3489_1 formaldehyde catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046328_3489_1 regulation of JNK cascade "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046329_3489_1 negative regulation of JNK cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046330_3489_1 positive regulation of JNK cascade "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046331_3489_1 lateral inhibition "Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells." [GOC:bf, GOC:kmv] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046332_2084_1 SMAD binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046334_3489_1 octopamine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species." [ISBN:0198506732] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046337_3489_1 phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes." [CHEBI:16038, GOC:curators, ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046339_3489_1 diacylglycerol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues. DAG is a normal intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl phospholipids and is released from them by phospholipase C activity. DAG from phosphatidyl inositol polyphosphates is important in signal transduction." [CHEBI:18035, GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046344_3489_1 ecdysteroid catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046425_3489_1 regulation of JAK-STAT cascade "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046426_3489_1 negative regulation of JAK-STAT cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046427_3489_1 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046439_3489_1 L-cysteine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid." [CHEBI:17561, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046470_3489_1 phosphatidylcholine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046473_3489_1 phosphatidic acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids." [ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046477_3489_1 glycosylceramide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group." [GOC:ai] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046487_3489_1 glyoxylate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046488_3489_1 phosphatidylinositol metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol." [CHEBI:28874, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046513_3489_1 ceramide biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046514_3489_1 ceramide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046523_2084_1 S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate." [EC:5.3.1.23, RHEA:19992] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046525_2084_1 xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein." [EC:2.4.1.133] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046527_2084_1 glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046528_3489_1 imaginal disc fusion "The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis." [PMID:11494317] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046529_3489_1 imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure "The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax." [http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/gene/fos4.htm] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046530_3489_1 photoreceptor cell differentiation "The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046532_3489_1 regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046533_3489_1 negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046534_3489_1 positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046536_726_1 dosage compensation complex "A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes." [GOC:kmv, GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0046552_3489_1 photoreceptor cell fate commitment "The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046570_2084_1 methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate = 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H(2)O." [EC:4.2.1.109, RHEA:15552] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046578_3489_1 regulation of Ras protein signal transduction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046579_3489_1 positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046580_3489_1 negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046594_3489_1 maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location "The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046595_3489_1 establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization "Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046599_3489_1 regulation of centriole replication "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046602_3489_1 regulation of mitotic centrosome separation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046604_3489_1 positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046620_3489_1 regulation of organ growth "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism." [GOC:bf, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046621_3489_1 negative regulation of organ growth "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism." [GOC:bf, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046622_3489_1 positive regulation of organ growth "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism." [GOC:bf, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046626_3489_1 regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046627_3489_1 negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling." [GOC:bf] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046628_3489_1 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046653_3489_1 tetrahydrofolate metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046654_3489_1 tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046658_726_1 anchored to plasma membrane "Tethered to the plasma membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group, that is embedded in the membrane. When used to describe a protein, indicates that the peptide sequence does not span the membrane." [GOC:mah] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0046660_3489_1 female sex differentiation "The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046661_3489_1 male sex differentiation "The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation." [GOC:bf] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046662_3489_1 regulation of oviposition "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046663_3489_1 dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure." [GOC:ai, PMID:12147138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046664_3489_1 dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change "The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo." [PMID:12147138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046665_3489_1 amnioserosa maintenance "Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046666_3489_1 retinal cell programmed cell death "Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina." [GOC:bf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046667_3489_1 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death "Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium." [PMID:12006672] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046668_3489_1 regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina." [GOC:ai, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046669_3489_1 regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046672_3489_1 positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046673_3489_1 negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046675_3489_1 induction of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death "A process that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death in the compound eye retina." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046676_3489_1 negative regulation of insulin secretion "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046680_3489_1 response to DDT "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals." [ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046681_3489_1 response to carbamate "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase." [ISBN:0721662544] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046682_3489_1 response to cyclodiene "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring." [ISBN:0877797099] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046683_3489_1 response to organophosphorus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors." [ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046684_3489_1 response to pyrethroid "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage." [ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046685_3489_1 response to arsenic-containing substance "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides." [GOC:hjd, ISBN:0721662544] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046686_3489_1 response to cadmium ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046688_3489_1 response to copper ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046689_3489_1 response to mercury ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046692_3489_1 sperm competition "Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females." [PMID:10885514] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046693_3489_1 sperm storage "The retention of sperm by a female following mating." [PMID:10885514] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046701_3489_1 insecticide catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046702_2084_1 galactoside 6-L-fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to a galactoside acceptor molecule, usually an N-glycan, to form an alpha(1,6)-fucosylated galactoside." [PMID:12413479] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046716_3489_1 muscle cell homeostasis "The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state." [GOC:mah, PMID:3091429, PMID:7781901] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046718_3489_1 viral entry into host cell "The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virion, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm." [GOC:jl, PMID:12142475] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046777_3489_1 protein autophosphorylation "The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046785_3489_1 microtubule polymerization "The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046789_2084_1 host cell surface receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor on the host cell surface." [GOC:ai, PMID:11511370] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046790_2084_1 virion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046822_3489_1 regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046826_3489_1 negative regulation of protein export from nucleus "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046834_3489_1 lipid phosphorylation "The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents." [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046835_3489_1 carbohydrate phosphorylation "The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046836_3489_1 glycolipid transport "The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046843_3489_1 dorsal appendage formation "Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046844_3489_1 micropyle formation "Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization." [ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046845_3489_1 branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system "Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10684581] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046847_3489_1 filopodium assembly "The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:16337369, PMID:18464790] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046854_3489_1 phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation "The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046855_3489_1 inositol phosphate dephosphorylation "The process of removing a phosphate group from any mono- or polyphosphorylated inositol." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046856_3489_1 phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation "The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046867_3489_1 carotenoid transport "The directed movement of carotenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046872_2084_1 metal ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046873_2084_1 metal ion transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046875_2084_1 ephrin receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046887_3489_1 positive regulation of hormone secretion "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046889_3489_1 positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046890_3489_1 regulation of lipid biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046899_2084_1 nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP." [EC:2.7.4.10] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046901_3489_1 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046902_3489_1 regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane." [GOC:bf] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046907_3489_1 intracellular transport "The directed movement of substances within a cell." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046912_2084_1 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer." [GOC:jl] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046914_2084_1 transition metal ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046920_2084_1 alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046921_2084_1 alpha-(1->6)-fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046922_2084_1 peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor." [EC:2.4.1.221] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046923_2084_1 ER retention sequence binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, a specific peptide sequence that ensures a protein is retained within the ER." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046928_3489_1 regulation of neurotransmitter secretion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:ai] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0046930_726_1 pore complex "Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0046933_2084_1 hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + phosphate = ATP + H2O, coupled with transport of H+ down a concentration gradient, by a rotational mechanism." [EC:3.6.3.14, TC:3.A.2.1.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046934_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+)." [EC:2.7.1.153, RHEA:21295] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046939_3489_1 nucleotide phosphorylation "The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046948_3489_1 hydroxylysine catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046949_3489_1 fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046952_3489_1 ketone body catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046956_3489_1 positive phototaxis "The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046957_3489_1 negative phototaxis "The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046958_3489_1 nonassociative learning "A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment." [ISBN:0582227089] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0046959_3489_1 habituation "A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented." [ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046960_3489_1 sensitization "An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched." [ISBN:0582227089] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0046961_2084_1 proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism." [EC:3.6.3.14] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046963_3489_1 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transport "The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0046964_2084_1 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046966_2084_1 thyroid hormone receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a thyroid hormone receptor." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046969_2084_1 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, RHEA:24551] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046970_2084_1 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein." [EC:3.5.1.17, EC:3.5.1.98, GOC:vw, RHEA:24551] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046972_2084_1 histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K16 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16). This reaction represents the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine at position 16 of histone H4." [EC:2.3.1.48] TAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046974_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein." [GOC:ai] IC molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046975_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 36 of the histone H3 protein." [GOC:ai] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046976_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 27). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 27 of the histone H3 protein." [GOC:ai] IC molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046981_2084_1 beta-1,4-mannosylglycolipid beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids." [GOC:bf, PMID:12130631, PMID:12130651] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046982_2084_1 protein heterodimerization activity "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer." [GOC:ai] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046983_2084_1 protein dimerization activity "The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046987_2084_1 N-acetyllactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-D-glucuronic acid to N-acetyllactosamine (galactosyl beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine)." [GOC:bf, PMID:12511570] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046988_2084_1 asioloorosomucoid beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to asioloorosomucoid." [GOC:bf, PMID:12511570] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0046989_2084_1 galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids." [GOC:bf, PMID:12511570] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047015_2084_1 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA = NADH + H+ + 2-methylaceto-acetyl-CoA." [EC:1.1.1.178, MetaCyc:1.1.1.178-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047022_2084_1 7-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + a 7-beta-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + a 7-oxosteroid." [EC:1.1.1.201, MetaCyc:1.1.1.201-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047035_2084_1 testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + testosterone = NADH + H+ + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione." [EC:1.1.1.239, MetaCyc:1.1.1.239-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047057_2084_1 vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol." [EC:1.1.4.1, MetaCyc:1.1.4.1-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047184_2084_1 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = phosphatidylcholine + CoA." [EC:2.3.1.23, MetaCyc:2.3.1.23-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047293_2084_1 4-hydroxybenzoate nonaprenyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: p-hydroxybenzoate + solanesyl pyrophosphate = nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate." [EC:2.5.1.39, MetaCyc:2.5.1.39-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047326_2084_1 inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP." [EC:2.7.1.140, MetaCyc:2.7.1.140-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047396_2084_1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate." [EC:4.6.1.14, MetaCyc:3.1.4.47-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047429_2084_1 nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a nucleoside triphosphate = diphosphate + a nucleotide." [EC:3.6.1.19, MetaCyc:3.6.1.19-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047444_2084_1 N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate = phosphate + N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate." [EC:2.5.1.57, MetaCyc:4.1.3.20-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047453_2084_1 ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ATP = ADP + 3 H(+) + NADH + phosphate." [EC:4.2.1.93, RHEA:19020] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047484_3489_1 regulation of response to osmotic stress "Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0047485_2084_1 protein N-terminus binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue." [ISBN:0198506732] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047496_3489_1 vesicle transport along microtubule "The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination." [GOC:ecd, GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0047497_3489_1 mitochondrion transport along microtubule "The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins." [GOC:ecd] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0047498_2084_1 calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction requires Ca2+." [EC:3.1.1.4] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047499_2084_1 calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+." [EC:3.1.1.4] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047555_2084_1 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate." [EC:3.1.4.35, MetaCyc:35-CYCLIC-GMP-PHOSPHODIESTERASE-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047617_2084_1 acyl-CoA hydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + a carboxylate." [EC:3.1.2.20, MetaCyc:ACYL-COA-HYDROLASE-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047710_2084_1 bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H(2)O = ADP + AMP + 2 H(+)." [EC:3.6.1.29, RHEA:13896] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047756_2084_1 chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate." [EC:2.8.2.5, MetaCyc:CHONDROITIN-4-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047800_2084_1 cysteamine dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O(2) = H(+) + hypotaurine." [EC:1.13.11.19, RHEA:14412] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047875_2084_1 ecdysone oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + O(2) = 3-dehydroecdysone + H(2)O(2)." [EC:1.1.3.16, RHEA:11799] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047915_2084_1 ganglioside galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine." [EC:2.4.1.62, MetaCyc:GANGLIOSIDE-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0047988_2084_1 hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate." [EC:1.1.99.24, MetaCyc:HYDROXYACID-OXOACID-TRANSHYDROGENASE-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048009_3489_1 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin-like growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:ceb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048010_3489_1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway "Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling, PR:000001971] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048013_3489_1 ephrin receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin." [GOC:ceb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048015_3489_1 phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling "A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives." [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048016_3489_1 inositol phosphate-mediated signaling "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via an inositol phosphate. Includes production of the inositol phosphate, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to poly-phosphorylated inositols, and include inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6)." [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11331907] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048018_2084_1 receptor agonist activity "Interacts with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased." [GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048019_2084_1 receptor antagonist activity "Interacts with receptors to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist." [GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048022_3489_1 negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048024_3489_1 regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism." [GOC:jid] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0048025_3489_1 negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism." [GOC:jid] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0048027_2084_1 mRNA 5'-UTR binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 5' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule." [GOC:jid] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048034_3489_1 heme O biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle." [GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048036_3489_1 central complex development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli." [PMID:12490252] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048037_2084_1 cofactor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048038_2084_1 quinone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048039_2084_1 ubiquinone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048041_3489_1 focal adhesion assembly "The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity." [GOC:jid, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048042_3489_1 regulation of post-mating oviposition "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11932766] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048047_3489_1 mating behavior, sex discrimination "The actions or reactions of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner." [GOC:jid, PMID:12486700] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048052_3489_1 R1/R6 cell differentiation "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048053_3489_1 R1/R6 development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048054_3489_1 R2/R5 cell differentiation "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048056_3489_1 R3/R4 cell differentiation "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048057_3489_1 R3/R4 development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048058_3489_1 compound eye corneal lens development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048060_3489_1 negative gravitaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048065_3489_1 male courtship behavior, veined wing extension "The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048066_3489_1 developmental pigmentation "The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell." [ISBN:0582227089] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048067_3489_1 cuticle pigmentation "Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048070_3489_1 regulation of developmental pigmentation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048071_3489_1 sex-specific pigmentation "Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex." [GOC:jid] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048072_3489_1 compound eye pigmentation "Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048076_3489_1 regulation of compound eye pigmentation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048078_3489_1 positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048081_3489_1 positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048082_3489_1 regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0048085_3489_1 adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation "Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048086_3489_1 negative regulation of developmental pigmentation "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048087_3489_1 positive regulation of developmental pigmentation "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048092_3489_1 negative regulation of male pigmentation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males." [GOC:jid] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048094_3489_1 male pigmentation "Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males." [GOC:jid] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048096_3489_1 chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription "Maintenance of transcription by remodelling of chromatin into an 'open configuration'. Once established, this regulation is mitotically stable and is maintained over many cell divisions. It is also heritable." [GOC:jid] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048098_3489_1 antennal joint development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048099_3489_1 anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc "Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment." [GOC:jid, PMID:10625531, PMID:9374402] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048100_3489_1 wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing." [GOC:jid, PMID:10625531] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048101_2084_1 calcium- and calmodulin-regulated 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate. The reaction is calmodulin and calcium-sensitive." [GOC:jid] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048102_3489_1 autophagic cell death "A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by macroautophagy, which is characterized by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material within autophagosomes for bulk degradation by lysosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation, massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and accumulation of (double-membraned) autophagic vacuoles, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells." [GOC:mah, PMID:18846107] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048103_3489_1 somatic stem cell division "The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048104_3489_1 establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation "Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048105_3489_1 establishment of body hair planar orientation "Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048106_3489_1 establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation "Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction." [FBbt:00004298, FBbt:00004408, GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048132_3489_1 female germ-line stem cell division "The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0048133_3489_1 male germ-line stem cell division "The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048134_3489_1 germ-line cyst formation "Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells derived from a single founder cell." [GOC:jid, PMID:10370240] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048135_3489_1 female germ-line cyst formation "Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells, in the female gonad, derived from a single founder cell. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048137_3489_1 spermatocyte division "The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce a cyst of haploid spermatids." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0879694238] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048139_3489_1 female germ-line cyst encapsulation "Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad." [GOC:jid, PMID:11591336] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048140_3489_1 male germ-line cyst encapsulation "Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad." [GOC:jid, PMID:11591336] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048142_3489_1 germarium-derived cystoblast division "The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast derived from the germarium to form a 16-cell cyst. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11131529] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048148_3489_1 behavioral response to cocaine "Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048149_3489_1 behavioral response to ethanol "Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048150_3489_1 behavioral response to ether "Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus." [GOC:jid] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048167_3489_1 regulation of synaptic plasticity "A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, http://www.mercksource.com, PMID:11891290] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048169_3489_1 regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity "A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers." [GOC:jid, http://www.mercksource.com, PMID:11891290] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048172_3489_1 regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity "A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity." [GOC:jid, http://www.mercksource.com, PMID:11891290] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048179_726_1 activin receptor complex "A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed." [PMID:8307945, PMID:8622651] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0048185_2084_1 activin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits." [GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048188_726_1 Set1C/COMPASS complex "A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30." [PMID:11687631, PMID:11742990, PMID:11805083, PMID:12488447, PMID:18508253, PMID:18838538] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0048190_3489_1 wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing." [GOC:jid] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0048193_3489_1 Golgi vesicle transport "The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048194_3489_1 Golgi vesicle budding "The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048208_3489_1 COPII vesicle coating "The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048210_3489_1 Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane "The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048215_3489_1 positive regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane." [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048232_3489_1 male gamete generation "Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048250_3489_1 mitochondrial iron ion transport "The directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a mitochondrion." [GOC:jid, PMID:12006577] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048252_3489_1 lauric acid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources." [CHEBI:30805, GOC:jid] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048256_2084_1 flap endonuclease activity "Catalysis of the cleavage of a flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis." [GOC:jid] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048260_3489_1 positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048261_3489_1 negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048262_3489_1 determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry "Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048264_3489_1 determination of ventral identity "The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048266_3489_1 behavioral response to pain "Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048268_3489_1 clathrin coat assembly "The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage." [GOC:jid, PMID:11460887, PMID:11977118, PMID:9531549] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048278_3489_1 vesicle docking "The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere." [GOC:ai, GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048280_3489_1 vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus "The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi." [GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048306_2084_1 calcium-dependent protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of calcium." [GOC:jid, PMID:10485905] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048311_3489_1 mitochondrion distribution "Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048312_3489_1 intracellular distribution of mitochondria "Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048332_3489_1 mesoderm morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048384_3489_1 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:dgh] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048388_3489_1 endosomal lumen acidification "Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048471_726_1 perinuclear region of cytoplasm "Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus." [GOC:jid] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0048477_3489_1 oogenesis "The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:kmv, GOC:mtg_sensu] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048478_3489_1 replication fork protection "Any process that prevents the collapse of stalled replication forks." [GOC:vw, PMID:14560029] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048484_3489_1 enteric nervous system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation." [FMA:66070, GOC:jid, GOC:sr] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048485_3489_1 sympathetic nervous system development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter." [FMA:9906, GOC:jid, GOC:sr] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048487_2084_1 beta-tubulin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin." [GOC:krc] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048488_3489_1 synaptic vesicle endocytosis "An endocytosis process that results in the invagination of the axonal plasma membrane to create a membrane-bounded vesicle. This process takes up excess membrane that would otherwise accumulate at the presynaptic terminal due to fusion of vesicle membranes during neurotransmitter release. The vesicles created may subsequently be used for neurotransmitter storage and release." [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg, GOC:mah] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048489_3489_1 synaptic vesicle transport "The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron along the cytoskeleton either toward or away from the neuronal cell body." [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048490_3489_1 anterograde synaptic vesicle transport "The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, away from the neuronal cell body." [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048491_3489_1 retrograde synaptic vesicle transport "The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, toward the neuronal cell body." [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048495_2084_1 Roundabout binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Roundabout (ROBO) receptor, a transmembrane receptor." [GOC:ecd, PMID:10102268, PMID:10197527] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048499_3489_1 synaptic vesicle membrane organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:10620806] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048500_726_1 signal recognition particle "A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes." [GOC:mlg] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0048505_3489_1 regulation of timing of cell differentiation "The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048511_3489_1 rhythmic process "Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism." [GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048512_3489_1 circadian behavior "The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048513_3489_1 organ development "Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048515_3489_1 spermatid differentiation "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048526_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived wing expansion "The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing." [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048531_2084_1 beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage." [PMID:11551958] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048542_3489_1 lymph gland development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages." [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048546_3489_1 digestive tract morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, PMID:12618131] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048565_3489_1 digestive tract development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048566_3489_1 embryonic digestive tract development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048567_3489_1 ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048589_3489_1 developmental growth "The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048592_3489_1 eye morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048598_3489_1 embryonic morphogenesis "The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048599_3489_1 oocyte development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048601_3489_1 oocyte morphogenesis "The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048617_3489_1 embryonic foregut morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase." [GOC:jid, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048619_3489_1 embryonic hindgut morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase." [GOC:jid, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048635_3489_1 negative regulation of muscle organ development "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048636_3489_1 positive regulation of muscle organ development "Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048639_3489_1 positive regulation of developmental growth "Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048644_3489_1 muscle organ morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048663_3489_1 neuron fate commitment "The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron." [GOC:dph] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048665_3489_1 neuron fate specification "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048666_3489_1 neuron development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048667_3489_1 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation "The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048674_3489_1 collateral sprouting of injured axon "The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048675_3489_1 axon extension "Long distance growth of a single process." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048676_3489_1 axon extension involved in development "Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048678_3489_1 response to axon injury "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048699_3489_1 generation of neurons "The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons." [GOC:nln] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048728_3489_1 proboscis development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048730_3489_1 epidermis morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species." [GOC:jid, UBERON:0001003] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048734_3489_1 proboscis morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head." [GOC:jid, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048735_3489_1 haltere morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized." [GOC:jid, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048737_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived appendage development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048738_3489_1 cardiac muscle tissue development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048741_3489_1 skeletal muscle fiber development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast." [GOC:dph, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, GOC:lm, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048747_3489_1 muscle fiber development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048749_3489_1 compound eye development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye." [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, Wikipedia:Eye] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048750_3489_1 compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048754_3489_1 branching morphogenesis of a tube "The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048763_2084_1 calcium-induced calcium release activity "Release of calcium ions from an intracellular vesicle on induction by increased calcium concentration." [GOC:jid, GOC:nln, PMID:2990997, PMID:8381210, PMID:8653752] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0048786_726_1 presynaptic active zone "A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, synaptic vesicles, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix." [GOC:dh, GOC:dl, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, PMID:3152289] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0048788_726_1 presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones "The specialized cytoskeletal matrix assembled at the active zones of the presynaptic nerve terminal. The cytoskeletal matrix is a proteinaceous structure involved in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. The cytomatrix protein exclusively assembled at active zones, is thought to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites." [GOC:dh, GOC:dl, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, PMID:10944438] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0048789_3489_1 cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone "The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane." [GOC:dh, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, PMID:12812759] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048790_3489_1 maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure "The process in which a neuronal cell maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and dock of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048791_3489_1 calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter "The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is dependent on the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell." [GOC:curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048800_3489_1 antennal morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048801_3489_1 antennal joint morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048802_3489_1 notum morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048803_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc." [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048804_3489_1 imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc." [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048806_3489_1 genitalia development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048808_3489_1 male genitalia morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized." [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048812_3489_1 neuron projection morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048813_3489_1 dendrite morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048814_3489_1 regulation of dendrite morphogenesis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048816_3489_1 ocellus morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects." [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/.bin/cvreport2?id=FBcv0004540] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048841_3489_1 regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance." [GOC:devbiol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048846_3489_1 axon extension involved in axon guidance "The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues." [GOC:ef, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048854_3489_1 brain morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.)." [GOC:dgh, GOC:jid] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048863_3489_1 stem cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048864_3489_1 stem cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate." [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0048865_3489_1 stem cell fate commitment "The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell." [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048870_3489_1 cell motility "Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mlg] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0048935_3489_1 peripheral nervous system neuron development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0048937_3489_1 lateral line nerve glial cell development "The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell." [GOC:dgh] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050062_2084_1 long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + NADPH." [EC:1.2.1.50, MetaCyc:LONG-CHAIN-FATTY-ACYL-COA-REDUCTASE-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050072_2084_1 m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho-5'-polynucleotide + H2O = 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate + polynucleotide." [EC:3.6.1.30, MetaCyc:M7G5PPPN-PYROPHOSPHATASE-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050113_2084_1 inositol oxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O(2) = D-glucuronate + H(2)O + H(+)." [EC:1.13.99.1, RHEA:23699] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050253_2084_1 retinyl-palmitate esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: retinyl palmitate + H2O = retinol + palmitate + H+." [MetaCyc:RETINYL-PALMITATE-ESTERASE-RXN, RHEA:21511] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050254_2084_1 rhodopsin kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin." [EC:2.7.11.14, MetaCyc:RHODOPSIN-KINASE-RXN] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050290_2084_1 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D activity "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide 1-phosphate + choline + H(+)." [EC:3.1.4.41, RHEA:20987] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050321_2084_1 tau-protein kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein." [EC:2.7.11.26, MetaCyc:TAU-PROTEIN-KINASE-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050327_2084_1 testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH." [EC:1.1.1.63, MetaCyc:TESTOSTERONE-17-BETA-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050353_2084_1 trimethyllysine dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + CO(2) + succinate." [EC:1.14.11.8, RHEA:14184] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050431_2084_1 transforming growth factor beta binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types." [ISBN:0198506732] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050435_3489_1 beta-amyloid metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP)." [GOC:ai] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050488_2084_1 ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ecdysteroid = UDP + glucosyl-ecdysteroid." [GOC:ai, PMID:10073711] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050508_2084_1 glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP." [EC:2.4.1.224, MetaCyc:2.4.1.224-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050509_2084_1 N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP." [EC:2.4.1.225, MetaCyc:2.4.1.225-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050524_2084_1 coenzyme-B sulfoethylthiotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + methyl-coenzyme M = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + methane. Methyl-CoM is also known as 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate, coenzyme B as N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)threonine 3-O-phosphate, and coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide as CoM-S-S-CoB." [EC:2.8.4.1, RHEA:12535] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050567_2084_1 glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) + ATP = L-glutamate + glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln) + phosphate + ADP." [EC:6.3.5.7, MetaCyc:6.3.5.7-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050577_2084_1 GDP-L-fucose synthase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + NAD+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.271, MetaCyc:1.1.1.271-RXN] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050650_3489_1 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050658_3489_1 RNA transport "The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050660_2084_1 flavin adenine dinucleotide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2." [CHEBI:24040, GOC:ai, GOC:imk, ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050661_2084_1 NADP binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050662_2084_1 coenzyme binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coenzyme, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed." [ISBN:0198506732] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050678_3489_1 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050680_3489_1 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050688_3489_1 regulation of defense response to virus "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050699_2084_1 WW domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions." [PMID:14531730] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050700_2084_1 CARD domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CARD (N-terminal caspase recruitment) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that belongs to the death domain-fold superfamily. These protein molecule families are similar in structure with each consisting of six or seven anti-parallel alpha-helices that form highly specific homophilic interactions between signaling partners. CARD exists in the N-terminal prodomains of several caspases and in apoptosis-regulatory proteins and mediates the assembly of CARD-containing proteins that participate in activation or suppression of CARD carrying members of the caspase family." [PMID:12054670] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050708_3489_1 regulation of protein secretion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050709_3489_1 negative regulation of protein secretion "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050714_3489_1 positive regulation of protein secretion "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050730_3489_1 regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050732_3489_1 negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050750_2084_1 low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050764_3489_1 regulation of phagocytosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050767_3489_1 regulation of neurogenesis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050768_3489_1 negative regulation of neurogenesis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050770_3489_1 regulation of axonogenesis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050771_3489_1 negative regulation of axonogenesis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050773_3489_1 regulation of dendrite development "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050774_3489_1 negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050775_3489_1 positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050776_3489_1 regulation of immune response "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050777_3489_1 negative regulation of immune response "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050790_3489_1 regulation of catalytic activity "Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050793_3489_1 regulation of developmental process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult)." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050795_3489_1 regulation of behavior "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050797_2084_1 thymidylate synthase (FAD) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP + FADH(2) = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + FAD + H(+) + thymidylate." [EC:2.1.1.148, RHEA:12247] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050802_3489_1 circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep "The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050803_3489_1 regulation of synapse structure and activity "Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell)." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050804_3489_1 regulation of synaptic transmission "Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050805_3489_1 negative regulation of synaptic transmission "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050807_3489_1 regulation of synapse organization "Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell)." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0050808_3489_1 synapse organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell)." [GOC:ai, GOC:pr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050809_2084_1 diazepam binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium." [ISBN:0198506732] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050821_3489_1 protein stabilization "Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050829_3489_1 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium "Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050830_3489_1 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium "Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism." [GOC:ai] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050832_3489_1 defense response to fungus "Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050833_2084_1 pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050839_2084_1 cell adhesion molecule binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050840_2084_1 extracellular matrix binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a component of the extracellular matrix." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050848_3489_1 regulation of calcium-mediated signaling "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050877_3489_1 neurological system process "A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_cardio] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050896_3489_1 response to stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050897_2084_1 cobalt ion binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cobalt (Co) ion." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0050905_3489_1 neuromuscular process "Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050906_3489_1 detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception "The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050907_3489_1 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception "The series of events in which a sensory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050908_3489_1 detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception "The series of events involved in visual perception in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:0050909_3489_1 sensory perception of taste "The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai, http://www.onelook.com/] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050910_3489_1 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound "The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration. The vibration is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050911_3489_1 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell "The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050912_3489_1 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste "The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050913_3489_1 sensory perception of bitter taste "The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050914_3489_1 sensory perception of salty taste "The series of events required to receive a salty taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050916_3489_1 sensory perception of sweet taste "The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050918_3489_1 positive chemotaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, GOC:isa_complete] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0050919_3489_1 negative chemotaxis "The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, GOC:isa_complete] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050929_3489_1 induction of negative chemotaxis "Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050931_3489_1 pigment cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte." [GOC:dgh] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050941_3489_1 negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050954_3489_1 sensory perception of mechanical stimulus "The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process." [GOC:ai] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050958_3489_1 magnetoreception "The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light." [GOC:ai, PMID:15886990, Wikipedia:Magnetoception] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050960_3489_1 detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception "The series of events v thermoception in which a sensory temperature stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050962_3489_1 detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception "The series of events in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050965_3489_1 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain "The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory temperature stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050966_3489_1 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain "The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050974_3489_1 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception "The series of events in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050980_3489_1 detection of light stimulus involved in magnetoreception "The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Downstream processing of the light information in addition to other sensory data allows organisms to perceive the orientation of a magnetic field." [GOC:ai, PMID:15886990, Wikipedia:Magnetoception] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0050983_3489_1 deoxyhypusine biosynthetic process from spermidine "The chemical reactions resulting in the formation of deoxyhypusine from spermidine by the enzyme [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase. The reaction occurs in four steps: 1. spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH + H+; 2. dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = 1,3-diaminopropane + [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 3. [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 = [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 4. [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 + NADH + H+ = [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+." [MetaCyc:1.1.1.249-RXN] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0050995_3489_1 negative regulation of lipid catabolic process "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051001_3489_1 negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity "Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051010_2084_1 microtubule plus-end binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the plus end of a microtubule." [GOC:ai, PMID:14557818, PMID:14614826] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051011_2084_1 microtubule minus-end binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the minus end of a microtubule." [GOC:ai, PMID:14557818, PMID:14614826] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051013_3489_1 microtubule severing "The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments." [GOC:ai, PMID:14657234] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051015_2084_1 actin filament binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits." [ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051016_3489_1 barbed-end actin filament capping "The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits." [ISBN:071673706X] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051017_3489_1 actin filament bundle assembly "The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051018_2084_1 protein kinase A binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any subunit of protein kinase A." [GOC:ai] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051020_2084_1 GTPase binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051028_3489_1 mRNA transport "The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051036_3489_1 regulation of endosome size "Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051038_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription during meiosis "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051039_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription during meiosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051049_3489_1 regulation of transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051056_3489_1 regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051067_3489_1 dihydropteridine metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4." [CHEBI:30156, GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051078_3489_1 meiotic nuclear envelope disassembly "The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs." [GOC:bf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051082_2084_1 unfolded protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unfolded protein." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051085_3489_1 chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor "The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release." [GOC:rb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051087_2084_1 chaperone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport." [http://www.onelook.com] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051090_3489_1 regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051091_3489_1 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051092_3489_1 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15087454, PMID:15170030] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051101_3489_1 regulation of DNA binding "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051103_3489_1 DNA ligation involved in DNA repair "The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051119_2084_1 sugar transmembrane transporter activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051123_3489_1 RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase." [GOC:txnOH, PMID:10882737, PMID:15020047] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051124_3489_1 synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction "The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates." [ISBN:0721662544] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051125_3489_1 regulation of actin nucleation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051168_3489_1 nuclear export "The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051177_3489_1 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion "The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051180_3489_1 vitamin transport "The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051205_3489_1 protein insertion into membrane "The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051208_3489_1 sequestering of calcium ion "The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051209_3489_1 release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol "The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment." [GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:mtg_lung, PMID:1814929] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051219_2084_1 phosphoprotein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated protein." [GOC:ai] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051223_3489_1 regulation of protein transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051225_3489_1 spindle assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart." [GOC:ai, GOC:expert_rg, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051231_3489_1 spindle elongation "The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051233_726_1 spindle midzone "The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap." [GOC:ai, PMID:15296749] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0051236_3489_1 establishment of RNA localization "The directed movement of RNA to a specific location." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051237_3489_1 maintenance of RNA location "Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051252_3489_1 regulation of RNA metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051257_3489_1 spindle midzone assembly involved in meiosis "The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, as a part of the process of meiosis." [GOC:ai, GOC:expert_rg, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051258_3489_1 protein polymerization "The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051259_3489_1 protein oligomerization "The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051260_3489_1 protein homooligomerization "The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051276_3489_1 chromosome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051282_3489_1 regulation of sequestering of calcium ion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051286_726_1 cell tip "The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0051287_2084_1 NAD binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051289_3489_1 protein homotetramerization "The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits." [GOC:go_curators] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051290_3489_1 protein heterotetramerization "The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical." [GOC:go_curators] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051294_3489_1 establishment of spindle orientation "Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051295_3489_1 establishment of meiotic spindle localization "The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051296_3489_1 establishment of meiotic spindle orientation "Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051297_3489_1 centrosome organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051298_3489_1 centrosome duplication "The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051299_3489_1 centrosome separation "The process in which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051301_3489_1 cell division "The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells." [GOC:go_curators] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051302_3489_1 regulation of cell division "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells." [GOC:go_curators] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051306_3489_1 mitotic sister chromatid separation "The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051308_3489_1 male meiosis chromosome separation "The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051310_3489_1 metaphase plate congression "The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051311_3489_1 meiotic metaphase plate congression "The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051315_3489_1 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation "The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during mitosis. During mitosis, the kinetochores of sister chromosomes are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs." [GOC:ai, GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051316_3489_1 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiotic chromosome segregation "The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex contributing to meiotic chromosome segregation." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051318_3489_1 G1 phase "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051321_3489_1 meiotic cell cycle "Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051322_3489_1 anaphase "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase, the third stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, http://www.onelook.com] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051324_3489_1 prophase "A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prophase, the first stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051332_3489_1 S phase of meiotic cell cycle "S phase occurring as part of the meiotic cell cycle. S phase is the part of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. A meiotic cell cycle is one in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051341_3489_1 regulation of oxidoreductase activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [EC:1.-.-.-, GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051349_3489_1 positive regulation of lyase activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051371_2084_1 muscle alpha-actinin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with muscle isoforms of actinin. Muscle alpha-actinin isoforms are found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and are localized to the Z-disc." [PMID:10984498, PMID:11699871, PMID:15014165] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051382_3489_1 kinetochore assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051383_3489_1 kinetochore organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051393_2084_1 alpha-actinin binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats." [PMID:10984498, PMID:11699871, PMID:15014165] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051402_3489_1 neuron apoptotic process "The process of apoptosis in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system." [CL:0000540, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, MeSH:A.08.663] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051403_3489_1 stress-activated MAPK cascade "A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase." [GOC:ai, PMID:15936270] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051425_2084_1 PTB domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of a protein." [Pfam:PF02174.5, PMID:15924411] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051438_3489_1 regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine." [EC:6.3.2.19, GOC:ai, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051445_3489_1 regulation of meiotic cell cycle "Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051450_3489_1 myoblast proliferation "The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers." [CL:0000056, GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_muscle] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051452_3489_1 intracellular pH reduction "Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051453_3489_1 regulation of intracellular pH "Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051457_3489_1 maintenance of protein location in nucleus "Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051480_3489_1 cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, GOC:rph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051482_3489_1 elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway "Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol that occurs as part of a PLC-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. G-protein-activated PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) to release diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 then binds to calcium release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to trigger calcium ion release into the cytosol." [GOC:ai, GOC:signaling] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051487_3489_1 activation of anaphase-promoting complex activity involved in meiotic cell cycle "Any process that initiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the meiotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:10871297] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051489_3489_1 regulation of filopodium assembly "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051490_3489_1 negative regulation of filopodium assembly "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051491_3489_1 positive regulation of filopodium assembly "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051493_3489_1 regulation of cytoskeleton organization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051533_3489_1 positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051536_2084_1 iron-sulfur cluster binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms." [GOC:ai] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051537_2084_1 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands." [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051538_2084_1 3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing." [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051539_2084_1 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands." [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051560_3489_1 mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings." [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051567_3489_1 histone H3-K9 methylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 9 of the histone." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051568_3489_1 histone H3-K4 methylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 4 of the histone." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051571_3489_1 positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051591_3489_1 response to cAMP "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus." [GOC:ai] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051594_3489_1 detection of glucose "The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051597_3489_1 response to methylmercury "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051598_3489_1 meiotic recombination checkpoint "A checkpoint that acts during late prophase I (pachytene) and prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed, ensuring proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes." [PMID:14718568] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0051603_3489_1 proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process "The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051607_3489_1 defense response to virus "Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051608_3489_1 histamine transport "The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051610_3489_1 serotonin uptake "The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051635_2084_1 bacterial cell surface binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component on the surface of a bacterial cell." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051636_2084_1 Gram-negative bacterial cell surface binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component on the surface of a Gram-negative bacterial cell." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051637_2084_1 Gram-positive bacterial cell surface binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component on the surface of a Gram-positive bacterium." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051642_3489_1 centrosome localization "Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051643_3489_1 endoplasmic reticulum localization "Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051646_3489_1 mitochondrion localization "Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051647_3489_1 nucleus localization "Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051654_3489_1 establishment of mitochondrion localization "The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051663_3489_1 oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification "The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051668_3489_1 localization within membrane "Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051683_3489_1 establishment of Golgi localization "The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051686_3489_1 establishment of ER localization "The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051693_3489_1 actin filament capping "The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits." [ISBN:071673706X] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051717_2084_1 inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate." [GOC:bf, MetaCyc:3.1.3.62-RXN] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051721_2084_1 protein phosphatase 2A binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2A." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051726_3489_1 regulation of cell cycle "Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051731_2084_1 polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA." [EC:2.7.1.78] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051754_3489_1 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric "The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis." [PMID:14730319, PMID:16325576] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051764_3489_1 actin crosslink formation "The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051775_3489_1 response to redox state "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important." [GOC:mah, PMID:15131240, PMID:16987039] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051781_3489_1 positive regulation of cell division "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051800_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate + phosphate." [GOC:bf, PMID:9811831] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051861_2084_1 glycolipid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate." [http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/glylp.html#2.1] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051864_2084_1 histone demethylase activity (H3-K36 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36) + alpha-ketoglutarate + O2 = succinate + CO2 + formaldehyde + lysine. This reaction is the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone H3 protein." [PMID:16362057] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051865_3489_1 protein autoubiquitination "The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051879_2084_1 Hsp90 protein binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051881_3489_1 regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential "Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051882_3489_1 mitochondrial depolarization "The process in which the membrane potential of the mitochondria changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, from negative to positive." [Wikipedia:Depolarization, Wikipedia:Mitochondrion] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0051890_3489_1 regulation of cardioblast differentiation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051895_3489_1 negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051898_3489_1 negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the protein kinase B signaling cascade, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B." [GOC:ai] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051903_2084_1 S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.1.1.284] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051908_2084_1 double-stranded DNA specific 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity "Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051920_2084_1 peroxiredoxin activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R'-SH + ROOH = R'-S-S-R' + H2O + ROH." [EC:1.11.1.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0051924_3489_1 regulation of calcium ion transport "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051928_3489_1 positive regulation of calcium ion transport "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051938_3489_1 L-glutamate import "The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051960_3489_1 regulation of nervous system development "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051963_3489_1 regulation of synapse assembly "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse." [GOC:ai, GOC:pr] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0051964_3489_1 negative regulation of synapse assembly "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse." [GOC:ai, GOC:pr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051965_3489_1 positive regulation of synapse assembly "Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse." [GOC:ai, GOC:pr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051966_3489_1 regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051968_3489_1 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic "Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0051983_3489_1 regulation of chromosome segregation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets." [GOC:ai] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0052590_2084_1 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a ubiquinone = glycerone phosphate + a ubiquinol." [MetaCyc:RXN0-5258] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052591_2084_1 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone-8 oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ubiquinone-8 = glycerone phosphate + ubiquinol-8." [MetaCyc:GLYC3PDEHYDROG-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052593_2084_1 tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + H2O + O2 = NH3 + indole acetaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-1401] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052594_2084_1 aminoacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: aminoacetone + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:AMACETOXID-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052595_2084_1 aliphatic-amine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:AMINEOXID-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052596_2084_1 phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phenylethylamine + O2 + H2O = phenylacetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:AMINEPHEN-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052597_2084_1 diamine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide." [MetaCyc:RXN-9599] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052598_2084_1 histamine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-9600] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052599_2084_1 methylputrescine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-8244] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052600_2084_1 propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-6381] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052632_2084_1 citrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O." [EC:4.2.1.3, GOC:pde, GOC:vw, MetaCyc:ACONITATEDEHYDR-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052633_2084_1 isocitrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate." [EC:4.2.1.3, GOC:pde, GOC:vw, MetaCyc:ACONITATEHYDR-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052654_2084_1 L-leucine transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid." [EC:2.6.1.42, MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERLEU-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052655_2084_1 L-valine transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid." [EC:2.6.1.42, MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERVAL-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052656_2084_1 L-isoleucine transaminase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid." [EC:2.6.1.42, MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERILEU-RXN] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052658_2084_1 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.56, RHEA:19800] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052659_2084_1 inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.56, RHEA:11395] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052690_2084_1 trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl." [UM-BBD_reactionID:r0031, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0315] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052692_2084_1 raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose." [MetaCyc:RXN-11502] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052716_2084_1 hydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O." [EC:1.10.3.2] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052722_2084_1 fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O." [MetaCyc:RXN-12186] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052723_2084_1 inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate." [GOC:jp, PMID:18981179] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052724_2084_1 inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate." [GOC:jp, PMID:18981179] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052739_2084_1 phosphatidylserine 1-acylhydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid." [KEGG:R04034] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052740_2084_1 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine acylhydrolase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate." [BRENDA:3.1.1.32] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052744_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate." [GOC:ai] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052832_2084_1 inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.25] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052833_2084_1 inositol monophosphate 4-phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.25] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052834_2084_1 inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.25] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052840_2084_1 inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate." [MetaCyc:RXN-10963, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052841_2084_1 inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate + phosphate." [MetaCyc:RXN-10965, MetaCyc:RXN-10975, MetaCyc:RXN-10976, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052842_2084_1 inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate." [MetaCyc:RXN-10964, MetaCyc:RXN-10977, MetaCyc:RXN-10978, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052843_2084_1 inositol-1-diphosphate-2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol 1-diphosphate 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10977, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052844_2084_1 inositol-3-diphosphate-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol 3-diphosphate 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10978, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052845_2084_1 inositol-5-diphosphate-1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: inositol 5-diphosphate 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10964, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052846_2084_1 inositol-1,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10965, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052847_2084_1 inositol-1,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10975, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052848_2084_1 inositol-3,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-diphosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10976, PMID:10827188, PMID:11502751] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052852_2084_1 very-long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain (S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = very-long-chain 2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide. Very long chain refers to a chain length of greater than 18 carbons." [EC:1.1.3.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052853_2084_1 long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-long-chain-acid oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = long-chain-2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide. Long chain refers to a chain length of 14 to 18 carbons." [EC:1.1.3.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052854_2084_1 medium-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: medium-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = medium-chain-2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide. Medium chain refers to a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons." [EC:1.1.3.15] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052866_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate." [GOC:ai] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052906_2084_1 tRNA (guanine(37)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine." [EC:2.1.1.228] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052909_2084_1 18S rRNA (adenine(1779)-N(6)/adenine(1780)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1779)/adenine(1780) in 18S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1779)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1780) in 18S rRNA." [EC:2.1.1.183] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0052917_2084_1 dol-P-Man:Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H(+) + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate." [EC:2.4.1.260, RHEA:29538] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0055007_3489_1 cardiac muscle cell differentiation "The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction." [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055013_3489_1 cardiac muscle cell development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state." [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055028_726_1 cortical microtubule "Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol." [GOC:mtg_sensu] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0055037_726_1 recycling endosome "Organelle consisting of networks of 60nm tubules organized around the microtubule organizing centre in some cell types. They transport receptors from late endosomes back to the plasma membrane for recycling and are also involved in membrane trafficking." [GOC:jid, GOC:rph, PMID:10930469, PMID:15601896, PMID:16246101] IMP cellular_component Spf45 GO:0055050_3489_1 astral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the astral spindle in male meiotic cells." [GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055057_3489_1 neuroblast division "The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron." [PMID:11163136, PMID:11250167] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055059_3489_1 asymmetric neuroblast division "The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials." [GOC:dph] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0055060_3489_1 asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation "Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055069_3489_1 zinc ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055070_3489_1 copper ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055072_3489_1 iron ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions within an organism or cell." [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0055074_3489_1 calcium ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell." [GOC:ceb, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055076_3489_1 transition metal ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver." [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055077_2084_1 gap junction hemi-channel activity "A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction." [GOC:dgh] NAS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0055080_3489_1 cation homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations within an organism or cell." [GOC:ceb, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0055085_3489_1 transmembrane transport "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0055088_3489_1 lipid homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055089_3489_1 fatty acid homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055090_3489_1 acylglycerol homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055091_3489_1 phospholipid homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055092_3489_1 sterol homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055093_3489_1 response to hyperoxia "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension." [GOC:kmv] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055114_3489_1 oxidation-reduction process "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:jh2, GOC:jid, GOC:mlg, GOC:rph] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0055115_3489_1 entry into diapause "The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation." [GOC:ds, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0055129_3489_1 L-proline biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:ecd] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060003_3489_1 copper ion export "The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle." [GOC:dph] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060024_3489_1 rhythmic synaptic transmission "Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit." [GOC:dph] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060025_3489_1 regulation of synaptic activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060031_3489_1 mediolateral intercalation "The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation." [GOC:dgf, GOC:dph, PMID:12062082] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060047_3489_1 heart contraction "The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060048_3489_1 cardiac muscle contraction "Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060049_3489_1 regulation of protein glycosylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins." [GOC:dms, GOC:dph, GOC:pr] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060052_3489_1 neurofilament cytoskeleton organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060061_3489_1 Spemann organizer formation "Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060070_3489_1 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:11532397, PMID:19619488] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060071_3489_1 Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway "The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity." [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:11532397] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060072_2084_1 large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 100 to 220 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by concerted actions of internal calcium ions and membrane potential. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are less sensitive to calcium than are small or intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:17115074] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0060074_3489_1 synapse maturation "The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development." [GOC:dph, GOC:ef] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060078_3489_1 regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential "Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the postsynaptic membrane potential, which is generated by changes in the membrane potential of the post synaptic neuron that receives information at a synapse. The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. After being bound by the neurotransmitters, these receptors can open or close an ion channel, allowing ions to enter or leave the cell and therefore altering the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron." [GOC:dph, GOC:ef] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060079_3489_1 regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential "Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential." [GOC:dph, GOC:ef] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060090_2084_1 binding, bridging "The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way." [GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0060158_3489_1 phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." [GOC:dph, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, PMID:12675914] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060170_726_1 cilium membrane "The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium." [GOC:dph, GOC:rph] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0060179_3489_1 male mating behavior "The specific actions or reactions of a male organism that are associated with reproduction." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060180_3489_1 female mating behavior "The specific actions or reactions of a female organism that are associated with reproduction." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060187_726_1 cell pole "Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell." [GOC:dph] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0060213_3489_1 positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060232_3489_1 delamination "The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet." [GOC:dph, PMID:16962574, PMID:18343170] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060233_3489_1 oenocyte delamination "The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060250_3489_1 germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis "A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060252_3489_1 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation "Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation." [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060253_3489_1 negative regulation of glial cell proliferation "Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation." [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060261_3489_1 positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, GOC:txnOH] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060269_3489_1 centripetally migrating follicle cell migration "The cell migration process in which a follicle cell migrates as part of an epithelial sheet between the nurse cells and the oocyte. At the end of migration, they cover the anterior of the oocyte." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060271_3489_1 cilium morphogenesis "A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a cilium is organized." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060278_3489_1 regulation of ovulation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary." [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060285_3489_1 ciliary cell motility "Cell motility due to the motion of one or more cilia." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:mlg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060286_3489_1 flagellar cell motility "Cell motility due to the motion of one or more flagella." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:mlg] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060288_3489_1 formation of a compartment boundary "Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier." [GOC:dph] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060292_3489_1 long term synaptic depression "A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse." [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060293_726_1 germ plasm "Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line." [GOC:dph] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0060297_3489_1 regulation of sarcomere organization "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060305_3489_1 regulation of cell diameter "Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060308_2084_1 GTP cyclohydrolase I regulator activity "Modulates the activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I. GTP cyclohydrolase I activity catalyzes the reaction: GTP + 2 H2O = formate + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-dihydropteridine triphosphate." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0060322_3489_1 head development "The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060356_3489_1 leucine import "The directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060361_3489_1 flight "Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060385_3489_1 axonogenesis involved in innervation "The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue." [GOC:dph, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060388_726_1 vitelline envelope "A glycoprotein-based structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg before fertilization." [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0060429_3489_1 epithelium development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060438_3489_1 trachea development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches." [GOC:dph] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060439_3489_1 trachea morphogenesis "The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060446_3489_1 branching involved in open tracheal system development "The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060465_3489_1 pharynx development "The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth." [GOC:dph, GOC:rk] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060537_3489_1 muscle tissue development "The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060541_3489_1 respiratory system development "The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange." [GOC:dph] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060548_3489_1 negative regulation of cell death "Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060564_3489_1 negative regulation of mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activity "Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of anaphase-promoting complex activity regulating the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060570_3489_1 negative regulation of peptide hormone processing "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060581_3489_1 cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification "The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060586_3489_1 multicellular organismal iron ion homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of the distribution of iron stores within tissues and organs of a multicellular organism." [GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060626_3489_1 regulation of cullin deneddylation "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cullin deneddylation, the modification of cullins by removal of ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1)." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060628_3489_1 regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060632_3489_1 regulation of microtubule-based movement "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060702_3489_1 negative regulation of endoribonuclease activity "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060810_3489_1 intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process "Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo." [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060811_3489_1 intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification "Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis." [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060828_3489_1 regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes." [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060830_3489_1 ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signaling pathway "Grouping of smoothened or patched receptors in a cilium, contributing to the smoothened signaling pathway." [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060856_3489_1 establishment of blood-brain barrier "Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier." [GOC:dph, GOC:sart] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060857_3489_1 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier "Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier." [GOC:dph, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060914_3489_1 heart formation "The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable." [GOC:mtg_heart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060964_3489_1 regulation of gene silencing by miRNA "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0060966_3489_1 regulation of gene silencing by RNA "Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060967_3489_1 negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060968_3489_1 regulation of gene silencing "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0060969_3489_1 negative regulation of gene silencing "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0061025_3489_1 membrane fusion "The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0061031_3489_1 endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm." [GOC:dph, GOC:yaf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061041_3489_1 regulation of wound healing "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury." [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061057_3489_1 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of peptidoglycan to a receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The main outcome of the Imd signaling is the production of antimicrobial peptides." [GOC:dph, PMID:18688280] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061059_3489_1 positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway." [GOC:dph] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0061060_3489_1 negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061061_3489_1 muscle structure development "The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061077_3489_1 chaperone-mediated protein folding "The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone." [GOC:dph, GOC:vw] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0061086_3489_1 negative regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061098_3489_1 positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0061099_3489_1 negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0061101_3489_1 neuroendocrine cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061133_2084_1 endopeptidase activator activity "Increases the activity of an endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0061136_3489_1 regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0061174_726_1 type I terminal button "Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it." [GOC:dph] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0061320_3489_1 pericardial nephrocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a pericardial nephrocyte. A pericardial nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state." [CL:0000474, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:sart, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061321_3489_1 garland nephrocyte differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a garland nephrocyte. A garland nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and forms a ring with other garland nephrocytes around the esophagus. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state." [CL:0000486, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:sart, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061327_3489_1 anterior Malpighian tubule development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061328_3489_1 posterior Malpighian tubule development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of posterior tubules arise from a ventrolateral region of the embryonic hindgut and project backwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061330_3489_1 Malpighian tubule stellate cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061331_3489_1 epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis "The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061332_3489_1 Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis "The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061336_3489_1 cell morphogenesis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis "The shape change of an epithelial cell from a columnar to squamous cell morphology that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061353_3489_1 BMP signaling pathway involved in Malpighian tubule cell chemotaxis "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the directed movement of a Malpighian tubule cell toward a stimulus, thereby contributing to the shaping of the tubule." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0061355_3489_1 Wnt protein secretion "The controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:bf, PMID:19223472] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061357_3489_1 positive regulation of Wnt protein secretion "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:bf, PMID:19223472] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061359_3489_1 regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Wnt protein secretion "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt receptor mediated signaling pathway by the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell or group of cells." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, PMID:19223472] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0061382_3489_1 Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:7821213] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0065004_3489_1 protein-DNA complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex." [GOC:jl] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0065007_3489_1 biological regulation "Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function." [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0070008_2084_1 serine-type exopeptidase activity "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine)." [GOC:mah, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#EXOPEPTIDASE, ISBN:0716720094] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070025_2084_1 carbon monoxide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with carbon monoxide (CO)." [GOC:ecd] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070026_2084_1 nitric oxide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nitric oxide (NO)." [GOC:ecd] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070037_2084_1 rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule." [GOC:imk, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070050_3489_1 neuron homeostasis "The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0070055_3489_1 HAC1-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage "The process in which the tertiary structure of a HAC1 type intron is recognized, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:10357823] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070059_3489_1 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress "Intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway that occurs in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen." [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:18701708] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070062_726_1 extracellular vesicular exosome "A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070064_2084_1 proline-rich region binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein." [GOC:mah] IGI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070073_3489_1 clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels "The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities." [GOC:BHF, GOC:sart, PMID:183853250] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070085_3489_1 glycosylation "The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a substrate molecule." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070125_3489_1 mitochondrial translational elongation "The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion." [GOC:mah] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0070129_3489_1 regulation of mitochondrial translation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070193_3489_1 synaptonemal complex organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070194_3489_1 synaptonemal complex disassembly "The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070201_3489_1 regulation of establishment of protein localization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070273_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070278_3489_1 extracellular matrix constituent secretion "The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070286_3489_1 axonemal dynein complex assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion." [GOC:mah, PMID:19052621] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0070290_2084_1 NAPE-specific phospholipase D activity "Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE)." [GOC:elh, PMID:14634025, PMID:15878693] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070300_2084_1 phosphatidic acid binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids." [CHEBI:16337, GOC:jp, ISBN:0198506732] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070303_3489_1 negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070328_3489_1 triglyceride homeostasis "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070330_2084_1 aromatase activity "Catalysis of the reduction of an aliphatic ring to yield an aromatic ring." [GOC:cb] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070361_2084_1 mitochondrial light strand promoter anti-sense binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the anti-sense strand of the light strand promoter, a promoter located on the light, or cytosine-rich, strand of mitochondrial DNA." [GOC:mah, PMID:9485316] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070374_3489_1 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070379_2084_1 high mobility group box 1 binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1)." [GOC:add, PMID:18431461] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070389_3489_1 chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding "The process of assisting in the restoration of the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release." [GOC:mah, GOC:rb] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0070403_2084_1 NAD+ binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions." [GOC:mah] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070406_2084_1 glutamine binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid." [CHEBI:28300, GOC:ecd] IC molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070407_3489_1 oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein." [GOC:mah] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070409_3489_1 carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways." [CHEBI:17672, GOC:mah, GOC:rph] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070417_3489_1 cellular response to cold "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism." [GOC:jp] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070449_726_1 elongin complex "A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (abut 100 kDa)and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa)subunits." [PMID:12676794] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070451_726_1 cell hair "A long, thin cell projection that contains F-actin and tubulin, with microtubules centrally located and F-actin peripherally located." [PMID:11526084] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070461_726_1 SAGA-type complex "A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal H3 and H2B and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. The budding yeast complex includes the acetyltransferase Gcn5p, several proteins of the Spt and Ada families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins." [GOC:mah, PMID:10637607, PMID:17337012] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070462_3489_1 plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization "The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule." [GOC:krc, PMID:16906145, PMID:16906148] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070469_726_1 respiratory chain "The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:ecd, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] IEA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070491_2084_1 repressing transcription factor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription repressor, any protein whose activity is required to prevent or downregulate transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070507_3489_1 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070513_2084_1 death domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a death domain of a protein. The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. DD bind each other forming oligomers. Some DD-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through their activation of caspases and NF-kappaB." [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, InterPro:IPR000488, Pfam:PF00531] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070536_3489_1 protein K63-linked deubiquitination "A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein." [GOC:mah, PMID:19202061, PMID:19214193] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0070544_3489_1 histone H3-K36 demethylation "The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone." [GOC:sart, PMID:19061644] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070545_726_1 PeBoW complex "A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively." [GOC:ab, GOC:mah, PMID:16043514, PMID:17353269] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070578_726_1 RISC-loading complex "A trimeric ribonucleoprotein complex that and is required for the formation of a mature RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1) and TRBP (TARBP2) in association with the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP." [GOC:ab, PMID:18178619] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070584_3489_1 mitochondrion morphogenesis "The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070588_3489_1 calcium ion transmembrane transport "A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070593_3489_1 dendrite self-avoidance "The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell." [GOC:sart, PMID:17482551] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070594_2084_1 juvenile hormone response element binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone." [GOC:sart, PMID:17956872] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070604_726_1 PBAF complex "A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains the ATPase product of the mammalian BAF180 gene." [GOC:mah, PMID:16155938, PMID:8895581] IPI cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070611_2084_1 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R2 specific) "Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of histone H3." [EC:2.1.1.125, GOC:mah, PMID:17898714] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070613_3489_1 regulation of protein processing "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070615_2084_1 nucleosome-dependent ATPase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of one or more nucleosomes." [GOC:mah, PMID:19165147] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070626_2084_1 (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide." [GOC:mah, GOC:pde] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070628_2084_1 proteasome binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation." [GOC:mah] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070652_726_1 HAUS complex "A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex." [PMID:19427217] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070683_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint "A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase until sister chromatids are sufficiently separated, with concatenated molecules topologically resolved." [GOC:jp, GOC:mah] IBA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070725_726_1 Yb body "A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell." [GOC:sart, PMID:19433453] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070731_3489_1 cGMP transport "The directed movement of cyclic GMP (cGMP), into, out of or within a cell." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070732_726_1 spindle envelope "An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase." [GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:19417004, PMID:6428889] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070733_2084_1 protein adenylyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to specific residues of target proteins." [GOC:mah, PMID:19039103, PMID:19362538] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070734_3489_1 histone H3-K27 methylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070735_2084_1 protein-glycine ligase activity "Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target protein." [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070736_2084_1 protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating "Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein." [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070737_2084_1 protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating "Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain." [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070742_2084_1 C2H2 zinc finger domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, Pfam:PF00096] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070815_2084_1 peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2." [PMID:19574390] ISS molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070816_3489_1 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain "The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:17079683] NAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0070822_726_1 Sin3-type complex "Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex." [PMID:15565322, PMID:18292778] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070827_3489_1 chromatin maintenance "The chromatin organization process that preserves chromatin in a stable functional or structural state." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070828_3489_1 heterochromatin organization "Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070829_3489_1 heterochromatin maintenance "The chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070831_3489_1 basement membrane assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070838_3489_1 divalent metal ion transport "The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070855_2084_1 myosin VI head/neck binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the head/neck region of a myosin VI heavy chain." [GOC:sart] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070856_2084_1 myosin VI light chain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin VI complex." [GOC:sart] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070861_3489_1 regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070863_3489_1 positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070864_726_1 sperm individualization complex "A macromolecular complex that includes cytoskeletal components and part of the cell membrane. Forms at the nuclear end of a male germline syncytium, or cyst, and translocates the over the length of the syncytium in the course of sperm individualization. Each complex contains an array of 64 investment cones, one per nucleus, that move synchronously along the spermatogenic cyst." [GOC:sart, PMID:10588662, PMID:9550716] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070865_726_1 investment cone "A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization." [GOC:sart, PMID:15829565, PMID:9550716] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070868_3489_1 heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing "Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070873_3489_1 regulation of glycogen metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070883_2084_1 pre-miRNA binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA." [PMID:18951094] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070888_2084_1 E-box binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues." [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk, PMID:11812799] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070918_3489_1 production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA "The process in which a double-stranded RNA precursor is processed into short (20-30 nt) fragments. RNA cleavage is catalyzed by a Dicer endonuclease." [GOC:mah, PMID:19239886] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070920_3489_1 regulation of production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070923_3489_1 siRNA loading onto RISC involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA "The process in which a single-stranded small RNA associates with the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC); occurs as part of a process of chromatin silencing by small RNA." [GOC:mah, PMID:19239886] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070938_726_1 contractile ring "A cytoskeletal structure composed of filamentous protein that forms beneath the membrane of many cells or organelles, in the plane of cell or organelle division. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells or organelles." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0123645859, ISBN:0792354923, PMID:10791428, PMID:17913889] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070940_3489_1 dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain "The process of removing a phosphate group from an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Some dephosphorylation occurs during transcription while some may occur after the enzyme is released from the template in order to prepare it for the beginning of the transcription cycle again. RNA polymerase II with little or no phosphorylation is referred to as the hypophosphorylated or II(A) form." [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:17079683] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0070971_726_1 endoplasmic reticulum exit site "An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced." [PMID:15623529, PMID:16957052] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0070976_2084_1 TIR domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of a protein. The TIR domain is an intracellular 200 residue domain that is found in the Toll protein, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and MyD88; it contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components." [GOC:mah, InterPro:IPR000157] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070983_3489_1 dendrite guidance "The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues." [GOC:sart, PMID:15046878] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070984_2084_1 SET domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SET domain of a protein. SET domains are named after three Drosophila proteins that contain this domain: Su(var), E(z) and trithorax. SET domains are associated with histone lysine methylation." [GOC:sart, Pfam:PF00856, PMID:12575990] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0070986_3489_1 left/right axis specification "The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes)." [GOC:dph, GOC:gvg, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0070995_3489_1 NADPH oxidation "A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071000_3489_1 response to magnetism "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus." [GOC:sl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071011_726_1 precatalytic spliceosome "A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs." [GOC:ab, GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:18322460, PMID:19239890] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071013_726_1 catalytic step 2 spliceosome "A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs." [GOC:ab, GOC:krc, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879695897, ISBN:0879697393, PMID:18322460, PMID:19239890] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071027_3489_1 nuclear RNA surveillance "The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus." [GOC:dgf, GOC:krc, PMID:18644474] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071110_3489_1 histone biotinylation "The modification of a histone by the addition of a biotinyl group." [GOC:rph, PMID:14613969, PMID:19019041] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071174_3489_1 mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint "A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071212_726_1 subsynaptic reticulum "An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane." [PMID:1460464, PMID:18171947, PMID:19244343, PMID:7946331] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071222_3489_1 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071229_3489_1 cellular response to acid "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acid stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071230_3489_1 cellular response to amino acid stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups." [CHEBI:33709, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071243_3489_1 cellular response to arsenic-containing substance "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071244_3489_1 cellular response to carbon dioxide "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071254_726_1 cytoplasmic U snRNP body "A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies." [GOC:sart, PMID:17595295] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071260_3489_1 cellular response to mechanical stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071267_3489_1 L-methionine salvage "Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis." [CHEBI:16643, GOC:ecd] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071276_3489_1 cellular response to cadmium ion "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071361_3489_1 cellular response to ethanol "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071390_3489_1 cellular response to ecdysone "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071421_3489_1 manganese ion transmembrane transport "A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071422_3489_1 succinate transmembrane transport "A process in which a succinate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071423_3489_1 malate transmembrane transport "A process in which a malate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071454_3489_1 cellular response to anoxia "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0071456_3489_1 cellular response to hypoxia "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071459_3489_1 protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region "Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071462_3489_1 cellular response to water stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071465_3489_1 cellular response to desiccation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071470_3489_1 cellular response to osmotic stress "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071475_3489_1 cellular hyperosmotic salinity response "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071480_3489_1 cellular response to gamma radiation "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071481_3489_1 cellular response to X-ray "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz)." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071482_3489_1 cellular response to light stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071486_3489_1 cellular response to high light intensity "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071526_3489_1 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vk, PMID:15239959] TAS biological_process Spf45 GO:0071557_3489_1 histone H3-K27 demethylation "The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone." [GOC:sp, PMID:20023638] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071560_3489_1 cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus." [GOC:ecd, PMID:15451575] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0071577_3489_1 zinc ion transmembrane transport "A process in which a zinc ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071585_3489_1 detoxification of cadmium ion "Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion." [GOC:BHF, PMID:16741752] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071595_726_1 Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex "A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p." [GOC:mah, PMID:9822591] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071616_3489_1 acyl-CoA biosynthetic process "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group." [GOC:cjk] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071617_2084_1 lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid." [GOC:cjk] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0071632_3489_1 optomotor response "Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish." [GOC:dos, PMID:12726833, PMID:2469195] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071666_726_1 Slit-Robo signaling complex "A protein-carbohydrate complex that consists of a transmembrane roundabout (Robo) receptor, an extracellular Slit ligand and heparin/heparan sulfate." [GOC:sart, PMID:17062560, PMID:18359766] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071683_726_1 sensory dendrite "A dendrite that is found on a sensory neuron, and directly transduces a sensory signal from the sensory neuron to another neuron." [GOC:dos, GOC:kmv, GOC:mah] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0071688_3489_1 striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071711_3489_1 basement membrane organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071722_3489_1 detoxification of arsenic-containing substance "Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds." [GOC:kmv, PMID:11313333, PMID:20221439] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071733_3489_1 transcriptional activation by promoter-enhancer looping "The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose the promoter and enhancer regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes and activate transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter." [GOC:mah, PMID:15060134, PMID:19923429] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0071772_3489_1 response to BMP stimulus "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus." [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0071805_3489_1 potassium ion transmembrane transport "A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071837_2084_1 HMG box domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin." [GOC:yaf, InterPro:IPR009071, PMID:18445004] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0071875_3489_1 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway "A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC:BHF] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071885_2084_1 N-terminal protein N-methyltransferase activity "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino or imino acid residue of a protein substrate. For example, yeast Tae1p and mammalian family member METTL11A preferentially modify the N-terminal residue of substrates with the N-terminal sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X can be Pro, Ala, or Ser." [PMID:20481588] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0071902_3489_1 positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071906_2084_1 CRD domain binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CRD (context dependent regulatory) domain, a domain of about 130 residues that is the most divergent region among the LEF/TCF proteins." [GOC:yaf, PMID:19460168] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0071907_3489_1 determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry "Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed." [GOC:cvs] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071922_3489_1 regulation of cohesin localization to chromatin "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin." [GOC:lb, GOC:mah, PMID:17113138] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0071927_3489_1 octopamine signaling pathway "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine binding to a cell surface receptor." [GOC:mah, PMID:15355245] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071949_2084_1 FAD binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0071951_3489_1 conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA "The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet)." [GOC:jsg, PMID:5337045] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0071986_726_1 Ragulator complex "A protein complex that contains MAPKSP1 (MP1, Map2k1ip1), ROBLD3 (p14, Mapbpip), and C11orf59 (p18). The complex is anchored to lipid rafts in late endosome membranes via C11orf59, recruits mTORC1 to lysosomal membranes in amino acid signaling to mTORC1, and is also involved in ERK/MAPK signaling." [PMID:19177150, PMID:20381137] ISS cellular_component Spf45 GO:0072002_3489_1 Malpighian tubule development "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19783135] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072089_3489_1 stem cell proliferation "The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0072091_3489_1 regulation of stem cell proliferation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072175_3489_1 epithelial tube formation "The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072320_2084_1 volume-sensitive chloride channel activity "Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0072321_3489_1 chaperone-mediated protein transport "The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, mediated by chaperone molecules that bind to the transported proteins." [GOC:mah, PMID:20378773] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0072332_3489_1 signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis "A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, that results in the induction of apoptosis." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0072334_3489_1 UDP-galactose transmembrane transport "The directed movement of UDP-galactose across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0072347_3489_1 response to anesthetic "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation." [CHEBI:38867, GOC:sart] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072375_3489_1 medium-term memory "The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster)." [GOC:sart, PMID:14659098, PMID:7923375] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072488_3489_1 ammonium transmembrane transport "The directed movement of ammonium across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+." [GOC:mah] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0072499_3489_1 photoreceptor cell axon guidance "The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues." [GOC:sart, PMID:20826677] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0072553_3489_1 terminal button organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072572_2084_1 poly-ADP-D-ribose binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring." [CHEBI:61151, GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:20088964] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0072583_3489_1 clathrin-mediated endocytosis "An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:18498251, PMID:8970738, PMID:9234965] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0072587_2084_1 DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activator activity "Increases the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2." [GOC:mah] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0072593_3489_1 reactive oxygen species metabolic process "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers." [CHEBI:26523, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0072686_726_1 mitotic spindle "A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:11408572, PMID:18367542, PMID:8027178] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0072687_726_1 meiotic spindle "A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:11408572, PMID:18367542, PMID:8027178] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0080007_2084_1 S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10742, PMID:11260719] IMP molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080008_726_1 Cul4-RING ubiquitin ligase complex "A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein." [PMID:16792691, PMID:18223036, PMID:18552200] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0080009_3489_1 mRNA methylation "The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an mRNA molecule." [PMID:18505803] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:0080023_2084_1 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA = 2E-enoyl-CoA + H2O." [PMID:16982622] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080025_2084_1 phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions." [GOC:bf, PMID:18397324] IBA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080030_2084_1 methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+." [MetaCyc:RXN-10711, PMID:18467465] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080031_2084_1 methyl salicylate esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+." [MetaCyc:RXNQT-4366, PMID:18467465, PMID:18643994] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080032_2084_1 methyl jasmonate esterase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol." [PMID:15233793, PMID:18467465] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080130_2084_1 L-phenylalanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate." [GOC:pmn_curators, PMID:18394996] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080134_3489_1 regulation of response to stress "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation)." [GOC:dhl] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0080146_2084_1 L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity "Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+." [MetaCyc:LCYSDESULF-RXN, PMID:19955263] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0080154_3489_1 regulation of fertilization "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy)." [GOC:DHL, PMID:20478994] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0080164_3489_1 regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water." [GOC:DHL] IC biological_process Spf45 GO:0080182_3489_1 histone H3-K4 trimethylation "The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone." [GOC:BHF, GOC:se, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090007_3489_1 regulation of mitotic anaphase "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic anaphase, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase, the stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other." [GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090053_3489_1 positive regulation of chromatin silencing at centromere "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at the centromere. Chromatin silencing at the centromere is the repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090062_3489_1 regulation of trehalose metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090063_3489_1 positive regulation of microtubule nucleation "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090070_3489_1 positive regulation of ribosome biogenesis "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090090_3489_1 negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090097_3489_1 regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway. The decapentaplegic signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the signal decapentaplegic binding to one of its physiological receptors." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090098_3489_1 positive regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway "Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway. The decapentaplegic signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the signal decapentaplegic binding to one of its physiological receptors." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090099_3489_1 negative regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway "Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway. The decapentaplegic signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the signal decapentaplegic binding to one of its physiological receptors." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090110_3489_1 cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle "The formation of a protein complex between the COPII coat proteins and proteins that are going to be transported by the COPII vesicle to the Golgi." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090116_3489_1 C-5 methylation of cytosine "The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine in a DNA molecule." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090128_3489_1 regulation of synapse maturation "Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090136_3489_1 epithelial cell-cell adhesion "The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090141_3489_1 positive regulation of mitochondrial fission "Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090158_3489_1 endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090162_3489_1 establishment of epithelial cell polarity "The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090163_3489_1 establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity "The specification and formation of the polarity of an epithelial cell along the plane of the epithelial tissue." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090176_3489_1 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins and contributes to the establishment of planar polarity." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090207_3489_1 regulation of triglyceride metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090231_3489_1 regulation of spindle checkpoint "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090250_3489_1 cell-cell adhesion involved in establishment of planar polarity "The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to the establishment of planar cell polarity." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090254_3489_1 cell elongation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis "The process in which a cell elongates and contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis." [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090263_3489_1 positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes." [GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090281_3489_1 negative regulation of calcium ion import "Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC:BHF] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090303_3489_1 positive regulation of wound healing "Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury." [GOC:BHF] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090305_3489_1 nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis "The nucleic acid metabolic process in which the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are cleaved by hydrolysis." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IEA biological_process Spf45 GO:0090306_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in meiosis "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis." [GOC:tb, GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090307_3489_1 spindle assembly involved in mitosis "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of mitosis." [GOC:tb, GOC:vw] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:0090314_3489_1 positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein." [GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090328_3489_1 regulation of olfactory learning "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0090382_3489_1 phagosome maturation "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome." [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:0097001_2084_1 ceramide binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any ceramide, a class of lipids that is composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes." [CHEBI:17761, GOC:sart] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0097003_2084_1 adipokinetic hormone receptor activity "Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis." [GOC:sart, PMID:11904407] IDA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0097004_2084_1 adipokinetic hormone binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adipokinetic hormone. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis." [GOC:sart, PMID:11904407] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0097005_2084_1 adipokinetic hormone receptor binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adipokinetic hormone receptor. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis." [GOC:sart, PMID:11904407] IPI molecular_function Spf45 GO:0097009_3489_1 energy homeostasis "Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure." [GOC:yaf, PMID:15919751] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0097033_3489_1 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III biogenesis "The biogenesis of a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (also known as cytochrome bc(1) complex or ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), a protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together." [GOC:mcc] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0097038_726_1 perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum "The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:mcc, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] IDA cellular_component Spf45 GO:0097062_3489_1 dendritic spine maintenance "The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission." [GOC:BHF, PMID:20410104] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0097105_3489_1 presynaptic membrane assembly "The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction." [GOC:BHF, GOC:sjp, PMID:15797875, PMID:18550748] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0097106_3489_1 postsynaptic density organization "A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse." [GOC:BHF, GOC:sjp, PMID:21525273] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0097157_2084_1 pre-mRNA intronic binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)." [GOC:ans, PMID:16260624] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:0097206_3489_1 nephrocyte filtration "The process by which hemolymph is filtered based on size and charge through a nephrocyte filtration barrier formed by the basement membrane and nephrocyte diaphragm." [GOC:sart, PMID:18971929] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:0097211_3489_1 cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus." [GOC:yaf, PMID:15976007] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:1900073_3489_1 regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission." [GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:1900074_3489_1 negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission." [GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:1900114_3489_1 positive regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation." [GOC:TermGenie] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:1900116_3489_1 extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction "Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region." [GOC:signaling, GOC:TermGenie] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000035_3489_1 regulation of stem cell division "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000040_3489_1 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation." [GOC:dph] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000045_3489_1 regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:vw] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000060_3489_1 positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process." [GOC:BHF] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000134_3489_1 negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:2000152_3489_1 regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease activity." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000158_3489_1 positive regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease activity." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000169_3489_1 regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000179_3489_1 positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation." [GOC:dph, GOC:yaf] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000252_3489_1 negative regulation of feeding behavior "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000274_3489_1 regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000278_3489_1 regulation of DNA biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000301_3489_1 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000302_3489_1 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000305_3489_1 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance "Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance." [GOC:obol] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:2000311_3489_1 regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity." [GOC:BHF] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000331_3489_1 regulation of terminal button organization "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000369_3489_1 regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." [GOC:mah] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO:2000370_3489_1 positive regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000373_3489_1 positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity." [GOC:mah] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000377_3489_1 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000378_3489_1 negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process." [GOC:mah] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000427_3489_1 positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000431_3489_1 regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000435_3489_1 negative regulation of protein neddylation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000495_3489_1 regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000499_3489_1 negative regulation of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000619_3489_1 negative regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation." [GOC:BHF] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000620_3489_1 positive regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation." [GOC:BHF] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000647_3489_1 negative regulation of stem cell proliferation "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation." [GOC:dph] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2000678_3489_1 negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding." [GOC:obol] IDA biological_process Spf45 GO:2000738_3489_1 positive regulation of stem cell differentiation "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation." [GOC:obol] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2001022_3489_1 positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus." [GOC:obol] ISS biological_process Spf45 GO:2001070_2084_1 starch binding "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with starch." [GOC:mengo_curators] IEA molecular_function Spf45 GO:2001141_3489_1 regulation of RNA biosynthetic process "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process." [GOC:dph] IPI biological_process Spf45 GO:2001282_3489_1 negative regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. For example, when the muscle cell arrives at the target tendon cell, migration is arrested so that attachments can be made between the cells." [GOC:sart, PMID:19793885, PMID:20404543] IMP biological_process Spf45 GO:2001283_3489_1 Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell "Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus." [GOC:bf, GOC:obol, GOC:sart, PMID:19793885] IGI biological_process Spf45 GO Term Accession_1_1 GO Term Name GO Term Definition GO Term Evidence Code GO domain